Objective:To investigate the incidence, clinical characteristics and risk factors of growth retardation in pediatric onset IBD patients.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. IBD patients with the age at diagnosis younger than 18 years old were recruited and screened in the Wechat group of patients in 8 IBD medical centers across the country. Demographic, clinical and growth-related data were collected through questionnaire survey, and the incidences of growth retardation at the time of diagnosis and investigation were calculated. According to whether there was growth retardation at the time of investigation, the patients were divided into growth retardation group and non-growth retardation group. The influencing factors of growth retardation were analyzed by the univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results:A total of 97 patients were involved including 8 ulcerative colitis (UC) and 89 Crohn′s disease (CD). There was no growth retardation in UC patients. Among 89 patients with CD, there were 48 males and 41 females, and the age was 15.5 (1.0, 21.0) years old. At the time of investigation, 14 patients (15.7%) with growth retardation were set as the growth retardation group, and 75 without growth retardation were set as the non-growth retardation group. The incidence of growth retardation was 19.0% (16/84) at the time of diagnosis. Univariate analysis results showed that compared with non-growth retardation group, patients in growth retardation group had lower diagnostic age [5.0 (1.0, 13.8) years old vs. 14.0 (12.0, 16.0) years old, P = 0.003], severer disease activity ( P = 0.006), higher proportion of acute gastrointestinal perforation [28.6% (4/14) vs. 2.7% (2/75), P = 0.005], higher proportion of patients in using glucocorticoids [64.3% (9/14) vs. 33.3% (25/75), P = 0.029), and longer time of using glucocorticoids [1.5 (0, 6.5) months vs. 0 (0, 3.0) months, P = 0.040], while the proportion of patients using biological agents was lower [42.9% (6/14) vs. 80.0% (60/75), P = 0.010], and the time of using biological agents was shorter [0 (0, 6.3) months vs. 7.0 (1.0, 12.0) months, P = 0.006]. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the age at diagnosis of CD was still a risk factor for growth retardation after correcting other factors ( OR = 6.909, 95% CI: 1.250-38.195, P = 0.027) . Conclusion:The pediatric onset IBD patients with low diagnostic age are prone to growth retardation, which should be paid attention to.

Objective:To assess the short-term efficacy of ustekinumab (UST) in the treatment of intractable Crohn′s disease (CD) .Methods:Clinical data of intractable CD patients with the administration of UST in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University from March 1st to September 30th, 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. All of the patients started UST at the recommended dose at 0, 8th, 16th/20th weeks. The clinical response and remission were evaluated by Crohn′s disease activity index (CDAI) . The endoscopic response and remission were evaluated by simple endoscopic score for Crohn′s disease (SES-CD) . The life quality was evaluated by inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (IBDQ) . The clinical and endoscopic responses and IBDQ scores were analyzed statistically at 8th week and (or) at 16th/20th week. The differences in body mass index (BMI) , albumin, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) among 0, 8th, 16th/20th weeks after UST treatment were compared and analyzed.Results:A total of 18 CD patients were enrolled, including 12 males and 6 females. The age was 30.5 (26.0, 38.0) years old while the disease duration was 6.5 (1.9, 10.0) years. According to Montreal classification, 15 (83.3%) patients were diagnosed at the age from 17 to 40 years old, the disease involved the ileocolon in 13 (72.2%) patients and the non-stricturing non-penetrating type was in 14 (77.8%) patients. Ten (55.6%) patients were complicated with perianal disease and 6 (33.3%) patients had undergone surgeries. Eleven (61.1%) patients had received treatment of glucocorticoids, 13 (72.2%) patients had received immunosuppressants, and 16 (88.9%) patients had received biologics. The clinical remission was observed in 72.2% (13/18) patients while 77.8% (14/18) had clinical response at 8th week after first use of UST. The clinical remission was observed in 88.9% (16/18) patients while 94.4% (17/18) had clinical response at 16th/20th week. Endoscopic remission rate was 28.6% (4/14) while endoscopic response rate was 78.6% (11/14) at 16th/20th week. The level of BMI [ (21.0 ± 0.5) kg/m 2 and (21.7 ± 0.4) kg/m 2 vs. (19.9 ± 0.6) kg/m 2, all P<0.05], albumin[ (41.7 ± 3.7) g/L and (41.7 ± 3.7) g/L vs. (39.6 ± 4.6) g/L, all P<0.05], and hemoglobin[ (134.9 ± 12.0) g/L and (135.9 ± 12.3) g/L vs. (126.7 ± 15.8) g/L, all P<0.05] at 8th week and at 16th/20th week were increased significantly than those at 0 week. And the CRP at 8th week and at 16th/20th week were significantly lower than that at 0 week [10.2 (5.1, 17.5) mg/L and 7.6 (3.2, 14.7) mg/L vs. 15.5 (12.3, 31.4) mg/L, all P< 0.05]. However, compared with the baseline value at 0 week, there were no significant difference in ESR and IBDQ score at 8th, 16th/20th weeks (all P>0.05) . Conclusion:UST can effectively improve clinical symptoms and ameliorate endoscopic manifestations of intractable CD patients in the short term.

