BackgroundVaccination as a fundamental pillar of promoting public health and interest is critical to limiting the COVID-19 pandemic. However, many citizens are still hesitant about this epidemic prevention measure. This article aimed to understand the COVID-19 vaccination and hesitancy rates among Guangzhou residents at different points in time as well as to explore the relevant factors that cause vaccination hesitancy.MethodsWe conducted a total of nine cross-sectional surveys by enrolling 12,977 questionnaires among Guangzhou residents through the online survey software called “WenJuanXing” between April 2021 and December 2022, and residents made their choices by judging their willingness to vaccinate. These surveys collected data on the participants' sociodemographic characteristics, vaccination status, vaccine hesitancy, and factors influencing this hesitancy. The Chi-squared test was used for univariate analysis and the multivariate logistic regression model was used to further adjust the influence of the confounding factors to evaluate the main factors affecting the hesitancy of the COVID-19 vaccine at different periods.ResultsOver the course of 2021–2022, a total of 12,977 residents in the study area were surveyed. The vaccine hesitancy rates fluctuated over time. From April to June 2021, the vaccine hesitancy rate decreased from 30% to 9.1% and then increased to 13.7% in November. However, from April to December 2022, the hesitancy rate continued to rise from 13.4% to 30.4%. Vaccination rates, the epidemic waves of COVID-19, and changes in policies may all be possible factors that contributed to these fluctuations in vaccine hesitancy rates. We found statistically significant correlations between factors, such as residence, education, and occupation, and vaccine hesitancy at certain points of time. The results of the surveys in April and June 2021 showed that rural residents showed higher vaccine hesitancy rate than urban residents. Their lower education level was associated with higher vaccine hesitancy. Workers and farmers are more likely to have vaccine hesitancy than people with other occupations. The univariate analysis showed that people with underlying medical conditions and lower perceived health status were more likely to experience vaccine hesitation. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the health status of individuals is the most important factor leading to vaccine hesitancy, and residents' underestimation of domestic risks and overconfidence in personal protection measures were also contributing factors. At different stages, vaccine hesitancy among residents was related to vaccine side effects, safety and efficacy, convenience fluctuation, and various factors.ConclusionIn the present study, we found that vaccine hesitancy did not display a consistent downward trend but it fluctuated over time. Higher education, residing in urban areas, lower perceived disease risk, and concerns about the vaccine's safety and side effects were risk factors for vaccine hesitancy. Implementing appropriate interventions and educational programs tailored to address these risk factors may prove to be effective in enhancing public confidence on vaccination.

[背景]耐药基因可通过水平转移在环境、动物和人体间发生转移,而远距离传播则主要通过候鸟的迁徙.耐药基因可通过水平转移和候鸟迁徙跨地区传播至禽畜和人类,引起公共卫生问题.[目的]分离广州南沙湿地公园候鸟粪便中肠杆菌科细菌,并鉴定菌种类别,研究其对常见抗生素的耐药性及携带的主要超广谱β-内酰胺酶(extended-spectrum beta-lactamase,ESBL)耐药基因,评估广州南沙湿地公园候鸟储存、携带耐药菌和耐药基因的风险.[方法]2019年1月-12月,采集广州南沙湿地公园候鸟粪便样本393份,并进行细菌分离、培养和鉴定.使用药敏检测板对细菌进行耐药性检测.PCR扩增待测细菌的blaCTX-M、 blaTEM和blasHV耐药基因,测序并进行BLAST比对.[结果]检出肠杆菌科细菌59株(检出率为15.01％),主要优势菌为成团泛菌(36株,占肠杆菌科细菌61.02％).肠杆菌科细菌的耐药率达89.83％,对头孢唑啉、磺胺异噁唑和氨苄西林耐药率分别为81.36％、52.54％和44.07％,多重耐药率达55.93％.另外检出7株耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌.测序结果显示,所有粪便样本中检出23株细菌携带blaTEM-1耐药基因(5.85％).[结论]广州南沙湿地公园候鸟粪便中肠杆菌科细菌种类复杂,多重耐药率较高,而且有储存耐碳青霉烯类肠杆菌科细菌的风险,具有重要的公共卫生意义.

Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) reinfection is common because of the limited cross-protection from infections of different enterovirus. We aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and its influential factors of HFMD reinfection in Guangzhou, China. Methods: Data on HFMD patients aged ≤5 yr from 2012 to 2017 were extracted from surveillance system. Influential factors of reinfection were assessed using the logistic regression model. Results: Of 369,054 HFMD patients, 11,321 patients (3.07%) were classified as reinfection. The reinfection rate in male was higher than in female (χ2=60.11, P<0.001). The reinfection rate in patients ≤1 yr was 3.86%, which showed a downward trend with age (Z=37.37, Ptrend<0.001). The highest reinfection rate was observed in the scattered children (3.38%), followed by nursery care children and others (χ2=514.75, P<0.001). Besides, higher risk of reinfection was detected among those who were male, lower age group, rural residence and other enteroviruses infection compared with their respective counterparts. Seasonality was illustrated according to the number of reinfections peaked from April to July. Time intervals curves revealed the number of reinfections gradually increased after 13 months from the initial infection. Conclusion: Male ≤4 yr, living rural area, especially those lived scattered and infected with other enteroviruses were more likely to be reinfection.

目的:分析广州市耐药结核病患者不良治疗结局状况及其相关影响因素.方法:采用回顾性队列研究的方法,从《中国结核病管理信息系统》中导出2016年1月1日至2020年12月31日在广州市胸科医院登记治疗的符合选例要求的677例耐药结核病患者病案数据,分析不良治疗结局的发生情况及其影响因素.结果:677例研究对象中,193例(28.5％)治疗成功、280例(41.4％)在治、204例(30.1％)出现了不良治疗结局(包括13例因发生不良反应停止治疗、9例失败、32例死亡、150例失访).其中,发生不良治疗结局患者的中位生存时间为729 d.基于完整数据集的Cox模型多因素分析显示:广州市外户籍、合并糖尿病、省间流动和年龄增长是耐药结核病患者发生不良治疗结局的危险因素[分别为HR(95％CI)=1.74(1.21～2.49),P=0.002;HR(95％CI)=1.59(1.10～2.32),P=0.015;HR(95％CI)=2.29(1.26～4.18),P=0.007;HR(95％CI)=1.01(1.00～1.03),P=0.011],耐多药是保护因素[HR(95％CI)=0.53(0.36～0.79),P=0.002].结论:耐药结核病患者的不良治疗结局发生率较高,应加强对耐药结核病患者的治疗和长期管理,特别是其中合并糖尿病、流动自外省、年龄更大、因户籍所限不能享受本市医疗优惠待遇的患者.

目的 分析广州市休市前后22轮环境监测结果,评价休市措施对禽类市场H7N9禽流感病毒污染的影响,为政府今后调整休市措施提供依据.方法 2017年2月15日-3月8日对广州市18个市场每日采集5份标本,使用RT-PCR检测环境标本中的通用A流感核酸,若阳性再进行H7检测分型,对不同阶段、不同部位的H7阳性标本做线性相关卡方检验,用多重线性回归分析不同时间、不同清洁程度对禽类市场阳性率的主效应和交互效应.结果 休市评估共采集标本1980份,休市期间H7市场阳性率与标本阳性率均呈下降趋势(x2=45.09,P＜0.01).休市第10天,H7阳性率已降为0％.休市前禽肉涂抹及冰箱内壁阳性率为60.00％,复市后脱毛机内壁(x2=12.44,P＜0.01)、砧板/刀具(x2=4.96,P＜0.05)及饮水槽与饲料槽(x2=10.82,P＜0.01)呈上升趋势.不同日期、不同清洁度禽类市场的H7N9禽流感病毒污染率存在交互作用,差异有统计学意义(Waldx2=26.01,P＜0.01).结论 休市对降低禽类市场病毒污染率有效,尤其清洁度高的市场,砧板/刀具、脱毛机及饮水槽/饲料槽是清洗消毒的重点部位.每月1天休市对禽流感净化效果有限,今后应提高市民人禽流感的防病健康素养水平,降低感染风险.

