Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) can cause respiratory infections in animals that often lead to heavy losses for breeding industry. Ban-Qin-Fei-Re-Qing oral liquid (BQ), a Chinese herbal compound, has been used to treat infectious bronchitis (IB). This research aimed to assess the antiviral effect of BQ against IBV and elucidate the underlying mechanisms through bioinformatics analysis. The experiments designed in this study investigated how BQ inhibits IBV propagation in chicken embryos and enhances protective effects on chicken embryos. The findings indicated that, in comparison to the model group (untreated), the BQ-treated groups exhibited a significant protective effect on IBV-infected chicken embryos. Moreover, the groups administered medium or high doses of BQ demonstrated a superior protective effect compared to the group treated with a lower dose. In addition, even at a low dose (2.5 mL/L), BQ successfully treated IB in chickens. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses revealed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in antiviral pathways, such as the JAK/STAT and type I interferon signaling pathways. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that BQ has antiviral activity and plays an antiviral role through the combined action of multiple antiviral pathways. These findings could lead to future research on identifying drugs to prevent and treat IB.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) leads to economic losses in poultry industry and is also a threat to human health. Various strategies were used for searching virulence factors, while little is known about the mechanism by which APEC survives in host or is eliminated by host. Thus, chicken colibacillosis model was constructed by intraperitoneally injecting E. coli O78 in this study, then the protein dynamic expression of spleen was characterized at different post-infection times by quantitative proteome. Comparative analysis showed that E. coli induced significant dysregulation at 72 h post infection in spleen tissue. Transcriptomic method was further used to assess the changes of dysregulated proteins at 72 h post infection at the mRNA level. Total 278 protein groups (5.7%) and 2,443 genes (24.4%) were dysregulated, respectively. The upregulated proteins and genes were consistently enriched in phagosome and lysosome pathways, indicating E. coli infection activates phagosome maturation pathway. The matured phagolysosome might kill the invasive E. coli. This study illuminated the genetic dysregulation in chicken spleen at the protein and mRNA levels after E. coli infecting and identified candidate genes for host response to APEC infection.

为了观察白头翁皂苷注射液对奶牛隐性乳房炎的治疗效果,将103头患隐性乳房炎的奶牛随机分为白头翁皂苷注射液高剂量组0.08 mL/(kg·d)、中剂量组0.05 mL/(kg·d)、低剂量组0.01 mL/(kg·d)、阳性药物对照组0.10 mL/(kg·d)和阳性对照组0.05 mL/(kg·d).各组均按体质量换算药量,通过肌肉注射给药,连续5 d.每头奶牛于给药前1 d、给药后3和5 d采用HMT检测判断各组奶牛患隐性乳房炎的程度;并于给药前1 d和给药后5 d进行乳汁体细胞数和乳汁理化指标测定,同时采血进行血常规、炎性因子和免疫因子的检测.结果显示,治疗后,白头翁皂苷注射液高、中、低剂量组的总有效率分别为90.91％,77.42％,77.27％,极显著高于阳性对照组的33.33％(P＜0.01),其中白头翁皂苷注射液高、中剂量组的总有效率显著高于双丁注射液组的46.67％(P＜0.05),白头翁皂苷注射液高、中、低剂量组隐性乳房炎炎症程度积分、乳汁体细胞数与治疗前及阳性对照组相比具有极显著性(P＜0.01)和显著性(P＜0.05)下降.治疗后,各组乳成分检测结果无明显差异.治疗前后血液学常规指标和血清中IL-1β、IgG等炎性因子及免疫指标的检测结果显示,白头翁皂苷注射液高剂量组奶牛血清中的IL-8含量极显著高于阳性对照组(P＜0.01),其余指标未出现显著变化.结果表明,白头翁皂苷注射液对奶牛隐形乳房炎有较好的疗效,且优于双丁注射液,同时对患隐性乳房炎奶牛的基础生理代谢活动影响较小.

