目的 了解宁夏高校大学生自杀意念与人格特征、核心自我评价的关系,为预防大学生自杀提供依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,随机抽取宁夏3所高校2 788名在校学生,采用自杀意念自评量表(SIOSS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、简版大五人格测验(NEO-FFI)、核心自我评价问卷(CSES)对调查对象实施问卷调查.结果 大学生自杀意念发生率为7.10％.有自杀意念者症状自评量表各维度及神经质因子高于无自杀意念者(P值均＜0.05),大五人格测验其他因子及核心自我评价均低于无自杀意念者(P值均＜0.05).Logistic回归分析结果显示,核心家庭、人际关系敏感、核心自我评价及开放性为自杀意念的保护因素,抑郁、其他及神经质为自杀意念的危险因素(P值均＜0.05).结论 对大学生中低心理健康水平及神经质者应给予较多的关注.提高人际关系敏感度和减轻人际压力对于预防大学生自杀意义重大.

目的 探讨医学生无聊倾向性与心理健康间的关系及社会支持的调节作用,为医学生无聊情绪的干预研究提供线索.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,从宁夏医科大学随机抽取1 667名学生进行问卷调查.结果 医学生无聊倾向性的创造力因子与心理健康的敌对、偏执因子相关无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05),与其他因子均呈正相关(P值均＜0.01);无聊倾向性总分和其余各因子与心理健康总分及其他各因子之间均呈正相关(P值均＜0.01);社会支持总分和各维度与心理健康总分以及各因子之间呈负相关(P值均＜0.05).外部刺激、孤独感、自控力和单调性4个变量能联合预测心理健康35.1％的变异量;社会支持对医学生无聊倾向性和心理健康之间的调节效应显著.结论 医学生无聊倾向性与心理健康之间关系密切,社会支持在无聊倾向性与心理健康之间起着重要的调节作用.

Objective To explore the relationship among boredom proneness,core self-evaluation and aggression in medical students and to provide clues and evidence for preventing aggression and their relevant interventions.Methods The Boredom Proneness Scale for College Students(C-BPQ),Chinese Version of Buss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ-CV)and Core Self-evaluations Scale were employed to investigate 1667 medical students in one medical university in Ningxia.Results There were significant differences between high and low boredom proneness groups in core self-evaluations,total aggression score and each factors (core self-evaluations:(29.67±5.10) vs (41.67±4.64),AQ-CV scores:(36.43±17.18) vs (17.58±12.45),physical aggression:(31.62 ±20.46) vs (17.02 ±15.28),verbal aggression:(37.44±19.03) vs (24.68±17.14),anger:(40.93±22.32) vs (18.85±16.86),hostility:(37.34± 19.41) vs (14.86± 13.57),self-aggression:(35.47 ±21.66) vs (13.57± 14.28),all P＜0.001).There were positive correlation among total score of boredom proneness,internal and external stimuli dimensions,total score of AQ-CV and each factors (P＜0.001) and negative correlation between total score of boredom proneness and core self-evaluation(P＜0.001).There were negative correlation among core self-evaluation score,AQ-CV scores and each factor(P＜0.001).Regression analysis showed that boredom proneness and core self-evaluation could predict the aggression to a certain extent (P＜0.01).Core self-evaluation played a mediating role between boredom proneness and aggression taking 48.25％ proportion of the total effect of the mediation.Conclusion Boredom proneness is closely related to aggressive behavior.Core self-evaluation plays a mediating role between boredom proneness and aggression.

探讨宁夏地区精神分裂症患者的家庭亲密度与适应性的特征及现状.临床连续入组精神分裂症患者194例(年龄>16岁),以地区、性别比例匹配正常人126例,用一般人口学调查表、家庭亲密度及适应性量表(FACES-Ⅱ)、肇事肇祸评级及精神分裂症分型量表进行调查.除适应性实际得分外,其余变量两组间均有差异(p<0.05);多元线性回归分析显示,家庭亲密度与患者年龄有线性关系,适应性与决策地位有线性关系.精神分裂症患者与正常人群的家庭亲密度与适应性存在显著差异,随着患者年龄的增长,家庭亲密度会更好;患者参与家庭决策的方式越融洽,家庭适应性越好.