Objectives Drug-resistant tuberculosis remains a serious public health problem worldwide, particularly in developing countries, including China. This study determined treatment outcomes among a cohort in Guangzhou, China, and identified factors associated with them. Methods We initiated a retrospective study using drug-resistant TB data in Guangzhou from 2016 to 2020, managed by Guangzhou Chest Hospital. A competing risk model was used to identify the factors associated with treatment failure and death, as well as loss to follow-up (LTFU). Results A total of 809 patients were included in the study, of which 281 were under treatment. Of the remaining 528 who had clear treatment outcomes, the number and proportion of treatment success, treatment failure, death, and LTFU were 314 (59.5%), 14 (2.7%), 32 (6.0%), and 168 (31.8%), respectively. Being older and having cavities involving the upper lungs were risk factors for treatment failure and death, while non-Guangzhou household registration and interprovincial mobility were risk factors associated with LTFU. Conclusion Treatment failure and death were significantly associated with cavitation in the lungs, and LTFU was significantly associated with household registration and geographical mobility. Early identification of factors associated with different treatment outcomes is extremely important for policymakers, health experts, and researchers to implement appropriate strategies and measures to treat and manage the TB-infected population in China.

目的 分析气象因素对广东省新型冠状病毒肺炎(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19)的影响作用,为疫情的预警预测提供依据.方法 收集2020年1月21日-2月26日广东省COVID-19每日新增确诊病例数以及每日平均气温、平均气压、平均相对湿度、平均风速、降雨量和日照时数等气象资料,应用R软件进行Spearman相关分析,并构建广义相加模型(Generalized Additional Model,GAM)进行滞后影响分析.结果 COVID-19病例自1月21日在广东省首次报告以来,第11天达到发病高峰,从第36天起出现零散报告.GAM分析结果显示,平均温度在滞后0d时,超额危险度(excess risk,ER)为-5.07(95％CI:-6.68～-3.44).平均相对湿度滞后0d时,ER为-0.71(95％CI:-1.16～-0.25).平均风速滞后6d时,ER为-19.88(95％CI:-24.54～-14.94).平均气压滞后3d时,ER为-5.84(95％CI:-7.64～-4.00).日照时数滞后4d时,ER为-6.07(95％CI:-7.61～-4.50).降雨量滞后6d时,ER为-3.12(95％CI:-4.11～-2.13).结论 气温、气压、湿度、风速、降雨量等气象因素可对广东省COVID-19病例发病产生影响,这些因素可作为疫情趋势研判的参考指标.

目的 调查广州市居民对接种新冠疫苗的犹豫率及其影响因素.方法 在全市范围通过电话号码随机抽样1000例广州市居民,由广州市12320卫生热线于2021年4月中旬对抽取的居民进行电话访问,调查居民对接种新冠疫苗的知识、信念和态度.运用SPSS 20.0软件包,分析广州居民的疫苗接种犹豫状况的分布,并通过多因素logistic回归分析影响疫苗犹豫的相关因素,OR及其95％ CI大于1为疫苗犹豫的危险因素.结果 1000位调查对象的平均年龄为(33.90±9.27)岁,男性占44.1％,男女比例为1∶1.27,疫苗犹豫的调查对象占30.0％.城市居民犹豫率(31.6％)高于农村居民(23.6％);小学及以下学历者犹豫率(52.2％)高于中学和大学学历者;自评身体健康状况良好和较差者犹豫率均低于自评健康状况中等者(40.4％);对疫苗作用了解不多者犹豫率(40.2％)高于了解者(26.7％),其P值皆＜0.05.多因素logistic回归分析发现,城市居民(OR=1.469)、低学历(OR=2.800)、自评健康状况中等(OR=1.887)、对疫苗作用了解不多(OR=1.960)、认为疫苗不能有效避免新冠病毒(OR =2.733)、认为身体健康(OR=2.730)、认为国内风险不高(OR=4.749)、认为治疗手段完善(OR =2.652)、认为疫苗存在风险(OR=1.597)、担心疫苗副作用(OR =2.524)、担心疫苗是假冒伪劣或过期产品(OR=1.813)、担心疫苗接种人员操作不规范(OR=1.729)、难预约(OR=1.706)及易受到同事同学(OR=1.353)、家人(OR=1.451)、社交媒体(OR=1.383)疫苗犹豫的影响是导致新冠肺炎疫苗接种犹豫的危险因素(P值皆＜0.05).结论 居民存在对新冠肺炎疫苗接种犹豫的现象,需要通过广泛宣传和健康教育来提升公众对新冠肺炎疫苗的信心,增强公众对新冠肺炎疫苗的接种意识,提高新冠肺炎疫苗接种率.