Objective To investigate the clinical diagnostic characteristics of intestinal non-B cell lymphoma and Crohn's disease (CD). Methods The clinical data of 27 patients with intestinal non-B cell lymphoma and 30 CD patients admitted in our hospital from January 2012 to August 2018 were collected and retrospectively analyzed to search for the indexes with statistical significance and further analyze its significance in differential diagnosis. Results Abdominal abscess, fistula, perianal lesions, and intestinal stenosis were more common in the CD group (P < 0.05), while, B symptoms and acute intestinal perforation were more common in lymphoma group (P < 0.05). The platelet count was significantly higher in the CD group than the lymphoma group (P < 0.001). In the endoscopic and intestinal CT images, segmental changes, ileocecal involvement, intestinal stenosis, cobblestone or paving stone-like changes, comb sign, polypoid bulge and Mesangial angiogenesis were more common in the CD group (P < 0.05), while abdominal lymph node fusion was more common in intestinal lymphoma (P < 0.05). Conclusion In clinical practice, in order to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, it is necessary to find the differential diagnosis points of CD and intestinal non-B cell lymphoma by combining small intestinal CT scanning and endoscopy. For the patients suspected of lymphoma, multiple endoscopy and multiple deep-dug biopsies are needed to determine the pathological diagnosis.

Objective To detect the mutation of STK11 in a family with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and harmatoma polypus of all the patients,and 9 exons and noncoding regions of STK11 were amplified by PCR.Cycle sequencing was used to analysis the DNA sequence,and western blot was used to detected the mutational STK11 protein in the harmatoma polypus.Results The 21th codon CAG in exon 5 of STK11 gene transformed to TAG in all the patients,which translated into a truncated STK11 protein.Conclusion This novel mutation is the pathogeny of PJS in this family,which could be an indicator for the diagnosis of PJS in this family.And it may lead to a higher risk of cancer in patients.

Objective To compare the efficacy of bismuth-containing quadruple therapy on H.pylori eradication for 10 days versus 14 days in a randomized controlled trial.Methods A total of 240 patients diagnosed with H.pylori infection were randomly assigned to two groups:treated with esomeprazole,bismuth,clarithromycin and amoxicillin for 10 days(n =117) and for 14 days (n =123).Eradication was defined by rapid urease test or 13C-urea breath test at 4 weeks after drug withdrawal.Results A total of 219 patients were complete the trial.Intention-to-treat(ITT) analysis showed that the eradication rate of 10 and 14 days were 77.8％ (91/117)and 76.4％ (94/123)respectively.Per protocol(PP) analysis indicated that the eradication rate of 10 and 14 days were 85.8％ (91/106) and 83.2％ (94/113) respectively.There was no statistically significant differences between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of adverse events were 7.7％ (9/117)and 9.8％ (12/123),respectively.There was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The eradication rate of bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for 10 days and 14 days were essentially identical,bismuth-containing quadruple therapy for 10 days has a higher potency ratio.

