Ultra-low permeability high-pour-point reservoirs are characterized by high pour points, high viscosity, and high wax content. These "three-high" properties severely hinder fluid flow, result in low oil recovery efficiency, and lead to complex and heterogeneous residual oil distributions, posing significant challenges to enhancing recovery. To investigate the microscopic flow behavior of different displacement agents and their influence on residual oil distribution and occurrence patterns, this study employs a self-developed high-resolution microfluidic visualization system to conduct comparative experiments using three typical injectants: water, oxygen-reduced air, and CO2. By combining high-magnification metallographic microscopy with depth-of-field reconstruction techniques, multi-scale quasi-3D residual oil distribution images were obtained under various displacement conditions, enabling direct characterization of oil phase migration pathways, interfacial evolution processes, and residual oil occurrence states. Experimental results show that CO2 injection demonstrates the most favorable microscopic displacement performance. Its strong dissolution and swelling capacity, effective viscosity reduction, and ability to improve rock wettability significantly enhance oil desorption and mobilization. Oxygen-reduced air ranks second in effectiveness; its displacement efficiency is improved through a combined mechanism of gas expansion and low-temperature oxidation, which activates oil–rock interfaces and promotes oil phase movement. In contrast, waterflooding shows the lowest efficiency, with the displacement front constrained and residual oil primarily trapped in micropores and non-dominant flow channels, where it is discretely distributed and difficult to mobilize. Subsequent core-scale displacement experiments were conducted to verify the macroscopic cumulative effect of the observed microscopic mechanisms, confirming the intrinsic correlation between micro-scale displacement behavior and field-scale recovery performance. The study reveals the distinct displacement mechanisms of different injectants, clarifies the occurrence patterns of residual oil, and identifies key factors that control its distribution and mobilization. These findings provide experimental support and theoretical guidance for the selection of optimal displacement strategies and the design of injection parameters for the efficient development of high-pour-point reservoirs.

Due to the fracture caverns in fractured-vuggy reservoirs, channeling frequently occurs during water injection or gas injection. The stability of the oil–water/oil–gas interface during water injection or gas injection in fractured-vuggy reservoirs significantly affects the displacement efficiency. However, there is a lack of in-depth understanding of the stability of the gas–water interface migration during water injection or gas injection in such reservoirs. In order to deal with this problem, this study combines indoor 3D visualization physical simulation experiment and fracture-cavity reservoir flow simulation. The law of interface transport and oil recovery in the process of injection of gas/water considering the degree of filling of fracture holes was studied and the influence of formation on crude oil viscosity, gas injection speed, inclination angle and other factors on the stability of the interface was compared. Results show that, under the influence of gravity differentiation, the oil–water interface of high-viscosity crude oil fluctuates obviously after water breakthrough, and the oil–water interface tends to be unstable, forming uneven oil cones. By reducing the gas drive speed, water invasion can be effectively inhibited to achieve a stable interface which accordingly improves the oil recovery.

Deep and high-pressure carbonate gas condensate reservoirs develop a large number of cracks and holes, with strong interlayer heterogeneity and complex mechanisms. To clarify the fundamental reasons that affect the development efficiency of such condensate gas reservoirs, we take the typical fractured and vuggy carbonate rock reservoirs in China's S condensate gas field as the object of study, and conduct experiments such as X- ray computed tomography (X-CT) scanning, high- temperature and high- pressure stress- sensitivity testing, and long-core depletion development experiments. From multiple parameters and perspectives, we describe the microscopic changes in the storage and seepage spaces of fractures and vuggy cores, as well as the changing patterns of the underground condensate oil and gas production. According to the research results, the increase in effective stress leads to the contraction and closure of the fractured and vuggy spaces in the core, resulting in a decrease in their size. Under deep, high- pressure conditions, carbonate reservoirs exhibit strong stress sensitivity, and the permeability of the core drops significantly with the increase in the formation's effective stress. The coupling effect of stress sensitivity and retrograde condensation has different impacts on the development effect of different types of cores at different pressure stages. The vuggy cores experience greater changes in storage and seepage spaces, the overall permeability damage is strong, and the condensate oil recovery rate is ultimately lower than that of fractured cores. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the impact of stress sensitivity and retrograde condensation characteristics on the gas reservoir recovery rate. The research results can provide theoretical support for the efficient development of deep, fractured- vuggy carbonate condensate gas reservoirs.

