环境监测课程是高校环境类专业本科教学的基础必修课程。课程内容繁杂，理论与实践性强，学生学习难度大。通过课程过程性改革和环节把控，不仅有利于及时掌握学生学习情况，而且便于掌握教学效果，有利于教师调整教学方法，对知识点进行梳理与补充，提高课程教学质量。

农业相关专业的教育教学中,生态课的教育教学工作在可持续发展的宏观背景下处于非常重要的位置.在课程教学中,教师要将学生放在核心位置,提升学生主观上的生态环保意识,从思想引导和教育的维度完成生态学课程的教学任务,激发学生主观上对于课程的重视程度以及实践学习积极性.本研究首先分析了农业生态学课程中思政教育元素和内容的必要性,随后结合农业生态学课程的实际情况探讨了思政教育与之融合时需要引起充分重视的教学内容,借由合理的教学设计、科学的方法应用以及有针对性的实践教育引导,实现农业生态学课程与思想政治教育有效融合的目标,最终提升学生主观上对课程的重视程度,激发学生的实践积极性与责任感.

环境影响评价能够从源头有效预防环境污染和生态破坏.基于环境影响评价课程培养目标,以卓越环评工程师为导向,以学生为中心,利用现代信息技术,构建"课前线上自主学习+课中课堂探究协作+课后线上拓展评价"的混合式教学模式.教学实践表明,混合式教学促进了在线自主学习与课堂协作学习的有机融合,激发了学生的学习热情与课堂活力,重构了教学过程和师生关系,实现了统一性和多样性、浅层学习与高阶思维以及知识性和价值性相统一.

课程是本科教育的基石，是人才培养的核心要素。基于人才培养目标和课程教学现状，分别从混改背景、设计思路、教学设计和实施等方面展开了基于线上线下相结合的环境科学概论课程混合式教学探索。实践表明，混合式教学有助于学生知识、能力、素质的“宽厚”融合，提高了学生自主学习能力、协作互助能力和高阶思维能力。

采用样带调查方法对古尔班通古特沙漠南缘的3种典型生境(沙垄顶部、人工沙障和积沙平缓处)的准噶尔无叶豆(Eremosparton songoricum)群落特征和物种多样性进行调查.结果 表明,准噶尔无叶豆群落中包含19个物种,隶属于11科18属,单种科、单种属多,区系优势现象明显;依据Dufrene和Legendre的计算方法将准噶尔无叶豆群落划分为3个群丛:准噶尔无叶豆十白茎绢蒿十角果藜群丛、囊果薹草十准噶尔无叶豆十黑沙蒿群丛和准噶尔无叶豆十艾比湖沙拐枣十蛇麻黄群丛;植物区系种类以北温带广布成分占优势,主要特点为:具有典型的旱生植物分布特征;植物组成主要为适沙和耐旱的种类,结构、层次单调;准噶尔无叶豆群落多样性指数和丰富度指数均表现为积沙平缓处最高,沙垄顶部次之,人工沙障处最低,优势度指数则表现为相反的趋势.物种的丰富度指数、多样性指数与群落的结构以及立地环境条件等有密切的关系,结构复杂的群落较其他群落的多样性指数高,但由于人工沙障的特殊生境所形成的准噶尔无叶豆单优群落物种多样性指数则较低.

密花柽柳具有两季开花现象,对自然生境下密花柽柳的春花期及夏花期3个阶段种子的萌发特性进行了探究,结果表明:春花期及夏花期3个阶段的种子萌发率和萌发速度都随着NaCl浓度的增加而降低,直至不萌发;春花期种子的耐盐能力及恢复萌发率均低于夏花期3个阶段,夏花早期种子的耐盐萌发能力最高,恢复萌发率整体低于50％;PEG-6000干旱胁迫下,春花期及夏花期3个阶段的种子萌发率和萌发速率均低于对照组;春花期种子的耐旱能力低于夏花期3个阶段,夏花中期的种子耐旱性最高,恢复萌发率整体高于50％;春、夏两季种子及夏花期不同阶段种子的萌发特性会随着季节推移而明显不同,该生态特性能够帮助密花柽柳种子适应频繁的盐胁迫和干旱胁迫的生境,是其成功定居的重要原因之一.