Objective To study the characteristics of schizophrenia's family functioning in Ningxia.Methods 194 patients with schizophrenias were selected and assessed with demographic questionnaire,FAD-CV,FACES-CVⅡquestionnaires.Results There were statistical differences between the scores of RL,AI,GF got by patients who lived in urban area and rural area(P 0.05).The patients whose jobs were leaders got lower scores than workers,farmers and unemployers,and the same result were found among the consumers whose salaries were different.Statistical differences among the groups who were positive and negative when making decisions were found located in RL,AR,GF,Cohesion and Adaptability.Conclusion The patients with chizophrenias who are oppidan,leaders,high salary owners,and motivated positive-makers have better family functioning than others.

Objective To investigate the relationships between depression and life events and coping style of left-behind children in Ningxia rural district.Methods 1455 children,between 7 and 15 years old,of which 643 were left-behind children and 812 were non-left-behind children,were selected from six primary schools and two junior middle schools in Ningxia using cluster-random-sampling.All of them were assessed by the Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC),Adolescent Self-rating Life Event Checklist (ASLEC) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ).Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between leftbehind children' s depression phenomenon and all items in the questionnaires above,and Hierarchical multiple linear regression were used to analyze the correlative factors associated with depression among left-behind children.Results The detectable rate of left-behind children and non-left-behind children' s depression were respectively 30.30％ and 21.20％,and the former was higher than the later (x2 =15.909,P＜0.01).In the left-behind children group,the depression relevance ratio were significant difference (35.23％ vs.26.52％) between the 7-11 years old group and the 12 to 15 one(P＜0.05).The detectable rate of Han and Hui ethnic children(29.00％ vs.37.14％)had no statistically significance.Except positive replying,left-behind children had got higher scores in all factors of DSRSC,ASLEC and negative replying compared with non-left-behind children.According to the Pearson correlation analysis,the scores of DSRSC had positive correlation with all factors in ASLEC,while had negative correlation with active coping style in SCSQ (P ＜ 0.05).According to hierarchical multiple linear regression,positive replying,passive coping style,health and adaptation and human relationship went into the equation,which were important predictive variables for depression.Conclusion The left-behind children in Ningxia have high detectable rate of depression,and active coping styles are useful buffer for the life events' harmful effects.

"家庭"是由两个或两个以上有着特定行为方式的个人所组成的系统,它依赖或不依赖血缘关系或法律维系,以其成员认为是一个整体的方式而运转[1].家庭作为一个系统,不仅仅是组成社会的基本细胞,而且更是个体成长和社会化的主要场所之一,对个体的心理发展起着至关重要的作用.在家庭发展的过程中,它不可避免地会出现影响到家庭功能正常发挥的事件,为将出现问题的家庭功能恢复到正常健康的状态,精神学家和心理学家们在20世纪50年代提出"家庭治疗[2]"方法来解决该问题.

Objective To investigate the relationship of boredom proneness,learning motivation and core self-evaluation among medical students.Methods Using stratified cluster sampling method,random sample of 1 667 students from Ningxia Medical University were selected and surveyed with questionnaires.Results Boredom proneness score have statistically significant differences in gender,grade and professional satisfaction(P < 0.05);there were negative correlations between boredom proneness with internal / external stimuli dimensions,learning motivation total score and dimension score,and core self-evaluations(P < 0.01).Interaction of core self-evaluation and ability to pursue of learning motivation could account for 45.8% of boredom proneness' variance.Core self-evaluation had mediation effects on the association of learning motivation and boredom proneness,accounting for about 59.4%.Conclusion Boredom proneness is closely related with learning motivation and core self-evaluation among medical students.It is imperative to foster motivation of learning among college students,as well as to help them build a positive self-evaluation and reduce boring experience.

Objective To explore the characteristics of schizophreniac's family functioning and its influencing factors. Methods Totally 194 schizophreniacs and 126 controls without mental disorder matched by gender and residential places were assessed with demographic questionnaire, FAD-CV, FACES- Ⅱquestionnaires. Results There were statistical differences between case and control groups in items of FAD and FACESⅡ-CV except adaptability(P<0.05), and there were more extreme type and middle type families, but less balance type families in case group(P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that family functioning was correlated with communication, affective responsiveness, roles, problem solving, high decision-making position among family members,parents' disease history and abandoned history(P<0.05). Conclusion There are significant difference between family functioning of schizophreniacs and that of normal people. Better communication, affective responsiveness, roles, problem solving and high decision-making position among family members could promote family functioning, otherwise, parents ' disease history and the abandonment experience by their parents would make it worse.