Objective To explore the role of clinical assistants in improving the satisfaction of outpatients and analyze the factors influencing the outpatients'satisfaction. Methods Two groups of outpatients in a tertiary hospital in China were incorporated: with clinical assistant 352 patients and without clinical assistant 350 patients. The satisfaction of the two groups was investigated by questionnaire which was designed refer to previous studies, and the relevant information were collected by the trained health care workers. SPSS23.0 was used for data management and analysis. Results There was no statistically significance of patients'characteristics between the two groups ( P>0.05) . The patients in the group without clinical assistants had a low satisfaction in the following areas: whether been disturbed ( 170 cases, 48. 6％) , one person one clinic ( 200 cases, 57. 1％) , sufficient time ( 184 cases, 52. 6％) , opportunity to ask question ( 201 cases, 57.4％) , satisfied with the answer of doctor ( 192 cases, 54. 9％) . The young and middle-aged patients had lower satisfaction than the elders (P<0.05). Civil servants had lower satisfaction than did patients with other occupations (P<0.05). Patients with a higher education level tended to be more dissatisfied with outpatient services (P<0.05). Patients with FGIDS had a lower satisfaction than did other patients (P<0.05). We observed that there was a significant improvement of satisfaction with the clinical assistants'work (P<0.001). Conclusions This study found that the current outpatient satisfaction needs further improvement. Implementing a trained assistant for a physician is practicable and can increase the satisfaction of outpatients. The patients'satisfaction had a difference between different sociodemographic characteristics.

Objective To study the impact of different low concentrations of cerium oxide for hepatocellular carcinoma cell prolifera-tion.Methods Three different types of hepatoma cells (Huh7, HepG2,7721) were cultured,and added different concentrations of cerium oxide (0.005,0.01,0.05,0.1,1 μg/mL),of which the cell proliferation was detected by CCK8.The apoptosis-related genes was detected by qRT-PCR technology.The cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry.And the effect of low concentration cerium oxide on hepatocellular carci-noma cells tumorigenicity was confirmed by the nude mice experiments.Results CCK8 experiment showed that low concentrations of cerium oxide could promote proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell, especially in concentration of 0.01μg/mL.The qRT-PCR showed that low concentration of cerium oxide could inhibit the apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cell.The flow cytometry analysis had not found any effect of cerium oxide on cell cycle.The tumorigenicity experiments confirmed that low concentrations of cerium oxide could enhance the tumorigenic ability of hepatocellular carcinoma cell.Conclusion Low concentration of cerium oxide can significantly improve the proliferation of liver cancer cells.

目的 探讨在静脉补充常规剂量谷氨酰胺的基础上,管饲补充一定剂量的谷氨酰胺对重症胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)患者血清蛋白水平改善有无叠加效应.方法 将92例SAP患者按随机数字表法分成病例组和对照组,每组46例.患者均在入院48 ～ 72 h内给予营养支持,病例组静脉常规补充谷氨酰胺双肽20 g/L(谷氨酰胺13.25 g),再管饲营养液(谷氨酰胺2.5 g/125 mL);对照组仅静脉常规补充谷氨酰胺.观察2组患者营养支持前后的总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)、血红蛋白(HGB)、总淋巴细胞计数(TLC)等指标的变化情况.结果 与对照组相比,病例组患者血清中ALB、PA、TLC明显升高(P＜0.05),HGB降低明显减少(P＜0.05).结论 在静脉常规补充谷氨酰胺的基础上,管饲一定剂量谷氨酰胺可以产生增加蛋白合成的叠加效应.

目的:探讨活血化瘀中药注射剂、螺内酯、肝素等药物与上消化道出血的危险关系.方法:选择临床诊断为上消化道出血的患者912例作为病例组,将同期住院的未发生消化道出血患者1 824例按性别匹配对照组.比较两组患者临床特征及用药差异,采用非条件Logistic回归法对上消化道出血的危险因素进行多因素分析.结果:活血化瘀类中成药、螺内酯、肝素、阿司匹林、氢氯吡格雷、华法林、非选择性非甾体抗炎药、皮质类固醇激素致上消化道出血的调整后比值比(OR)分别为:1.630,2.748,3.488,1.603,1.787,6.646,5.787和3.382;质子泵抑制药(PPI)、H2受体拮抗药则是上消化道出血的保护因素,上述药物与上消化道出血有关(P＜0.05).而钙离子拮抗药、硝酸酯类药与上消化道出血无关(P＞0.05).病例组高龄患者(≥65岁)、幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染率、既往消化道出血史、胃和(或)十二指肠溃疡、慢性胃炎、慢性十二指肠炎、糖尿病、恶性肿瘤比例明显高于对照组.结论:活血化瘀类中成药、螺内酯、抗凝血药物的使用会增加上消化道出血事件发生风险,高龄患者(≥65岁)、Hp感染、既往消化道出血史、胃和(或)十二指肠溃疡、慢性胃炎、慢性十二指肠炎、缺血性脑血管事件、糖尿病、恶性肿瘤均是上消化道出血的危险因素.

