Homologizing the wing hinge structures of Odonata is challenging due to the coalescence of articular plates and the relictual nature of wing pteralia in extant species. Fossil evidence is crucial for tracing the evolutionary history of wing hinges in pterygote. A new protolindeniid genus and species, Sinoprotolindenia zhengi Wei, Ren, Nel & Wang Y. gen. et sp. nov., from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation in northeastern China, provides exceptional preservation of wing pteralia of basal hinge line. The new species, sister to Petaluridae, provides new insights into the evolution of tergal wing hinge structures in Odonata. The study reveals that the SDP (semi-detached scutal plate) is a composite plate: mSDP originates from the specialized lateral margin of the prescutum, while dSDP and pSDP derive from 2 free pteralia. The scutellar process of Odonata derives from the fusion of 1 pterala to scutellum, homologous to the proxalare of A in Meganisoptera. These findings confirm that the ground plan of the tergal wing hinge in Odonata comprises 4 pteralia (dSDP, pSDP, pterala 1, and pterala 2). Most pteralia (excluding pterala 1) exhibit derived fusion with terga among Anisoptera, Anisozygoptera, Zygoptera, but Sinoprotolindenia + Petaluridae and Gomphidae still retain some ancestral conditions.

随着老龄化程度不断加深,农村福利保障制度不完善,养老服务体系不健全,农村养老面临很多问题,农村老年人处于“弱势群体”,相比之下,丧偶老年女性则更加弱势.在阐述增权理论基础上,了解农村丧偶老年女性养老权力缺失状况,发现该群体在经济、日常照料、精神慰藉、自主性方面的权力都处于缺失或者非常薄弱状态,根据增权模式外部力量推动为主,个体主动为辅的思路尝试提出增加农村丧偶老年女性养老权力的建议.

Since Holcorpa maculosa was first described in 1878, it has attracted lots of attention due to its extremely elongate abdominal segments from the sixth to the eighth. Fossil records of family Holcorpidae are very rare, comprising two species in one genus represented by three fossil specimens, resulting in limited knowledge on the structure and function of holcorpid's unique male organ, as well as its evolutionary relationship with other scorpionflies. Herein we describe a new genus with a new species, Conicholcorpa stigmosa gen. et sp. nov., of the Holcorpidae from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation near Daohugou Village, Inner Mongolia, China. This is the first holcorpid documented from the Daohugou locality, albeit two previously reported species with extremely elongate male organs but deemed as Family Incertae sedis. C. stigmosa gen. et sp. nov. is the earliest holcorpid hitherto, extending its existence from the Early Eocene to the Middle Jurassic by 114 million years and providing one more early case of presenting exaggerated male body parts for sexual display and/or selection. Our analysis supports the sister relationship between Holcorpidae and Orthophlebiidae. Our results not only enhance our knowledge of the morphology of Holcorpidae but also elucidate the relationship of known species of this family.

Objective This work is designed to improve the quality,visual effect and production efficiency of ecological reconstruction of fossil insects by using various threedimensional software and exploring helpful methodologies

Two new species of the genus Prolyda Rasnitsyn, 1968, Prolyda dimidia sp. n. and Prolyda elegantula sp. n., are described and illustrated. Both specimens were well-preserved and collected from the latest Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of Daohugou Village in Inner Mongolia, China. Based on the new morphological data, a key to the five known species of Prolyda is provided. In addition, Prolyda has an enlarged first antennal flagellomere, which means it might have revert to the elongate plesiomorphic state for the antennal configuration as previously documented.

Palaeoxenus sinensis Chang, Muona & Teräväinen sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Eucnemidae) is described on the basis of a Cretaceous larva found from the Yixian Formation in Huangbanjigou, Liaoning Province, China. The only previously known member of this clade is a southern Californian endemic, Dohrn's elegant eucnemid beetle (Palaeoxenus dohrni), a species that develops in conifers, especially the incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens). The new find proves that the highly specialized main eucnemid lineages had evolved 123 Mya, before the main radiation of the angiosperms and probably as an adaptation to development in gymnosperms.

高等教育国际化促使大学英语教学在提高学生英语水平的同时更侧重于培养学生的跨文化意识,而在跨文化意识的形成过程中,文化移情是关键. 对于艺术生这一特殊群体来说,海外实习能够帮助他们更直观地体会异国文化,提升他们的文化移情能力,培养他们有创造力的思维方式,还能帮助他们实现自我重建,使他们成为具有国际化视野的复合型人才,这与高等教育国际化的要求是相符合的.