为构建快速易行的大鼠渗出性肺炎模型,将50只大鼠随机分为5个组,10只/组,A组(高剂量肺炎克雷伯杆菌)、B组(低剂量肺炎克雷伯杆菌)、C组(脂多糖)、D组(脂多糖+低剂量肺炎克雷伯杆菌)、E组(空白对照组).造模后观察大鼠试验期间整体状态、体温、呼吸频率;检测血液中淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞百分比;通过ELISA测定血清及肺泡灌洗液中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量;通过石蜡切片法观察肺部组织病理变化;通过组织免疫荧光法观察MUC5AC在肺部组织的定位及表达;运用Western blot检测AQP3、AQP5在肺部组织内的表达.结果显示,与E组相比,D组大鼠在攻毒后体温显著升高(P＜0.05)、呼吸频率极显著升高(P＜0.01),8只大鼠出现剧烈咳嗽、喷嚏等临床症状;血液中白细胞总数、嗜中性粒细胞百分比显著升高(P＜0.05);血清中IL-6表达量显著性升高(P＜0.05);肺泡灌洗液中IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α表达量显著性升高(P＜0.05);肺部组织出现充血出血,支气管壁破损、肺泡腔有大量炎性渗出物等病理变化,并伴有AQP3、AQP5表达量显著性降低(P＜0.05),MUC5AC表达量显著性升高的现象(P＜0.05).这一结果提示此法能够引起大鼠渗出性肺炎,且时间短、操作简便、动物个体间效果稳定,可用于渗出性肺炎大鼠模型的建立.

Gandan oral liquid (GOL) is a mixture of crude extracts from licorice and Radix isatidis. Clinically, it has been widely used in the treatment of exudative pneumonia (EP) in animals. But the molecular mechanism of these effects is unclear. Therefore, antibacterial activity and therapeutic effect were tested in vitro and in vivo. Exudative pneumonia was established with the intraperitoneal injection of LPS, followed by continuous intranasal inoculation of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP). After that, Gandan oral liquid, acetylcysteine, and levofloxacin were given through the intragastric route for five days, and clinical symptoms were observed and counted. The bacterial content of alveolar lavage fluid was determined, hematology analysis was performed, and lung histology examination was performed. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression levels of AQP3, AQP5, and MUC5AC in lung tissues. ELISA kit was used to detect serum and BALF cytokines levels. The results showed that GOL (242 mg/mL) had no antibacterial activity on Klebsiella pneumonia (KP), and the effect was significantly worse than levofloxacin. However, the therapeutic test in vivo of the rat model of bacterial EP showed different results. After treatment, GOL administration ameliorated EP and increased the expression of mucoprotein -5AC (MUC5AC), and GOL promoted water secretion of the respiratory tract by increasing the expression of aquaporin-5 (AQP5) and decreasing the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β). Conclusion. GOL accelerates the water secretion of respiratory tract, inhibits the inflammatory response, induces removal of bacteria of respiratory tract via the AQPs/MUC pathway, and ultimately ameliorates EP.

为研究复方白头翁散对鹅源沙门菌优势流行株的抑制效果.2017年5月—2018年7月共收集扬州、滁州和泰州等10个地区送检的病死鹅的肝脏、胆汁和盲肠内容物等病料共计214份,随即进行沙门菌的分离鉴定.结果显示:沙门菌分离率为23.4％(50/214),其中鼠伤寒沙门菌占60％(30/50),为优势血清型;药敏试验结果显示,36株沙门菌具多重耐药性,其中鼠伤寒沙门菌占20株;结晶紫染色试验结果显示,86.7％(26/30)的鼠伤寒沙门菌能够形成生物被膜;体外试验结果显示,复方白头翁散对鼠伤寒沙门菌最小抑菌浓度(MIC)范围为23.44～375.00 mg/mL,最小杀菌浓度(MBC)范围为46.87～375.00 mg/mL;93.75 mg/mL复方白头翁散可抑制此26株细菌生物被膜的形成.结果表明鼠伤寒沙门菌是鹅源沙门菌优势血清型,也是感染鹅的一个重要的病原体,复方白头翁散能有效地抑制鼠伤寒沙门菌.

