Background: The internalizing behavior problems (IBPs) of left-behind children (LBC) due to parental migration are a widespread public health concern in China. A previous study showed that the detection rate of behavioral problems in the Hui was far higher than in the LBC of the Han nationality. However, to date, limited research has focused on IBPs in Chinese LBC of the Hui nationality. The aims of this present study are to explore the prevalence of IBPs and the influencing factors among the Hui LBC in the rural areas of China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among school students from the southern rural areas in Ningxia, China (2012– 2013). The caregivers or parents assessed IBPs using Achenbach’s Child Behavior Checklist for parents. The children completed the Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran, Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and Piers–Harris Children’s Self-concept Scale. Data on 383 Hui LBC aged 6–16 y were included in this study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between the independent variables and children’s internalizing behaviors. Results: Among the Hui population, the prevalence of IBPs in LBC and non-left-behind children (non-LBC) was 21.67% (83 of 383) and 18.18% (104 of 572), respectively, with no significant difference between these two groups ( χ 2 = 1.77 and P = 0.18). However, among males of the Hui population, the prevalence of IBPs in LBC was 22.16%, which is significantly higher than in non-LBC (14.07%; χ 2 = 5.07; and P = 0.02). By controlling for gender and age, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a mother highly favoring the subject (odds ratio [OR] = 2.70), average levels of neuroticism (OR = 9.01), and high levels of neuroticism (OR = 8.44) were risk factors for IBPs in Hui LBC. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that IBPs among male LBC of the Hui nationality in rural China were positively related to parental migration. Positive measures should be taken to prevent IBPs of male LBC of the Hui nationality in rural China in terms of personality development and parental childrearing patterns.

目的 了解某孤儿院回族女性孤儿的人格特征及自我意识状况,为进一步的心理干预提供科学依据.方法 于2014年2-5月采用一般情况调查表、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ儿童版)、Piers-Harris儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)对孤儿院收养的40名回族女性儿童进行调查.同时对这些孤儿就读学校的其他254名回族女童进行对照研究.结果 回族女性孤儿EPQ的P分(2.90±2.82)低于正常回族女童组(4.28±2.82)和全国常模女童(4.27±2.24),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),L分(16.83±3.44)显著高于正常回族女童组(13.56±4.31)与全国常模女童(14.41±3.65)(P＜0.01),E分(13.90±4.37)明显低于全国常模女童(16.34±3.44)(P＜0.01).在合群因子上回族女性孤儿组(7.83±1.97)显著低于正常回族组女童(9.13±1.78)(P＜0.05),与全国常模比较,除行为因子和焦虑因子外,自我意识其它因子及总分与全国常模女童比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01);回族孤儿组人格偏离在内外向(E)和掩饰性(L)上的发生率(50.0％,60.0％)明显高于正常回族儿童(21.7％,27.6％)(P＜0.001);亲戚朋友组EPQ的N分(14.00±7.62)显著高于与兄弟姐妹组(6.40±2.88)(P＜0.05),而L分在祖或外祖父母组(15.92±3.75)显著低于与兄弟姐妹组(19.80±0.45)(P＜0.05);回族女性孤儿不同学习成绩之间EPQ各因子得分差异无统计学意义,但在自我意识总分,以及行为和合群因子分上各组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或＜0.01);学习成绩越差,表现越明显.结论 回族女性孤儿心理卫生状况较差,主要表现在人格缺陷,自我意识水平低下.

Background: Externalizing behavior problems (EBP) is being increasingly viewed as a public health problem. Few studies have addressed EBP in Chinese hui nationality left-behind children (LBC). The aims of this current study to explore the prevalence of EBP and its influencing factors among hui nationality LBC in rural areas of China.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among school students from the southern rural areas in Ningxia, China (2012-2013). The general self-made questionnaire, Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran (EMBU), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ for Children), Piers-Harri Children's Self-concept Scale (PHCSS) and Achenbach's Child behavior Checklist (CBCL for parents) were used to investigate the related information. Descriptive analysis and logistic regressions were conducted. Results: The prevalence of EBP in hui nationality LBC and non-left-behind children(non-LBC) were 12.01% (46/383) and 8.57% (49/572), respectively, and there was no significant difference between them (χ2 = 3.037, P=0.081). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low self-concept of behavioral (OR =13.709), introversion (OR =11.188) and intermediate personality (OR =9.349) were risk factors for EBP of hui nationality LBC, while the intermediate type of mother refusal and denial (OR =0.430) was their protective factor. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that parental migration is a risk factor for EBP among hui nationality LBC in rural China. And measures should be taken from self-concept development, personality development, and family education for the prevention of EBP of hui nationality LBC in rural areas of China.