This study examines the quantitative conditions under which an energy metering pricing model is proposed to increase both gas merchant profits and gas customer consumer surplus compared to a volumetric pricing model. The quantitative condition is found to be related to factors such as the standard unit calorific value of natural gas prescribed by the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and other relevant government departments under the energy metering pricing model. This paper establishes a mathematical model based on optimization theory to explore the operational decisions of city gas suppliers in the volumetric and energy metering and pricing modes, respectively, under the condition of relatively stable natural gas sales price. The results of the study show that DAC and other authorities can regulate the standard unit calorific value of natural gas under the energy metering and pricing model by regulating the standard unit calorific value of natural gas. This affects the incentives of gas dealers to produce and operate, guides the preference of gas users for natural gas energy metering and pricing, and results in the derivation of formulas for a reasonable range of standard unit calorific values for natural gas. The findings of this paper provide theoretical support to promote the reform of natural gas energy measurement and pricing, and contribute to the development of the natural gas industry.

During the depletion development of condensate gas reservoirs, when the formation pressure drops below the dew point pressure, the condensate oil and natural gas systems are in the non-equilibrium state of foggy retrograde condensation. The rational use of the non-equilibrium phase characteristics of the foggy retrograde condensation phenomenon during the development process will be beneficial to the recovery of condensate oil and natural gas. In order to clarify the retrograde condensation control mechanism during the non-equilibrium depletion development of condensate gas reservoirs, the phase characteristics of a condensate oil and gas system were studied by constant composition expansion and constant volume depletion experiments. Then, on the basis of a long core depletion experiment and chromatographic analysis experiment, the influence of different pressure drop speeds, fluid properties, and reservoir physical properties on the control effect of non-equilibrium retrograde condensation after the coupling of the fluid retrograde condensation and reservoir core is analyzed. The results show that during the pressure decline process, the condensate oil and gas system will produce a strong foggy retrograde condensation phenomenon, with the saturation of the retrograde condensate increasing and then decreasing. The cumulative recovery of the condensate oil and natural gas, as well as the mass fraction of the heavy components in the condensate oil, increase with the increase in the depletion rate. Different fluid properties and reservoir physical properties have a great influence on the cumulative recovery degree of the condensate oil, and have little influence on the recovery degree of the natural gas. This work has a certain guiding role for the stable production and enhanced recovery of fractured condensate gas reservoirs in subsurface structures of metamorphic rocks.

The implementation of CO2 flooding in heavy oil reservoirs with low-permeability is currently the main comprehensive utilization technology for enhanced oil recovery. However, due to the low viscosity and high mobility of CO2, CO2 flooding in heavy oil reservoirs is prone to premature gas channeling. For this reason, the feasibility of low permeability heavy oil reservoirs with CO2-viscosity reducer to reduce viscosity and improve mobility ratio has been explored, and the mechanism of the combined flooding of CO2 and water-soluble viscosity reducer for low-permeability heavy oil reservoirs to EOR is obtained. The results show that the KD-45A water-soluble viscosity reducer can only emulsify the surface of crude oil to reduce the viscosity without external stirring. The viscosity reduction effect is poor, but the viscosity reducer slug can improve the mobility ratio caused by viscosity differences, which can effectively control the CO2 rushing along the airflow channel. The O/W-shaped emulsion transition zone formed by the emulsification of the water-soluble viscosity reducer has a viscosity close to the water phase, which can prevent the fingering of the water-soluble viscosity reducer, so that the viscosity reducer slug has a more obvious control and displacement effect on CO2, and the swept area of CO2 is larger. The dissolution of CO2 in the viscosity reducer will reduce the interfacial tension of the CO2-viscosity reducer system, which can give full play to the synergy between the two displacement effect. The formation of carbonized water after CO2 dissolves in the viscosity reducer can greatly reduce the influence of gravity and viscosity differences on the swept area, forming a relatively stable and continuous displacement interface. The displacement mechanisms of the combined flooding system are synergistic and superimposed, which can significantly improve the recovery rate of heavy oil.