为了解江苏某种鸡场鸡白痢沙门菌分离株的药敏性及其与耐药基因的相关性,采用K-B法测定96株鸡白痢沙门菌分离株对9类21种抗菌药物的敏感性,通过PCR方法检测分离株的6类药物的10种耐药基因,并对分离株的药敏性与耐药基因的相关性进行分析.结果 表明:所有鸡白痢沙门菌分离株均有不同程度的耐药现象,其中对萘啶酸(95.83％)、氨苄西林(55.21％)和链霉素(39.58％)的耐药率较高,且56.25％的分离株呈多重耐药.36.46％的分离株可检出耐药基因,共检出7种耐药基因,分别为aadA1 (26.04％)、blaCMY-2 (11.46％)、sul2 (11.46％)、blaTEM-1 (9.38％)、tetA (4.17％)、strA (3.13％)和qnr (3.13％).与药敏性符合率较高的耐药基因依次为cat1 (93.75％)、tetA(73.96％)、tetC (71.88％)、sul2 (68.75％)和sul1 (67.71％).这一研究提示该种鸡场鸡白痢沙门菌耐药情况较为严重,但耐药基因携带率较低,且耐药基因检测结果与药敏性并不完全符合.

为筛选出理想的鸡白痢沙门氏菌宿主感染模型的建立方法,本研究通过选择不同接种方式配合不同菌液浓度接种不同胚龄鸡胚建立感染模型,将90枚SPF鸡胚随机分成9组,每组10枚,分别为A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、I组,A组为空白对照组,其余各组为模型组,模型组分别以气室接种、蛋壳接触接种的方式对不同胚龄(11和14胚龄)SPF鸡胚接种不同浓度(1×103、3×103、9×103、3×103、9×105 CFU/mL)的鸡白痢沙门氏菌C79-3菌株.每天观察情况直至出雏,待雏鸡孵出后按组分笼饲养,每隔12 h观察1次,连续观察7d,观察各组雏鸡的临床症状、死亡情况,观察期结束对死亡和存活雏鸡进行剖检、组织病理学检查及鸡白痢沙门氏菌的分离鉴定.结果 显示,各模型组均有雏鸡出现明显的鸡白痢病症状并死亡,相较于其他模型组,以11胚龄蛋壳接触感染方式接种9×105 CFU/mL的C79-3菌液的F组和14胚龄气室感染方式接种3×103 CFU/mL C79-3菌液0.1 mL的H组,鸡胚出壳率较高,可分别达到80％和90％,出壳雏鸡呈现明显鸡白痢病特征,剖检可见肝脏出血、盲肠膨大、卵黄囊吸收不良;组织病理切片可观察到肝脏、盲肠、心脏各有不同程度的损伤,发病率分别100％和88.8％,并且鸡白痢沙门氏菌阳性检出率分别达70％和90％.本研究结果表明,以11胚龄蛋壳接触感染方式接种0.1 mL 9×105 CFU/mL的C79-3菌液和14胚龄以气室感染方式接种0.1 mL 3×103 CFU/mL的C79-3菌液的两种方法均可用于建立稳定的鸡白痢沙门氏菌宿主感染模型.

考察博落回生物碱对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效.选取210只14日龄苏新1号蛋鸡公雏,随机分成7组,即博落回生物碱低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组,金霉素组,四味穿心莲散组,阳性对照组,阴性对照组.于15日龄接种大肠杆菌,于攻毒后12 h各给药组分别饲喂添加了相对应药物的饲料,其中博落回生物碱低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组分别按1％、2％、3％的剂量混饲,金霉素组按0.3％添加,四味穿心莲散组按1％添加,阳性对照组和阴性对照组饲喂普通全价饲料,连续给药5d;20-26日龄继续观察期饲喂无任何添加的普通全价饲料.观察期结束,分别统计各组的死亡率、有效率、治愈率及料重比.临床疗效试验结果显示,博落回生物碱低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组试验鸡的死亡率分别是16.67％、13.33％、6.67％,显著低于阳性对照组和四味穿心莲散组(30％),并且随剂量增加死亡率下降;有效率分别是80.0％、86.67％和80.0％,治愈率分别是46.67％、63.33％和73.33％,与阳性药物对照组相比中剂量组、高剂量组的有效率和治愈率均有所提高,且显著高于阳性对照组(P＜0.05).在料肉比方面,博落回生物碱的3个剂量组的料肉比分别为2.92、2.87、2.80,显著低于阳性对照组(4.07)、四味穿心莲散组(3.51),略低于金霉素对照组(2.92).结果 提示博落回生物碱在雏鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗中具有良好的效果,同时可以提高雏鸡的生长性能.