Objective To analyze the health status of senior technical personnel in Ningxia Hui autonomous region in 2015,and provide the basis for improving the health level of senior technical personnel in our district. Methods The analysis is based on the annual physical examination data of Ningxia Medical Examination Center in 2015. Results The number of senior technical personnels in Ningxia who have suffered from at least five diseases is 688(accounted for 39.47%). The top five of the disease detection rate were benign prostatic hyperplasia,thyroid nodules,dyslipidemia,atherosclerosis,low bone mass. The morbidity rate of chronic disease was higher in males than in females. There was significant difference in the detection rate of prostatic hyperplasia,thyroid nodules,atherosclerosis,breast nodules, uterine fibroids,hemorrhoids,hypertension,fatty liver,liver cysts,hyperplasia of breast,renal cyst,cataract in different age groups(P<0.05). There were significant differences in the detection rate of prostatic hyperplasia,atherosclerosis,hemorrhoid,hyperplasia of mammary glands,renal cyst,cataract in different types of workers(P<0.05). Compared with people without overweight, the prevalence rates of nodules of mammary glands, hemorrhoids and liver cyst of overweight senior technical personnel were lower(P<0.05),and the prevalence rates of dyslipidemia,atherosclerosis,hypertension, fatty liver, high blood uric acid and renal cyst of overweight senior technical personnel were higher(P<0.05). Conclusion The health status of senior technical personnel in Ningxia is not optimistic,and scientific and effective measures should be established to improve the overall health level.

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of the treatment of clavicle fractures with the technique of Hui medicine.Methods:The pain,swelling,counterpoint,line,length and amount of callus at different time points of 100 cases of patients in Ningxia Hui Medical Orthopaedics Hospital were socred and then after 3 months of treatment the curative effect was evaluated.Results:Pain,swelling,counterpoint,line and length were significantly lower than those before treatment,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment and 1,2,4,6 and 8 weeks after treatment,compared with gradual improvement,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The amount of callus,in addition to no significant improvement before and after treatment(P ＞ 0.05),the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).After 3 months of treatment,the efficacy was 96％.Conclusion:Hui medicine ZHANG's bone-setting technology can effectively treat clavicle fractures and the curative effect was distinct,worthy of promotion.

Objective:To observe the clinical effects of Zhang's bone-setting technique of Hui medicine on tibia and fibula fracture.Methods:Totally 80 patients with closed tibia and fibula fracture treated in the Wuzhong Bone-Setting Hospital of Hui Medicine between January 2013 and September 2015 were given treatment of Zhang's bone-setting technique.The scores of pain,swelling,positional alignment,linear,length and osteotylus quantity were determined,and the efficacy 6 months after treatment was evaluated.Results:After 6 months of treatment for the 80 patients,67 cases had excellent effects,10 cases with good effects,2 cases with effects,1 case with poor effect;the excellent and good effects were 96.25％.The scores of pain,swelling,positional alignment,linear and length declined markedly compared with those before treatment;the difference had statistical significance (P ＜0.05).The osteotylus quantity had no obvious improvement compared with that before treatment,without statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05).The osteotylus quantity 1,2,4 and 8 weeks after treatment had obvious improvement compared with those before treatment,with statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Zhang's bone-setting technique of Hui medicine is effective for the treatment of tibia and fibula fracture.

目的 观察回医张氏正骨技术治疗肱骨外科颈骨折的临床效果.方法 对宁夏吴忠回医正骨医院收治的90例患者不同时间点疼痛、肿胀、对位、对线、长度、骨痂量进行评分,然后对治疗后4个月疗效评价.结果 疼痛、肿胀、对位、对线、长度与治疗前相比明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗后当天、治疗后1、2、4、6、8周相比逐步改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).骨痂量除治疗前与治疗后当天相比无明显改善,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),其余相比骨痂量明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗后4个月疗效评价显示治疗优良率为95.55％.结论 回医张氏正骨技术能有效治疗肱骨外科颈骨折,疗效显著,值得推广.

目的:总结宁夏回族自治区开展社区戒毒、社区康复工作的经验.探讨社区戒毒、社区康复工作中存在的问题,为建立和完善社区戒毒、社区康复工作的方法和模式提供参考依据.方法:采用访谈和社区实地调研相结合的方式,在宁夏五个市分层整群抽样,问卷调查社区现阶段在管戒毒、康复人员;访谈禁毒专干、社区负责人及从事社区戒毒的工作人员.结果:我区社区戒毒康复人员多为男性,占80％以上,吸毒人员大都文化水平较低,初中以下者占58.0％;社区脱管及美沙酮维持治疗脱失现象普遍存在,55.8％的社区戒毒人员迫切希望得到心理治疗.结论:(1)党委政府重视是做好社区禁吸戒毒工作的基础;(2)积极探索建立有效的吸/戒毒人员社区管理机制和模式是有效开展社区戒毒、社区康复工作的保障;(3)当前存在的问题包括人员配备、配比不足、社区专项工作经费保障不足.