在人口老龄化背景下，老年人规模越来越大，我国是农业大国，农村老年人数量尤其庞大，他们的医疗、健康服务需求也会日益增长，这一问题应该得到研究者和有关部门的重视。所以本文围绕农村老年人健康及医疗支持资源状况，在北京市延庆县五村庄对30名老人进行了访谈，了解他们在疾病的预防期、治疗期、康复期三个阶段的经济、公共卫生服务、人员、心理情绪四方面的支持情况，并推出了相关的建议和应对措施。

教育本质的问题在教育界争论了三四十年,教育学者、教育家们各抒己见,纷纷表达自己的观点,彼此之间展开了相对激烈的讨论,从某种意义上说这样的争论促进了教育理论的大发展,也是人们对教育本质的认识越来越清晰:教育越来越回归到人本身。同时借着《2010—2020年国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》公布、实施的东风谈谈笔者对教育本质的看法。由于不能面面俱到,所以笔者主要是从人的自由来看教育本质。

BACKGROUND:Mating behaviors have been widely studied for extant insects. However, cases of mating individuals are particularly rare in the fossil record of insects, and most of them involved preservation in amber while only in rare cases found in compression fossils. This considerably limits our knowledge of mating position and genitalia orientation during the Mesozoic, and hinders our understanding of the evolution of mating behaviors in this major component of modern ecosystems.PRINCIPAL FINDING:Here we report a pair of copulating froghoppers, Anthoscytina perpetua sp. nov., referable to the Procercopidae, from the Middle Jurassic of northeastern China. They exhibit belly-to-belly mating position as preserved, with male's aedeagus inserting into the female's bursa copulatrix. Abdominal segments 8 to 9 of male are disarticulated suggesting these segments were twisted and flexed during mating. Due to potential taphonomic effect, we cannot rule out that they might have taken side-by-side position, as in extant froghoppers. Genitalia of male and female, based on paratypes, show symmetric structures.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:Our findings, consistent with those of extant froghoppers, indicate froghoppers' genitalic symmetry and mating position have remained static for over 165 million years.

王家卫的电影是香港作者电影的代表。本文通过拉康和劳拉·莫尔维等西方女权理论分析王家卫后期电影中女性形象的特点和作用,从而指出王家卫电影中的女性形象是被典型化、符码化,更是缺乏的和"社会构建"的。

A near-perfect mimetic association between a mecopteran insect species and a ginkgoalean plant species from the late Middle Jurassic of northeastern China recently has been discovered. The association stems from a case of mixed identity between a particular plant and an insect in the laboratory and the field. This confusion is explained as a case of leaf mimesis, wherein the appearance of the multilobed leaf of Yimaia capituliformis (the ginkgoalean model) was accurately replicated by the wings and abdomen of the cimbrophlebiid Juracimbrophlebia ginkgofolia (the hangingfly mimic). Our results suggest that hangingflies developed leaf mimesis either as an antipredator avoidance device or possibly as a predatory strategy to provide an antiherbivore function for its plant hosts, thus gaining mutual benefit for both the hangingfly and the ginkgo species. This documentation of mimesis is a rare occasion whereby exquisitely preserved, co-occurring fossils occupy a narrow spatiotemporal window that reveal likely reciprocal mechanisms which plants and insects provide mutual defensive support during their preangiospermous evolutionary histories.

Ouyang Xiu＇s ＂Story of Old Tippler＇s Pavilion＂ is a great prose.The translation versions are coming in thick and fast.By using the dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence suggested by Nida,from the perspective of the equivalence of the meaning of a word,rhythm and functional,this paper intends to compare the merits and demerits of the different two English versions of Yang Xianyi and Horis in order to indicate that the equivalence plays a important role in translation criticism.

大学英语的学习，作为两种语言的语际交际，不仅仅是语言的学习，更重要的是了解英美文化的一个过程。本文以艺术生这类特殊的群体为例，简单论述在教授大学英语的过程中文化导入的几种途径，探讨培养学生的跨文化全球化意识和能力的几种方法。

Considering the behavior of tourist and carrying capacities in the Summer Palace,spatial environmental capacity and psychological capacity are discussed by the onsite survey and statistical calculation.The estimated results are calibrated by actual conditions.It is shown that the annual spatial capacity of the Summer Palace is in unsaturated condition,whereas on some specific time and place,overloading is serious.Negative influence resulting from tourist activity and measures to improve tourists' question in experience quality are analyzed.