流行语作为一种特殊而有趣的语言现象,越来越受到语言研究者关注.现有关于流行语的研究主要集中在词汇、语法、语音学、修辞学、语用学和社会学意义等方面,而对流行语意义建构的认知研究较少.认知模型理论通过组织概念,找出观察对象的结构模式和运作原理,理解语言表达的意义.因此,从认知语言学角度出发,运用认知模型理论对流行语进行详细分析.结果表明,认知模型理论对流行语的意义建构具有较强的解释力,对认知模型理论的阐释和流行语的语言学研究具有一定的参考意义.

以生态翻译学为理论框架,对2020年政府工作报告中的中国文化负载词、中文句式结构差异采用了定性分析和案例分析法,运用三维选择适应转换策略译出具有中国特色文化的词汇和句式,探讨译者如何适应生态环境得出整合性较高的译文.

随着各国文化交流不断增强,字幕翻译研究日益凸显出重要的时代意义.在此背景下,以女性主义翻译理论为基础,对比分析美剧《致命女人》第一季的两个字幕组对翻译策略(女性“意识化”策略、女性“精简化”策略和女性“人物特色化”策略)的优劣,可为女性主义翻译理论的研究以及其他字幕组的翻译提供借鉴.

Geological storage of CO2 is one of the most economical, feasible, and effective measures to slow down global warming. In this study, a combined long core model was designed to study the seepage characteristics of supercritical CO2 displacement. Moreover, the stability of permanent storage of cushion gas layers formed by supercritical CO2 injection has been systematically studied. The research results showed that in the supercritical temperature and pressure range of CO2, the front edge of CO2 displacement can form a relatively stable seepage zone. Supercritical CO2 displacement can achieve a high gas-storage rate and stable CO2 storage. At the same time, the recovery rate of remaining natural gas has been significantly improved. As the injection pressure increased, supercritical CO2 inhibited the reverse diffusion of natural gas molecules. Therefore, the breakthrough of the supercritical CO2 displacement front under a high pressure lagged behind. However, due to the increase in the density difference of gas molecules, the forward diffusion of supercritical CO2 has been enhanced. Temperature will not significantly affect the displacement and storage effects of supercritical CO2 in gas reservoirs. The increase in injection pressure and reasonable control of the injection rate can delay the breakthrough of supercritical CO2 displacement. These measures are conducive to the stable storage of CO2 and the improvement of remaining natural gas recovery. The implementation of CO2 geological storage is suitable for the later stage of gas reservoir depletion development. The high-density gravitational heterogeneity of supercritical CO2 enables the injected CO2 to form a stable high-density cushion gas layer in the gas reservoir, which can achieve stable CO2 storage for more than 100 years.

Fracture-type buried-hill reservoirs refer to dual media which have a fast breakthrough speed and a low sweep efficiency in the process of gas injection displacement. In order to overcome this problem, in this paper, a new profile control and oil displacement technology of pre-slug deep plugging by injection of different levels of nano-microspheres and natural gas was proposed. The mercury intrusion experiments were used to compare the fractal characteristics of the pore structures of the matrix and artificial fractured cores in the buried-hill reservoir. The results show that the heterogeneous characteristics of pores and fractures are the main factors leading to excessive gas breakthrough. Three nanomicrosphere systems (WJ1, WJ2, and WJ3) with good temperature resistance, salt resistance, swelling properties, and stability were prepared using the inverse emulsion method. Core plugging performance tests show that WJ3 has the best plugging effect among the three nano-microsphere systems, followed by WJ2 and WJ1. According to the scanning electron microscopy observations, it was found that the sealing mechanism of nano-microspheres includes direct sealing, bridging sealing, adhesive sealing, direct pass, deformed pass, and crushing pass. Finally, the displacement experiments with a composite fractured core showed that compared with pure natural gas injection, the breakthrough time of the combined displacement process of nano-microspheres and natural gas was greatly extended, and the final oil displacement efficiency was increased to greater than 80%.

胡庚申提出的生态翻译学为翻译研究打开了新视野,从"适应"和"选择"的角度重新解读翻译过程,认为翻译就是译者在翻译过程中进行适应与选择,即翻译适应选择论.在该基本理论上,确立了"三维转换"的翻译方法.文章以生态翻译学理论为指导,依据选择性适应和适应性选择的原则,从语言维、文化维和交际维三个维度来研究美剧《绝望的主妇》(第一季)的字幕翻译,分析译者在字幕翻译中做出的适应与选择,探讨"三维转换"翻译方法在字幕翻译中的使用,从而为今后的字幕翻译者提供借鉴.