目的 了解宁夏科技工作者超重、高血压病、糖尿病等主要慢性病的患病情况,分析疾病流行特点及影响因素.方法 采集2014年宁夏12家单位及2015年11家单位的在职和离退休高级职称职工在宁夏体检中心的健康体检数据信息,对体检内容包括既往史、体质量指数(BMI)、血压、心电图、彩超、血脂、血糖、体检结果等项目进行数据分析.结果 此人群2014年及2015年总超重率,分别为51.00％、53.30％,其中男性超重率分别为61.20％、64.3％,女性超重率分别为35.55％、36.83％,男性超重率显著高于女性(P＜0.05);2014年与2015年9种常见慢性病中至少患有1种的患病率分别为71.47％、72.69％.2014年体检人员中血脂异常、脂肪肝、高血压病、糖尿病和冠心病的各年龄组患病率差异有统计学意义(P ＜0.05);2015年脂肪肝、高血压病、糖尿病、冠心病和动脉粥样硬化各年龄组患病率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).2014年血脂异常、高血压病、脂肪肝、糖尿病和冠心病,男性和女性间患病率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),男性的发病率均高于女性;2015年血脂异常、动脉粥样硬化、高血压病、脂肪肝、糖尿病、冠心病和慢性阻塞性肺病,男性和女性间患病率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),男性高于女性.结论 宁夏科技工作者的超重、慢性病患病问题不容乐观,需加大对其慢性病的防治力度,结合不同特征人群采取有针对性的防治措施.

目的 了解大学生攻击行为与心理健康及社会支持之间的关系,为大学生心理行为干预工作提供科学依据.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,对宁夏部分地区2 898名在校大学生进行Buss和Perry攻击问卷中文版、症状自评量表及社会支持量表问卷调查.结果 男生Buss和Perry攻击问卷中文版总分及身体攻击性、言语攻击性、敌意、指向自我的攻击性因子得分均高于女生(P值均＜0.05),独生子女身体攻击性因子得分高于非独生子女,非独生子女愤怒、指向自我攻击性因子得分高于独生子女(P值均＜0.05),农村大学生在敌意上得分高于城市大学生(P＜0.01).高攻击组、中间攻击组及低攻击组中,任意2组之间Buss和Perry攻击问卷中文版总分及各因子得分差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜0.01).Buss和Perry攻击问卷中文版总分及各因子与症状自评量表总分及各因子分均呈正相关(P值均＜0.01),与主观支持、支持利用度、SSS总分均呈负相关(P值均＜0.01),客观支持与愤怒、敌意、指向自我攻击均呈负相关(P值均＜0.01).线性逐步回归分析显示,敌对、偏执、支持利用度、主观支持、恐怖、人际关系敏感与攻击行为有关(F=11.762,P＜0.01).结论 大学生攻击行为与心理健康关系密切,可以通过提高社会支持系统减少攻击行为的发生.

目的 了解宁夏高校大学生自杀意念与人格特征、核心自我评价的关系,为预防大学生自杀提供依据.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,随机抽取宁夏3所高校2 788名在校学生,采用自杀意念自评量表(SIOSS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、简版大五人格测验(NEO-FFI)、核心自我评价问卷(CSES)对调查对象实施问卷调查.结果 大学生自杀意念发生率为7.10％.有自杀意念者症状自评量表各维度及神经质因子高于无自杀意念者(P值均＜0.05),大五人格测验其他因子及核心自我评价均低于无自杀意念者(P值均＜0.05).Logistic回归分析结果显示,核心家庭、人际关系敏感、核心自我评价及开放性为自杀意念的保护因素,抑郁、其他及神经质为自杀意念的危险因素(P值均＜0.05).结论 对大学生中低心理健康水平及神经质者应给予较多的关注.提高人际关系敏感度和减轻人际压力对于预防大学生自杀意义重大.