Objective To summarize CT signs of traumatic acute abdomen , and to assess clinical value of CT in diagnosing organ injury in the abdomen . Methods A retrospective analysis of 186 cases was performed and preoperative CT images were analyzed after intraoperative confirmation of abdominal organ injury.Therefore,CTfeaturesofdifferentorganinjuriesweresummarized.Results 271organinjuries were found in 186 patients, including 228 injuries involving parenchyma organs and 43 injuries involving hollow visceras.Abdominal ascites was found in 157 patients (84.4%) and abdominal hematoma in 65 patients (34.9%).CT manifestations of parenchyma injury were mixed density (71.9%) in damaging location, with incomplete capsule or border (59.2%), subcapsular hematoma (56.6%) and fascia thickening surrounding or fat fuzzy space (78.9%).CT manifestations of hollow visceral injury were structure disorders (62.8%) or wall thickening (72.1%), hematoma in cavity (20.9%). Conclusion There are different CT manifestations in different organ injuries , and the diagnosis and predicting site oftraumatic acute abdomen require the combination of injury causes , clinical manifestations and CT findings.

Objective To analyze the effect of different anti-platelet therapeutic schedules for incidence of upper gas-trointestinal hemorrhage. Methods 180 patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in combination with upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage admitted to Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University from October 2013 to February 2015 were selected as research subjects, and the clinical data was analyzed retrospectively. According to whether the patients took the anti-platelets, they were divided into non-drug group (control group, 68 cases) and drug group (observation group, 112 cases), then according to different kinds of anti-platelets, the patients of observation group were divided into Aspirin group (66 cases), Clopidogrel group (21 cases) and combined group (25 cases). The clinical indexes and bleeding conditions of all groups were compared. Results After different therapies of anti-platelets, the rate of gastrointestinal bleeding in observation group was higher than that of control group, the hospital stay was shorter than that of control group, the incidence of stomachache before bleeding was lower than that of control group, the differences were all statistically significant (all P< 0.05). The gastrointestinal hemorrhage way of observation group mainly showed melena, and the clinical manifestation under endoscopic was gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, while there were no statistically significant differences in gastrointestinal hemorrhage way, hemorrhagic rate and clinical man-ifestation under endoscopic among Aspirin group, Clopidogrel group and combined group (all P> 0.05). Single factor analysis for observation group showed that, gastrointestinal hemorrhage was related to age and Hp infection (P<0.05), while it had no correlation with sex, time of taking medicine, previous ulcer history and hemorrhage history, cerebral and coronary stent placement conditions and use of proton pump inhibitor (P> 0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis for observation group showed that, the age and Hp infection had close correlation with gastrointestinal hemorrhage (P<0.05). Conclusion The patients with cardio-vascular and cerebrovascular diseases taking anti-platelet drugs can increase the rate of upper gastrointestinal hemor-rhage, and the abdominal pain is less, which shows melena and peptic ulcer in clinic. The single use of Aspirin and Clopidogrel or combined use has no obvious influence on upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, while the age and Hp in-fection are the main influencing factors of gastrointestinal hemorrhage.

肿瘤的发生与肿瘤细胞所处的内外环境有着密切关系,肿瘤微环境中存在着一群具有免疫抑制作用的髓源性天然免疫细胞,即髓系来源的抑制性细胞(MDSCs).近年来,多项研究指出MDSCs在肿瘤微环境中通过分泌多种具有抑制T淋巴细胞免疫作用的物质,借助多种分子通道,使肿瘤组织得以逃脱机体免疫监视,直接或间接地促进肿瘤的生长、侵袭和转移.通过抑制MDSCs的生成、活化、效应途径从而阻断其免疫抑制作用已逐渐成为肿瘤治疗的新领域.