以错误分析理论为基础,采用语料库研究方法,对我国中学生英语写作中的被动语态错误进行分类,并从心理视角探析错误产生的原因.研究结果表明:中学生在英语写作中所犯的被动语态错误可分为:语际错误、过度使用错误、忽视规则限制错误、规则不完全使用错误和概念假设错误;产生错误的心理原因主要有语际因素和语内因素,如语言迁移、过度泛化目标语规则、忽视规则限制、简化策略、交际策略等.

自从阿尔法狗打败排名世界第一的围棋冠军柯洁以来,人工智能作为一个热点话题,得到了社会各界人士的广泛关注.随着科学技术的飞速发展,人工智能逐渐开始与各行各业紧密结合,并将改变着各行各业的发展方向.在伦理学的发展中,尤其是在人工智能伦理学的发展中,伦理学的相关主要内容被转换成机器编码的作业.从逻辑思维的层面上来说,这种转变必须要求把语义学的理论作为主要框架.但是,从目前人工智能伦理学的发展情况来看,其所采用的语义学基础理论却存在一定的问题.立足于实际,结合学术研究的成果,对认知语言学、具身性与人工智能伦理学进行了研究和分析.

谚语经过世代相传,千锤百炼,凝结了群众集体智慧,构成语言的精华.英语谚语是英语国家人民劳动生活的指南,蕴涵着气象、畜牧、海洋等多领域知识,具有丰富广大的实用价值;它饱含人们对生活的感受,对自然的认知,还有对人类自身的反省,是知识教育和德育建设的素材,具有充实感人的道德价值;它凝练、简洁、生动、形象,巧用修辞,具有优美珍贵的艺术价值.因此,英语谚语对英语国家人民以及众多英语学习者具有多重社会价值.

近年来,快速发展的人工智能被应用于各行各业.对翻译行业来说,机器翻译的出现为人工翻译带来了机遇与挑战.二者的翻译特点有何异同?翻译行业的未来走向如何?为了研究以谷歌翻译为代表的大数据AI机器翻译和人工翻译在石油科技领域的翻译应用,本论文将《石油科技英语翻译教程》一书作为文本材料,以纽马克的交际翻译理论为指导,对该书部分内容谷歌翻译与书中作者给出的人工翻译进行研究,总结谷歌翻译和人工翻译的优缺点,并就此探讨更理想的翻译方案.

广告是传达广告信息和树立企业品牌形象的方式,广告语的翻译直接影响消费者对商品的购买需求.生态翻译学作为一个日益完善的新生翻译理论,其有关翻译研究的论述为商业广告翻译提供了新的理论支撑.本文尝试在三维转换原则指导下,分析部分经典广告的汉译方法,为商业广告翻译拓宽研究视角和加深认知理解.

随着社会经济的发展,时代的进步,科学技术的不断创新,信息时代已经到来,为人们的生活、工作和学习带来了极大的便利.英语是教学目标就是不断的促进学生语言表达能力、创造能力以及综合素质的全面提升,而在信息时代下,英语互动教学模式成为新时期的英语教学目标,只有充分的融合信息技术,做到与时俱进,才能够更好的提升英语教学水平.

多模态语篇的产生是科技发展之必然结果,故语篇分析对象从仅由语言符号构成的单模态语篇向多模态语篇发展是一个必经的历史阶段.作为多模态话语分析理论基础的社会符号学理论使得从系统功能语言学视角分析多模态语篇得以实现.本文以动态多模态广告语篇《老唱片》为例,运用系统功能语言学中Halliday的情景语境理论,从语篇外部环境入手,分析情景语境的三个变量:语场、语旨、语式对多模态语篇语义生成和理解的制约.

In the Big Data Era,based on the popularization and application of bulk data handling techniques,human society has seen significant changes and the translation circle cannot be free from the influence.The analysis begins with influences of the big data technology on the translating activities.In the next section of the paper,the discussion and study focus on "the dynamic variation trend of translator's subjectivity against the background of Big Data Era".Combined with translation theories,the discussion attempts to analyze its internal logic and regularity in the dynamic variation and the causal correlation between the Big Data Era and translator's subjectivity which will be revealed clearly.In the last discussion,the core of this paper will be demonstrated in details.Above all,the aim of this paper is to inspire more researchers to study the new matters and reflect upon new issues related to the translation activities against the background of Big Data Era.