针灸是我国传统医学的重要组成部分,兽医针灸技术在我国应用已有数千年的历史[1].如今针灸医学已在140多个国家和地区得到应用与重视,特别在西方发达国家发展迅速[2].早在1996年,美国兽医学会通过"可择医学及补助医学规范",强调针灸是兽医学不可缺少的一部分[3],目前,世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)已认定超过40种动物疾病可应用针灸疗法.近年来,不断有国外学者来我国交流针灸疗法在兽医临床中的应用,甚至教授针灸技术;而国内针灸疗法在兽医临床中的应用占比仍较低,且临床从事人员基数小、综合素质不高的现象普遍存在(国内外中兽医学发展现状可参考郭世宁教授的相关分析[4]).另外,伴随现代医学的迅猛发展,学生对针灸、中药发挥作用的原理及疗效产生怀疑且学习动力不足,甚至一些学生对传统医学产生排斥心理.因此,在有限的教学资源条件下,对中兽医学本科教学提出了更高的要求.本教研室通过结合研究性教学、案例教学、针灸实操考核的方式对本科中兽医学课程的针灸实验内容进行了教学方法的改革,该方法极大的提高了学生对传统医学的学习兴趣,吸引了更多的学生参与到中兽医科研、临床实践工作中来,提升了中兽医理论课程的教学效果.现将近年来的教学经验进行总结,以供参考.

传统中草药博落回,在农业领域能够杀虫杀蛆;在医药领域能减轻疼痛、改善免疫系统功能、抗菌抗炎、抗肿瘤等;在兽医临床上博落回提取物作为饲料添加剂可以有效促进动物生长.通过查阅近几年的文献资料,对博落回化学成分、药理作用、在兽医临床上的应用等方面进行综述,为博落回的综合开发利用提供依据.

选择80只36周龄产蛋种母鸡,按产蛋率相近的原则随机分成4组,分别为对照组(试验1组)和受试药推荐剂量1、3、5倍组(试验2、3、4组),分别按博普总碱散0、400、1200、2000mg· kg-1(饲料)的剂量混饲给予,连用10d,通过观测给药前、给药9～10 d和休药5～6 d的母鸡产蛋率、种蛋品质及受精率、孵化率和出壳苗鸡健康状况、体重等指标,考察博普总碱散对种鸡及其种蛋是否存在生殖毒性.结果 表明:与对照组相比,给予受试药物1、3、5倍剂量的3个试验组种鸡产蛋率、种蛋重、蛋壳强度、蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色及哈氏单位等蛋品质指标均无显著差异;与给药前和对照组种蛋受精率及孵化率相比,3个试验组在给药后9～10 d及休药5～6 d种蛋的受精率和孵化率有显著提高.这一研究提示博普总碱散对种鸡及种蛋的繁殖性能具有较好的安全性,且能提高种蛋的受精率和孵化率.

目的:通过对七子白进行皮肤用药毒性试验,探讨七子白的皮肤用药安全性,为临床研究提供理论依据.方法:均采用白色Wistar大鼠,(1)皮肤急性毒性试验将30只大鼠随机分为5组,每组6只,分别为空白组、七子白完整皮肤高、低剂量组、七子白破损皮肤高、低剂量组,给药一次,观察7天.(2)皮肤刺激试验将30只大鼠随机分为5组,每组6只;分别空白组、七子白完整皮肤和破损皮肤组、阳性药物完整皮肤和破损皮肤组,单次刺激,多次刺激连续给药7天.(3)皮肤过敏试验将18只大鼠随机分为3组,每组6只,分别空白组、七子白组、阳性药物组.结果:皮肤急性毒性试验结果中大鼠未发现毒性反应;单次刺激及多次刺激结果显示,七子白对完整和破损皮肤无刺激性,刺激反应评分为0.过敏试验中,阳性药物的致敏率为100％,七子白的致敏率为0.结论:七子白无明显副作用,是一个安全有效的皮肤美白外用方.