Abstract Background An outbreak of pneumonia, COVID-19 associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan city and then rapidly spread to other cities. Wenzhou is located approximately 900 km from Wuhan, which was experiencing an outbreak that was severe at the time but is considered modest as the epidemic became a pandemic. We described the epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 outside of the epicenter to help understand the transmission pattern in a mid-sized Chinese city. Methods To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19, we described case series of 473 patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Wenzhou, China from January 27 to March 16, 2020. We described the public health interventions of COVID-19 and evaluated the effect of interventions by the effective reproduction number (Rt). Results The median age of all patients was 47.6 years, 48.4% of whom were female. 33.8% of the patients had a history of residence in Wuhan. Fever (71.7%) and cough (43.1%) were the most common symptoms. In addition, three kinds of unconventional cases were observed, namely 4.9% asymptomatic patients, 7.6% confirmed patients who had no link to Wuhan city but contact with individuals from Wuhan without any symptoms at the time of contact, and 12.9% confirmed patients who had an unknown source of transmission. We estimated that the basic reproductive number (R0) was 2.75 (95% CI: 2.37–3.23). The Rt fluctuated within the range of 2.50 to 3.74 from January 11 to January 16 while gradually reached a peak of 3.74 on January 16. Rt gradually decreased after January 16 and decreased to 1.00 on January 30. Rt continually decreased and reached the lowest point (0.03) on February 21, 2020. Conclusion Our study presented the possibility of asymptomatic carriers affected with SARS-CoV-2, and transmission by these three kinds of unconventional patients in Wenzhou may be an important characteristic of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The evaluation showed that a series of multifaceted interventions proved effective in controlling the epidemic of COVID-19. These findings might provide valuable examples of control policies for countries or areas in combatting the global pandemic of COVID-19.

Introduction: HPV vaccines were administered in mainland China from July 2017 at a gradual rate. We aimed to assess the vaccination rate and vaccination influencing factors among college students in mainland China.Methods: From October to December 2018, we conducted face-to-face questionnaires including 5 sections and 22 questions to collect demographic information, HPV infection and transmission knowledge, HPV vaccine knowledge and attitudes among college students in Guangzhou, China. HPV vaccine vaccination status and cervical screening behaviors were self-reported. Knowledge and attitudes differences between the vaccinate and non-vaccinate groups were analyzed using univariable logistic regression. Vaccination-related influencing factors were estimated using multivariable logistic regression.Results: 5307 of 5414 valid questionnaires were collected. The self-reported cervical screening rate and HPV vaccine coverage were 11.82% (9.03%-14.61%) and 3.09% (2.62%-3.56%). In total, 55.57% of the participants were hesitant about vaccination. Urban residence (OR = 2.1, 95%CI: 1.4–3.3), high monthly consumption (OR = 2.6, 95%CI: 1.9–3.6), awareness of vaccination adaptive population (OR = 3.1, 95%CI: 1.9–5.0), awareness of infection-related risk factors (OR = 2.5, 95%CI: 1.1–5.7), and awareness of HPV vaccine effectiveness (OR = 3.2, 95%CI: 2.0–5.2) were significant in multivariable logistic regression.Conclusion: HPV vaccine coverage is quite low among college students in China Guangzhou. Economic affordability, awareness of HPV infection, and belief in the effectiveness of HPV vaccine are influencing factors for vaccination. In the future, establishing a national financial subsidy and strengthening health education is needed to increase the vaccination rate in China.