Aim. To investigate the diagnostic yield and etiologies of patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) using capsule endoscopy (CE) or double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE). Method. We studied the data of 532 consecutive patients with OGIB that were referred to Xinqiao Hospital in Chongqing from December 2005 to January 2012. A lesion that was believed to be the source of the bleeding (ulceration, mass lesion, vascular lesion, visible blood, inflammation, or others) was considered to be a positive finding. We analyzed the diagnostic yield of CE and SBE and the etiologies of OGIB. Result. CE and SBE have similar diagnostic yields, at 71.9% (196/231) and 71.8% (251/304), respectively. The most common etiology was erosions/ulceration (27.1%) followed by mass lesion (19.4%) and angiodysplastic/vascular lesions (13.9%). By stratified analysis, we found that erosions/ulceration (27.1%) was the most common etiology for the 21–40-year age group. Mass lesion was the most common etiology in the 41–60-year age group. However, in the >60 years age group, angiodysplastic/vascular lesions were significantly increased compared with the other groups, even though erosions/ulceration was most common. Conclusion. In this study, we found that CE and SBE have similar diagnostic yields and erosions/ulceration was the most common reason for OGIB, followed by mass lesion and angiodysplasias.

目的 检测幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)感染小鼠后胃黏膜细胞因子的水平变化情况,分析机体的免疫应答状态.方法 采用Real-Time-PCR法检测H.pylori感染小鼠后1、2、4及6周时胃黏膜H.pylori的定植数量及细胞因子(IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10、IL-17A、Foxp3+)的mRNA表达水平,ELISA法测定胃黏膜IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10、IL-17A的表达量.结果 感染小鼠胃黏膜中H.pylori的定植量随着时间的推移在第4周达到高峰,第6周时有所下降.感染小鼠胃黏膜IFN-γ的mRNA水平明显高于PBS对照组,并随时间逐渐升高.IL-4及IL-10在感染6周内无明显变化,IL-17A和Foxp3+的mRNA水平在1、2周时无明显变化,第4周时显著上升,第6周时下降.感染小鼠胃黏膜IFN-γ、IL-4和IL-17A的蛋白水平变化在第1、2周时无明显变化,第4周时显著上升,第6周时下降,而IL-10变化不明显.结论 H.pylori早期感染可显著激发Th1和Th17应答,并伴随Treg细胞反应,这些可能与H.pylori逃避宿主免疫清除后的持续性感染有关.

目的 探讨雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)α及β在乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B vrius,HBV)相关肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)组织中的表达水平及其与临床病理特征的关系.方法 收集组织学病理诊断为肝细胞癌,且为慢性乙型肝炎的28例患者的肝癌组织及其相关临床资料,采用免疫组化EnVision法检测ERα和ERβ的表达,分析其与临床病理特点的关系.结果 ERα及ERβ在HBV相关HCC组织中表达以细胞质为主,其阳性表达率分别为35.7％(10/28)和46.4％(13/28).其中ERα的阳性表达与患者肿瘤大小及TNM分期有关,肿瘤直径≤5 cm的患者表达率高于肿瘤直径＞5 cm的患者(60.0％ vs 7.7％,P=0.006),TNM分期Ⅰ～Ⅱ期患者的表达率明显高于Ⅲ～Ⅳ期的患者(60.0％ vs 16.7％,P=0.011).ERβ的表达与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤分化程度、TNM分期、结节多少及血清AFP水平无关.结论 ER在HBV相关HCC中存在差异表达,且以细胞质表达为主,其与HCC的临床病理特点有关.

Objective To explore the feasibility ,effectiveness ,recurrence rate and complications ,etc .of endoscopic retrograde stenting in treating acute appendicitis .Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on seven patients with the clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis ,complying with the following treatment steps :(1) normal saline for high cleansing enema in 2-3 times ;(2) en-doscopically douching ileocecal junction and observing the opening of appendix ;(3) placing the guide wire into the opening of appen-dix under the guidance of imaging tube ,and then conducting angiography imaging ;(4) repeatedly douching with metronidazole;(5) implant the appendix stent ,draining the inflammatory secretions out and then douching ;(6 ) observing postoperative abdominal pain ,fever ,bowel and other conditions;(7) reviewing with the enteroscopy and removing the stent 2 weeks later .At 2 before the surgery and 48 after it ,all patients were administrated with antibiotics for anti-infective treatment .The follow-up was made from 8-15 months after the surgery .Results Among these 7 patients ,4 patients had successful appendix stenting :the abdominal pain sig-nificantly alleviated after the surgery ;the proportional level of white blood cells(WBC)recovered during 24-48 after the surgery .15 after discharge ,two patients returned to hospital and their appendix stent removal was successful;during the operation ,smooth mu-cosa at the opening of appendix was observed .The stents of two patients spontaneously fell off ,and normal morphology of the ap-pendix opening was observed at review .During the postoperative follow-up of 8-15 months ,one patient relapsed and underwent sur-gical treatment in the general surgery department .The other three patients did not undergo appendix stenting due to the unsuccess-ful intubation .Conclusion The treatment of acute appendicitis with endoscopic stenting has the advantages of little trauma ,high safety and significant efficacy .However ,this method still requires large-scale and multicenter randomized controlled clinical trials to evaluate its feasibility and long-term efficacy .