选择干旱区玛纳斯河流域绿洲长期连作棉田(20年)为研究对象,研究连作棉田(CM),采用轮作玉米(YL)、轮作大豆(DL)、玉米-大豆间作(YDJ)和休闲免耕(XX)4种轮作模式对农田土壤团聚体及酶活性的影响.结果表明,不同轮作模式均以D53-250团聚体含量最高,团聚体含量分布范围为39％～ 53％;相比连作棉田,短期轮作玉米和轮作大豆模式土壤过氧化氢酶与脲酶酶活性增强.轮作大豆和轮作玉米模式中土壤过氧化氢酶活性在D250团聚体中最高;在不同轮作模式下,蔗糖酶活性表现为D250＞D53-250＞D53,随着团聚体粒级的减小,蔗糖酶的活性降低;磷酸酶活性顺序表现为D250＞ D53＞D53-250.不同轮作模式均能影响土壤酶活性,团聚体酶活性均集中在大团聚体中.大豆轮作和玉米轮作有利于酶活性的增强,可作为长期连作棉田短期轮作倒茬的首选模式.

随着农业环境污染问题日益突出，农业环保类专业中环境监测与评价课程群建设，不仅关系到农业环境安全保障，也对人才培养提出了更高的要求。通过对课程群建设依据、建设思路和建设框架的研究，突出农业资源与环境专业环境理论与实践课程的系统性，建立以综合应用能力为本位确定教学内容结构的体系，为培养应用型人才提供可靠的保障。

通过新疆玛纳斯河流域盐渍化弃耕地植被恢复定位试验,研究人工草地、单作农田、林粮间作、林地4种恢复模式对土壤理化性质及生物学特性的影响.结果表明,4种弃耕地恢复模式均显著增加土壤养分含量,其中林粮间作＞单作农田＞人工草地＞林地＞弃耕地(CK).林粮间作及人工草地土壤微生物数量较多,分别为1.6×106 CFU/g和1.1×106 CFU/g.土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶活性均增加,说明3种酶活性与植被恢复互为正效应.不同恢复模式可以增加土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)与土壤微生物生物量氮含量,人工草地、单作农田、林粮间作、林地4种模式土壤微生物量碳含量分别比CK增加1.36,1.26,1.42,1.23倍,微生物量氮含量增加1.48,1.13,1.88,1.09倍.人工草地和林地模式显著提高土壤微生物量熵(QMBC).研究表明,林粮间作和人工草地土壤的改良效果较佳,可作为盐碱地生态恢复的首选模式.

以干旱区新疆玛纳斯河流域冲积扇缘定点定位试验地为研究对象,研究灌溉处理、人工草地处理和补植处理对盐渍化弃耕地土壤微生物量、酶活性及土壤呼吸速率的影响。结果表明,不同恢复方式均明显增加了土壤微生物数量和土壤微生物量碳、氮及土壤酶活性。不同处理土壤微生物量碳、氮分别比原始弃耕地高17.80%、26.38%、5.33%和7.89%、12.75%、21.93%;不同处理土壤微生物数量分别是原始弃耕地的4.72倍、6.04倍和4.56倍;不同处理土壤蔗糖酶活性分别比原始弃耕地高3.4倍、3.2倍和7.7倍,多酚氧化酶活性比原始弃耕地高1.7倍、1.2倍和1.5倍,脲酶活性比原始弃耕地高11.1%、52.3%和37.1%;灌溉处理土壤过氧化氢酶活性最高,是原始弃耕地的1.53倍,土壤呼吸速率变化表现为人工草地处理＞灌溉处理＞补植处理＞原始弃耕地,其中,人工草地处理土壤呼吸速率比弃耕地高52.25%。相关分析表明,微生物量碳与微生物C/N和微生物数量之间均呈显著正相关关系（P＜0.05）;土壤呼吸速率与土壤脲酶、微生物数量和微生物量碳的相关性达到显著水平（P＜0.05）,与土壤微生物量氮呈负相关关系,但相关性不显著;土壤蔗糖酶与其他3种酶以及微生物量氮呈显著正相关关系,土壤脲酶与微生物数量呈显著正相关关系,多酚氧化酶与过氧化氢酶相关性达到显著水平（P＜0.05）。本研究表明干旱区盐渍化弃耕地采用灌溉与人工草地处理有利于土壤养分积累,可在一定程度上改善土壤质量。

The paper explores how the system theory could be applied to classroom teaching of the oasis agro ecology with aid of systematic view,hel ps student master the knowledge system of the oasis agro ecology and holds struc ture and function of oasis mountain-basin system.