目的 探讨广州市区小学生的性格发展状况,为了解和促进广州市儿童的性格和身心健康发展提供科学依据和建议.方法 采取横断面调查研究,通过整群随机抽样的方法抽取广州市区两所小学三年级学生共405名,采用儿童艾森克个性问卷(Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaire,JEPQ)量表进行问卷调查,采用两独立样本t检验比较性别、年龄组、不同地区间的JEPQ各维度得分,采用卡方检验比较不同地区间JEPQ各维度的高分比例.结果 广州市区小学生JEPQ的内外向(extroversion and introversion,E)、神经质(neuroticism,N)、精神质(psy-choticism,P)、掩饰性(lie,L)维度标准分T分分别为50±11、50±16、42±18、50±10.其中,20.6％的儿童情绪不稳定(N维度T分>61.5);22.3％和32.7％的儿童分别为内向(E维度T分<43.3)和外向(E维度T分>56.7)倾向;6.3％的儿童性格孤僻或有攻击性(P维度T分>61.5).与重庆、滁州、和西安地区相比,广州地区男女生的E维度得分较高(除西安女生,P<0.05).结论 广州市区的两成小学生有焦虑、紧张的倾向,与其他城市相比更为外向.建议打造学校-社区-家庭"三位一体"的支持网络,为儿童的身心健康发育保驾护航.

目的 分析2014-2019年广州市涂阳肺结核患者流行病学特征,为制定肺结核防治措施提供科学依据.方法 通过《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》的子系统《结核病信息管理系统》,收集广州市2014-2019年登记的24 344例涂阳肺结核患者的信息,包括户籍、性别、职业、患者发现方式、治疗分类等,应用季节指数对时间序列进行季节效应分析,应用莫兰指数(Moran I)对地理信息作全局空间自相关分析.结果 2014-2019年广州市涂阳肺结核年均登记率为28.53/10万(24 344/8533.38万);各区年均登记率在20.49/10万?43.74/10万,平均登记率呈现"西高东低"的特征;越秀区涂阳肺结核年均登记率最高(43.74/10万,3069/701.68万);广州市涂阳肺结核总登记率由2014年的38.39/10万(5022/1308.05万)下降至2019年的21.39/10万(3274/1530.59万),差异有统计学意义(x2趋势 =1110.440,P＜0.01).涂阳肺结核患者中,男17 331例,女7013例,男女比例为2.47 ∶ 1;流动人口占比由2014年的30.19％(1516/5022)上升至2019年的47.62％(1559/3274),差异有统计学意义(x2趋势=12.197,P＜0.01);职业以家政待业占比最高,为36.59％(8908/24 344);因症就诊是发现涂阳肺结核患者的主要方式,占48.66％(11 846/24 344);复治患者涂阳率达68.16％(2894/4246).涂阳肺结核流行期为每年的1月(季节指数为110.40)和3?8月(季节指数为分别为108.00、105.70、112.90、104.50、110.40、106.90);全局空间自相关分析发现,广州市涂阳肺结核患者整体无空间聚集性(2014-2019年Moran I值分别为-0.180、-0.160、0.180、0.141、-0.097和-0.095,Z值分别为-0.440、-0.391、1.382、1.038、-0.006和0.032,P 值分别为0.374、0.393、0.101、0.158、0.472和0.463).结论 广州市涂阳肺结核整体流行水平呈下降趋势,涂阳肺结核呈现季节变化规律,不同地区的涂阳肺结核流行情况不同,应将流动人口作为肺结核防治的重点人群.

目的 分析2008-2018年广州市结核病患者诊断延误趋势及影响因素,为制定防治措施提供依据.方法 通过《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》的子系统《结核病管理信息系统》,收集2008-2018年广州市登记治疗的125 180例结核病患者的信息,包括性别、年龄、民族、职业、患者来源、患者分类及并发症发生情况,采用单因素和多因素logistic回归模型分析结核病患者诊断延误的影响因素.结果 2008-2018年广州市结核病患者从初次就诊至诊断的天数的中位数(四分位数)为5(2,15)d,诊断延误率为27.43％(34 343/125 180).单因素分析结果显示,65～102岁年龄组、汉族、职业为教师/医务人员/干部、患者来源为健康检查的诊断延误率分别为29.70％(4610/15 524)、27.50％(33 829/123 013)、33.22％(1320/3974)、37.86％(1017/2686),明显高于年龄25～＜45岁(26.69％,13 585/50 894)、少数民族(23.72％,514/2167)、工人及民工(21.10％,4752/22 520)、患者来源为转诊(25.36％,14 416/56 835),差异均有统计学意义(x2值分别为65.253、15.291、879.541、570.472,P 值均＜0.001).多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,以下特征的结核病患者更容易出现诊断延误:25～＜45、45～＜65、65～102岁年龄组[以＜25岁年龄组为参照,OR(95％CI)值分别为1.072(1.033～1.110)、1.136(1.090～1.184)、1.168(1.105～1.235)];汉族[以少数民族为参照,OR(95％CI)=1.155(1.044～1.278)];职业为儿童及学生、商业服务、教师/医务人员/干部、农民、离退休人员、家政/家务/待业、其他[以工人及民工为参照,OR(95％CI)值分别为1.730(1.617～1.851)、1.784(1.683～1.890)、1.828(1.698～1.968)、1.167(1.111～1.227)、1.632(1.535～1.736)、1.436(1.378～1.497)、1.525(1.462～1.590)];患者来源为健康检查、接触者检查、因症就诊、因症推荐、追踪[以转诊为参照,OR(95％CI)值分别为1.704(1.572～1.848)、1.531(1.227～1.910)、1.031(1.003～1.060)、1.346(1.192～1.520)、1.535(1.467～1.606)].结论 2008-2018年广州市结核病患者诊断延误现象逐年上升.对上述各类诊断延误的影响因素,需要重点加强关注.