Extract protein from Se enriched Ligustrum lucidum fruits to research its effects on proliferation of PBL and cytokine secretion.The result showed that two kinds of protein both promoted lymphocyte proliferation under the stimulation of ConA,and increased with an increase of protein concentration.When the concentration of the protein was higher than 400μg/ml,the changes were significant compared with the control group (P＜0.05),and the effect of Se-enriched Ligustrum lucidum fruits protein was better than the Ligustrum lucidum fruits protein with significant the difference(P＜0.05).The concentration of IL-2,IL-4,IL-6 and IFN-γ of Se-enriched group was significant higher than the control group(P＜0.05),the IL-4 concentration was significant higher than the control group(P＜0.01).The IL-4 and IFN-γ concentration of LLF (Ligustrum lucidum fruits protein)group were also significant higher than the control group(P＜0.05).It is showed that the Se enriched Ligustrum lucidum fruits protein can improve the activitiy of the PBL and the secretion of cytokines.

选取12~20日龄感染流行性腹泻病毒腹泻猪,采用复方中药和西药抗生素进行临床治疗,治疗结束后取胃底部、十二指肠中段、空肠中段、回肠中段和结肠中段,通过场发射扫描电镜和透射电镜对比观察消化道病变;取回肠,通过免疫组化法检测琥珀酸脱氢酶、单胺氧化酶、5′-核苷酸酶和Na+-K+-ATP酶活性变化.场发射扫描电镜观察结果表明,中药治疗猪未见异常,西药治疗猪十二指肠黏膜表面见少量黏附的大肠杆菌.透射电镜观察结果表明,中药治疗猪细胞结构接近正常,无严重细胞损伤,但细胞微丝管、骨架等结构不如健康猪清晰;西药治疗猪消化道可见内质网损伤,内质网和高尔基体断裂,核形态和核染色质异常.琥珀酸脱氢酶、单胺氧化酶和Na+-K+-ATP酶检测结果均为中药治疗猪酶活性显著高于西药治疗猪.由结果可以推测,复方中药治疗猪流行性腹泻的良好效果可能与保护线粒体、稳定细胞结构、稳定膜结构、调整酶活性和抗继发感染有关.

A total of 56 12-20 day-old pigs which infected by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus were treated with Chinese medicine and western medicine antibiotic.The therapeutic effect was evaluated by the observation of cure time,body weight changes,cure rate and recurrence rate.The therapeutic effect was further determined and the mechanism was explored by paraffin sections of stomach,duodenum,jejunum,ileum and colon of pigs treated with Chinese medicine and western medicine antibiotics.Serum levels changes of TGF-α,TGF-β,IgM,IgA,IgG,IL-1 and IL-4 were compared after treatment with the untreated results.Clinical treatment result:Chinese medicine treatment group in an average of 4.42 days to cure,86.67％ cure rate,0.00％ recurrence rate,0.59％ maximum weight decreased,22.44％ weight increased at 11 days,thewestern medicine antibiotics treatment group in an average of 4.91 days to cure,84.61％ cure rate,7.69％ recurrence rate,5.08％ maximum weight decreased,compared with the traditional Chinese medicine group the difference was significant(P＜0.01),20.94％ weight increased at 11 days.Paraffin section results:The pig of Chinese medicine treatment was basically returned to normal after treated.Inflammato ry response was obvious while pig after western medicine antibiotics treated,and the progress of mucosal repaired was slow.Serum index results:IgM of Chinese medicine treatment group and western medicine antibiotics treatment group was significantly higher than treated before,IL-1 of Chinese medicine treatment group and western medicine antibiotics treatment group was significantly lower than treated before,IL-4 of western medicine antibiotics treatment group was significantly higher than treated before.Chinese medicine is effective in the treatment of porcine epidemic diarrhea,it can accelerate the tissue repair,reduce the inflammatory reaction,protect the mitochondria,stabilize the cell structure and regulate the immunity.