环境监测实践教学是环境监测人才培养的重要环节,基于复合型人才培养需要,根据石河子大学不同专业的具体情况,对环境监测课程的实践教学体系进行了构建和优化,通过优化促进人才培养与社会需求的良性互动。

This paper took the abandoned salinization farmland in Shihezi oasis of Manas River Valley as research object,and analyzed the changes of vegetation diversity,microorganism quantity and soil chemical properties under the artificial recovery,natural recovery,half artificial recovery(fence recovery mode and fence hydrating recovery mode).Results:The soil salinity fell significantly under the artificial recovery,38.6%,54.0% and 29.6% lower than natural,fence and fence hydrating recovery modes.Half artificial recovery mode had good effect in vegetation types and biomass on abandoned farmland,but fence and fence hydrating recovery modes had the maximum similarity coefficient 0.53,the minimum opposite coefficient 0.47,so the fence recovery can be used as a more economic choice in ecological reconstruction.Artificial recovery mode had the largest quantity of microorganism,as high as 1.1921 million per gram soil;natural recovery mode had the lowest,0.3563 million per gram soil.Correlation analysis showed that:the soil microorganism quantity had a significant positive correlation with soil moisture content and the ground vegetation diversity.Fence mode had obvious effects on the short-term recovery of the abandoned farmland,but in the long run,filling water to improve soil moisture would play a key role.

The field plot experiment in Yili area has been carried out to research the influence of biogas fluid on soil fertility in oasis farmland in 1 year.The results showed that the biogas fluid irrigation decreased topsoil bulk density and soil pH,improved soil structure and sodic soil.The biogas fluid irrigation could also increase the content of topsoil organic matter,total N,total P,total K,ammonia nitrogen and nitrate content,available P and available K was promoted remarkably.However,there were potential risk of soil secondary salinization with the increase of the biogas fluid irrigation year.

随着环境监测内容的扩展,"环境监测"课程在不同的专业开设,由于专业背景的差异,对课程设置背景、课程内容、课程教学环节和教学模式等进行教学研究探讨,有助于师生在教学条件和教学成果不断发展过程中探索新的教学模式,推动"环境监测"课程的教学改革和实践达到一个新的高度。

该文结合环境监测课程特点和环境监测专业人才培养的实际需求,探讨了环境监测课程教学实习的实习区域选择和实习模式的优化,通过课程教学实践,培养具有较强实践能力和创新意识的应用型人才。

Based on urbanized level and the ecological environment quality rating index from 2000 to 2005,urban system was analyzed quantitatively by the method of Delphi used to decide the weight of all factors.The results indicated that the positive index which contains forest coverage,average per capita water capacity,proportion of water area and grassland index and the negative index which contains precipitation variability and the air pollution index were gradually worse,whereas the positive index which contains proportion of tertiary-industry and the per capita GDP and the negative index which contains desertification index,farmland index,population density,Engel's coefficient,index of surface water quality and emission rate of solid wastes were gradually better,among which water channel density was the most important,next was vegetation coverage during the urbanization course.Now urbanization and the ecological environment system of Shihezi city stay in the low-coordinated stage and in initial period of urbanization,so the urban system may be able to restore through the self-purification of ecological environment.

该文针对生态学的学科特点,分析了生态学教学改革的迫切性,从教学内容、教学方法、教学手段、考核方式和实习实践五个方面探索性地论证了生态教学改革的主要内容,为培养创新型人才,更好的服务于专业基础课程教学改革服务。

Three strains of bacteria were isolated with crude oil as sole carbon source from oil contaminated soil of Kelamayi.Strains DM-1 and DM-3 both belonged to Bacillus sp.and strains DM-2 belonged to Pseudomonaa sp.identified by momhological and biological tests.The oil degradation rates of three strains were 59.02%,62.02% and 73.51% respectively.The experiments of oil displacement,surface tension and the emulsion stability showed that biosurfactant produced by three bacterial strains could reduce the surface tension and had high emulsification activity.The experimental results indicated that three strains produced biosurfactant composed of lipopeptides and lipoproteins which was the mode of growth correlativity.Biosurfactant produced in their logarithmic growth period could reach its maximum concentration which was1.78 g/L,2.15g/L and 2.75g/L respectively in 48 hours.

绿洲学学科建设是一项由诸多要素组成的系统工程。在高度综合、交叉、渗透的情境下,如何系统地组建绿洲学特色学科教学与科研创新团队,对解决区域重大技术和社会问题具有现实意义。针对当前绿洲学学科建设和发展过程中存在的问题,参考国内外高校创新团队建设的方法,围绕提升学科组织核心能力,从人才梯队、学科建设与管理、学科特色研究方向等方面阐述了新疆石河子大学绿洲学特色学科教学与科研团队的建设,使人才和资源优势得以有效组织起来,立足兵团农业,为新疆经济社会和科技发展做出贡献。