目的 探讨医学生无聊倾向性与心理健康间的关系及社会支持的调节作用,为医学生无聊情绪的干预研究提供线索.方法 采用分层整群抽样方法,从宁夏医科大学随机抽取1 667名学生进行问卷调查.结果 医学生无聊倾向性的创造力因子与心理健康的敌对、偏执因子相关无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05),与其他因子均呈正相关(P值均＜0.01);无聊倾向性总分和其余各因子与心理健康总分及其他各因子之间均呈正相关(P值均＜0.01);社会支持总分和各维度与心理健康总分以及各因子之间呈负相关(P值均＜0.05).外部刺激、孤独感、自控力和单调性4个变量能联合预测心理健康35.1％的变异量;社会支持对医学生无聊倾向性和心理健康之间的调节效应显著.结论 医学生无聊倾向性与心理健康之间关系密切,社会支持在无聊倾向性与心理健康之间起着重要的调节作用.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的了解农村回族留守儿童行为问题现况及其影响因素。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,应用一般情况调查表、父母养育方式问卷（EMBU）、艾森克人格问卷（EPQ儿童版）、Piers-Harri儿童自我意识量表（PHCSS）和Achenbach儿童行为量表（CBCL家长版）对宁夏南部山区1 905名学生进行调查。结果回族儿童行为问题总检出率为22.3%（213/955）;回族留守与非留守儿童行为问题检出率分别为25.1%和20.5%（χ2=2.82,P=0.093）;男生留守儿童行为问题检出率为24.2%,高于男生非留守儿童的15.6%（χ2=5.36,P=0.021）;12¹6岁男生留守儿童分裂样、体诉、交往不良、强迫、敌意性、违纪、攻击性和多动分别为（3.66±3.18）、（5.16±5.30）、（6.44±6.04）、（3.16±3.17）、（4.62±4.81）、（3.08±3.78）、（7.04±6.47）、（3.96±3.49）分,12¹6岁回族女生留守儿童攻击性和残忍分别为（6.71±6.13）和（2.19±3.49）分,均高于非留守儿童（P&lt;0.05）。多因素分析结果显示,内向性人格（OR=2.698）、父亲过度保护较多（OR=1.851,5.210）、自我意识较差（OR=6.684,8.578）是回族留守儿童行为问题发生的危险因素;情绪稳定（OR=0.186）、母亲拒绝否认较少（OR=0.517,0.264）为其保护因素。结论宁夏农村回族儿童行为问题发生率较高,应从社会、家庭、个性塑造等方面预防回族留守儿童行为问题的发生。</span>

目的:了解宁夏贫困地区对微创埋线疗法推广需求现状.方法:采用自编的调查问卷对134名已接受微创埋线疗法培训的医生施以问卷调查.结果:宁夏贫困地区愿意应用微创埋线疗法的比率高,主要在于微创埋线疗法扩展了临床的治疗领域,操作方便,且在临床多种疾病的治疗中取得显著效果.结论:微创埋线疗法适用于贫困地区各种疾病的治疗需求.

Objective To understand the behavioral problems and related factors of left-behind children in rural areas of Ningxia . Methods A total of 2000 students were sampled by stratified randomly and cluster from the whole class of the southern rural areas in Ningxia.The general self-made questionnaire,Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran (EMBU),Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ Children),Piers-Harri Children's Self-concept Scale(PHCSS)and Achenbach's Child behavior Checklist(CBCL parent version)were used to investigate the related factors .Results ①The overall detection rate of child behavior problems was 18.0%(343/1905).The detection rate of left-behind children and non-left-behind children was 20.9%and 16.0%respectively,and the difference was significant between the two groups(χ2 =7.66,P=0.006).The behavior problems of Han left behind and non-left-behind children were detected in 17.0%and 11.2%respectively,and there was significant difference between two groups (χ2 =6.64,P=0.010).The detection rate of Muslim left-behind children behavioral problems (25.1%) was significantly higher than that of Han left-behind children(17.0%)(χ2 =7.51,P=0.006).②Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that parents working outside (OR=1.239),Extraversion personality (OR=0.807),Neurotic personality(OR=1.310),father overprotection(OR=1.727),mother refusing and denying(OR=1.561)and total score of self-awareness(OR=0.613)eventually entered the equation,which could be directly predicted the occurrence of psycholog-ical and behavioral problems .Emotional instability ,father overprotection ,mother refusing and denying ,and both parents working outside were risk factors ,whereas the extroversion ( high score features ) and good self-awareness were protective factors .Conclusion Left-behind children have higher incidence of behavioral problems in rural areas of Ningxia ,which has many influence factors .Measures should be taken from social ,family,character building and other aspects for prevention .