Chlamydia psittaci is a causative agent of psittacosis,which can infect a wide range of hosts including birds and humans.However,information regarding C.psittaci infection in pigeons is scarce.In the present study,a total of 399 fecal samples from pigeons were collected from Jilin Province,northeastern China,between March and May 2015,and examined by nested PCR amplification of outer membrane protein A (ompA) gene.The overall Chlamydiosis prevalence was 5.01％ (21/399),with 3.19％ in Changchun City and 9.40％ in Jilin City.Furthermore,breed was the major risk factor associated with Chlamydia infection in pigeon,boiler pigeons had a prevalence of 7.49％,whereas no C.psittaci was detected in racing pigeons.Sequence analysis of the ompA gene revealed that all the identified isolates represented C.psittaci genotype B.Our results firstly indicated the presence of zoonotic C.psittaci in boiler pigeons in Jilin Province,northeastern China,and effective measures should be implemented to reduce the risk of C.psittaci transmission from pigeons to humans.

为了观察苦参止痢颗粒对犬细小病毒病的治疗作用,试验以水平感染的犬作为动物模型,将其分为中药组、西药组、阳性组和空白组,用苦参止痢颗粒和西药进行治疗,观察临床症状、病理解剖和组织病理学切片.结果表明:苦参止痢颗粒和西药都能控制犬细小病毒病,其中中药组没有出现血痢症状,组织病理学切片观察肠道组织也没有明显出血,并且维持了肠绒毛结构的完整性.说明苦参止痢颗粒能抑制犬细小病毒引起的肠黏膜损伤和出血性病变,对犬细小病毒病可达到治愈的作用.

为研究富硒女贞子对山羊生产性能、血液学和血清生化指标的影响，选取30只山羊随机均分为5组，其中C 组饲喂基础日粮，CLL 组基础日粮中添加女贞子30 g／（只·d），LSLL 组、MSLL 组、HSLL 组基础日粮中分别添加富硒女贞子10、30、50 g／（只·d），给药组于试验开始的第5天给药，连续5 d。进行产奶量、血液中 WBC、RBC、HGB 含量、血清中 TP、ALB、ALT、AST、CK、LDH 的水平测定。结果显示：富硒女贞子和普通女贞子均能提高山羊的产奶量，在试验1～7 d、22～38 d 产奶量增长率由大到小的排序为：LSLL 组＞MSLL 组＞HSLL 组＞CLL 组＞C 组；CLL 组能显著提高山羊 RBC（P ＜0．05），MSLL 组、CLL 组均能显著提高山羊 HGB 含量（P ＜0．05）；LSLL 组、MSLL 组、HSLL 组和CLL 组均能显著提高山羊血清中 TP 含量（P ＜0．05），LSLL 组、MSLL 组和 CLL 组均能显著提高山羊血清中 ALB 含量（P ＜0．05），LSLL 组能显著降低血清中 AST 活性（P ＜0．05）；添加富硒女贞子对山羊 WBC 含量、ALT、CK、LDH 活性均无显著影响（P ＞0．05）。说明日粮中添加富硒女贞子在提高山羊产奶量的同时，亦提高了血液 RBC、HGB 和血清TP、ALB 的含量，降低了血清 AST 活性，对山羊 WBC、ALT、CK、LDH 活性影响不明显。

采用薄层扫描法对新鲜苦参和商品苦参的水提液和醇提液中的苦参碱和氧化苦参碱进行了含量测定并比较.结果显示,新鲜苦参水提液中苦参碱含量为0.198％,氧化苦参碱含量为0.373％,其醇提液中苦参碱含量为0.095％,氧化苦参碱含量为0.508％;而商品苦参水提液中苦参碱含量为0.034％,氧化苦参碱含量为0.355％,其醇提液中苦参碱含量为0.020％,氧化苦参碱含量为0.577％.结果表明,新鲜苦参中苦参碱含量约是商品苦参的5倍,且水提法明显优于醇提法;而两者的氧化苦参碱含量则相近,且醇提法显著优于水提法,这为苦参碱和氧化苦参碱的提取生产工艺优化提供了实验依据.