Objective To analysis the nosogenesis,effects to mother and infant,features and therapeutic efficacy of gestational acute pancreatitis and common acute pancreatitis.Methods The clinical data of twenty patients of gestational acute pancreatitis of our hospital in recent two years were retrospectively analyzed.They were divided into cholelithiasis group(group A) and hyperlipoidemia group(group B) according to their etiopathogenisis,and a comparision of the diagnostic characteristics and therapeutic efficacy were conducted.Another comparsion about the diagnostic characteristics and therapeutic efficacy were performed between the twenty gestational acute pancreatitis patients and twenty patients of common acute pancreatitis selected from our hospital.Results The clinical indexes of the cholelithiasis group and hyperlipoidemia group have a significant difference(P0.05),but the cure rate and indexs of the gestational acute pancreatitis patients and the patients of common acute pancreatitis has no obvious diferent(P0.05).Conclusion Early diagnose and therapy and timely termination of pregnancy could do good to both of the maternal and infants,and the mortality rate could be cut down;endoscopic naso biliary drainage can obviously decurtate the time of therapy;gabexate and somatostatin must be cautiously use since they would cause harmful effects to fetus.

>贲门失弛缓症(esophageal achalasia,EA)又称贲门痉挛、巨食管,是由于食管贲门部的神经肌肉功能障碍所致的食管功能性疾病。以往内镜下治疗EA的方法主要有球囊扩张治疗、肉毒杆菌注射治疗、食管支架治疗、微波治疗、硬化剂治疗等,但上述方法都不能最终解除食管下端括约肌(LES)梗阻,复发率较高[1-2]。而外科手术治疗需切开LES,虽然疗

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value and safety of OMOM capsule endoscopy in the small intestinal diseases.Methods The OMOM capsule endoscopy was used in 540 patients(including 328 patients with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding,159 patients with unexplained abdominal pain,53 patients with chronic diarrhea) from Oct.2005 to Sep.2011.Diagnoses by OMOM capsule endoscopy were recorded and compared statistically.Results 533 patients finished the tests successfully,the ratio of successful examination was 98.7%(533/540).370 patients were found with small intestinal diseases,the overall diagnostic yield was 69.42%(370/533).The most common findings included 90 cases of non-specific inflammation(24.32%),62 cases of tumor(16.76%),55 cases of vascular lesions(14.86%),44 cases of ulcer(11.89%).The other findings included 27 cases of polyp(7.30%),25 cases of ancylostomiasis(6.76%),and so on.Capsule retention occurred in 13(2.43%) patients.Conclusion OMOM capsule endoscopy is a safe procedure and valuable tool in diagnosing small intestinal diseases.

Background The epidemiology of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in China has rarely been studied before. The aim of the present study was to determine the etiology of DILI in a Chinese population by reporting a systematic analysis of the Chinese literature published from 1994 to 2011. Methods A comprehensive database search of the Chinese literature was performed to obtain all the relevant studies. The data, including the drug names and patients’ sex, age, clinical classification, and prognosis, were collected and analyzed. Results In this research, we found 279 studies including 24 112 patients. There were 265 studies that reported the sex of 21 789 patients, 11 787 men and 10 002 women. The therapeutics included (but were not limited to) tuberculostatics, complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs), antibiotics, NSAIDs, antineoplastics, central nervous system agents, antithyroid drugs, and immunomodulators. Of these drugs, tuberculostatics and CAMs were the most common etiologies of DILI in China. Conclusion DILI in China has a different etiology from that in Europe and USA. NSAIDs, which are the most common causes of DILI in western populations, are uncommon in China. Therefore, government, physicians, and patients should pay more attention to these drugs in DILI.