Objective:To investigate the relationship of automatically thoughts and coping styles of college’s suicidal ideation.Method:Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire,Coping Style Questionnaire were imposed for 166 cases. Among respondents with suicidal ideation,80 cases of suicidal ideation group(the study group),86 cases of normal college students for without suicidal ideation group(the control group). Compared the survey situation of two groups.Result:College with suicidal ideation in Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire,fantasy,self-blame were higher than college without suicidal ideation (P<0.01),helping,problem solving dimension,rationalization dimension were lower than college without suicidal ideation(P<0.01);correlation analysis showed:Automatic thoughts and avoidance,fantasy,self-blame were positively correlated with college with suicidal ideation,but helping, rationalization and problem solving were negatively correlated. Logistic regression analysis showed:for Suicidal ideation,automatic thinking and self-blame were risk factors,and helping was protective factors.Conclusion:For suicidal ideation,negative Automatic Thoughts play a role in inducing and actively seeking assistance and the ability of problem solving can prevent suicide.

Objective To explore the relationship among boredom proneness,core self-evaluation and aggression in medical students and to provide clues and evidence for preventing aggression and their relevant interventions.Methods The Boredom Proneness Scale for College Students(C-BPQ),Chinese Version of Buss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ-CV)and Core Self-evaluations Scale were employed to investigate 1667 medical students in one medical university in Ningxia.Results There were significant differences between high and low boredom proneness groups in core self-evaluations,total aggression score and each factors (core self-evaluations:(29.67±5.10) vs (41.67±4.64),AQ-CV scores:(36.43±17.18) vs (17.58±12.45),physical aggression:(31.62 ±20.46) vs (17.02 ±15.28),verbal aggression:(37.44±19.03) vs (24.68±17.14),anger:(40.93±22.32) vs (18.85±16.86),hostility:(37.34± 19.41) vs (14.86± 13.57),self-aggression:(35.47 ±21.66) vs (13.57± 14.28),all P＜0.001).There were positive correlation among total score of boredom proneness,internal and external stimuli dimensions,total score of AQ-CV and each factors (P＜0.001) and negative correlation between total score of boredom proneness and core self-evaluation(P＜0.001).There were negative correlation among core self-evaluation score,AQ-CV scores and each factor(P＜0.001).Regression analysis showed that boredom proneness and core self-evaluation could predict the aggression to a certain extent (P＜0.01).Core self-evaluation played a mediating role between boredom proneness and aggression taking 48.25％ proportion of the total effect of the mediation.Conclusion Boredom proneness is closely related to aggressive behavior.Core self-evaluation plays a mediating role between boredom proneness and aggression.

探讨宁夏地区精神分裂症患者的家庭亲密度与适应性的特征及现状.临床连续入组精神分裂症患者194例(年龄>16岁),以地区、性别比例匹配正常人126例,用一般人口学调查表、家庭亲密度及适应性量表(FACES-Ⅱ)、肇事肇祸评级及精神分裂症分型量表进行调查.除适应性实际得分外,其余变量两组间均有差异(p<0.05);多元线性回归分析显示,家庭亲密度与患者年龄有线性关系,适应性与决策地位有线性关系.精神分裂症患者与正常人群的家庭亲密度与适应性存在显著差异,随着患者年龄的增长,家庭亲密度会更好;患者参与家庭决策的方式越融洽,家庭适应性越好.

Objective To study the characteristics of schizophrenia's family functioning in Ningxia.Methods 194 patients with schizophrenias were selected and assessed with demographic questionnaire,FAD-CV,FACES-CVⅡquestionnaires.Results There were statistical differences between the scores of RL,AI,GF got by patients who lived in urban area and rural area(P 0.05).The patients whose jobs were leaders got lower scores than workers,farmers and unemployers,and the same result were found among the consumers whose salaries were different.Statistical differences among the groups who were positive and negative when making decisions were found located in RL,AR,GF,Cohesion and Adaptability.Conclusion The patients with chizophrenias who are oppidan,leaders,high salary owners,and motivated positive-makers have better family functioning than others.

Objective To explore the characteristics of EEG in patients with epilepsy in Ningxia rural areas,to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of epilepsy.Methods Using cluster sampling method,210 patients with epilepsy of 4 counties were randomly selected from the free routine EEG and evoked experimental examination.EEG results were analyzed based on age,gender,genetic factors.Results(1) Of 210 patients,normal EEG in 30 copies,abnormal EEG in 180,the abnormal rate of EEG was 85.7%.(2) 84 patients showed epileptic discharge,accounting for 46.7%.58 patients showed temporal lobe epilepsy wave,accounted for 69%.(3) Abnormal rate of EEG was 92.7% in patients onset age under 14 while abnormal rate of EEG was 78% in patients onset age above 14(P0.01).Conclusion Abnormal rate of EEG is higher in patients with earlier onset age(under 14.EEG showed more temporal lobe epilepsy wave.