目的 探索2014-2019年广州市涂阳肺结核时空聚集性,为结核病防控工作提供科学依据.方法 收集广州市2014-2019年登记的涂阳肺结核患者(简称涂阳患者)病案数据,以街镇为单位应用OpenGeo 1.8和SatScan 9.5软件进行空间自相关和时空扫描分析,分析结果采用ArcGis 10.4进行可视化.结果 2014-2019年广州市共登记管理59 454例肺结核患者,年均登记率为71.47/10万,其中涂阳肺结核24 075例,年均涂阳患者登记率为28.94/10万.涂阳患者登记率呈逐年下降趋势,由2014年的38.43/10万下降至2019年的20.97/10万(x2趋势=1 401.87,P＜0.05).涂阳患者主要聚集在广州市西南部.全局空间自相关分析发现2014-2019年涂阳患者存在显著空间聚集性(Moran's I=0.203、0.321、0.169、0.134、0.112、0.144,P值均＜0.05),局部空间自相关分析发现"高-高"聚集区呈动态变化:整体由越秀区和海珠区逐年向天河区、白云区和花都区转移.时空扫描结果显示越秀区人民街道为一级聚集区的聚集中心(对数似然比为451.17,相对危险度为2.01,P＜0.05),聚集半径为3.33 km,覆盖27个街镇,聚集时间为2014年1月至2016年12月.结论 广州市2014-2019年涂阳患者登记率逐年呈下降趋势,在街镇尺度上呈现显著空间聚集性,"高-高"聚集区由中心城区逐年往北部转移,一级聚集区以越秀区人民街道为中心,聚集半径为3.33 km的区域,应对不同聚集特征的区域采取针对性防控措施,控制其蔓延及扩大.

Objective:To compare epidemic characteristics between severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods:The general information, including epidemiological and clinical data of the confirmed cases during the epidemic period of the two infectious diseases was collected. The data of SARS in Guangzhou was derived from the technical files of Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention (GZCDC), including the statistical report and brief report of the epidemic situation (from January 2 to May 11, 2003);The data of COVID-19 in Wuhan was derived from the epidemic data published by Wuhan health and Health Committee's official website and other publicly reported documents (from December 9, 2019 to March 11, 2020). Descriptive analysis was used for a comparativeanalysis of the time and age characteristics, the number of cases, basic reproduction number (R0), proportion of medical staff in confirmed cases (%), crude mortality, etc.Results:A total of 1 072 cases of SARS in Guangzhou were included in the study. The incidence ratio of male to female was 1∶1.26. 43 cases of death were reported with a mortality rate of 4.01%. The median age was 36 years old. The proportion of medical staff in the early stage of the epidemic was 29.04% (88 cases). As to COVID-19 in Wuhan, a total of 49 978 cases were included, The incidence ratio of male to female was 1.04∶1. The 2 423 cases of death were reported with a mortality rate of 4.85%. The median age was 56 years old. The proportion of medical staff in the early stage of the epidemic was 30.43% (42 cases).Conclusion:The COVID-19 in Wuhan has the characteristics of high incidence and wide population. However, the epidemic situation is falling rapidly, and the prevention and control strategy needs to be adjusted timely. The prevention and control of nosocomial infection should be addressed in future.

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of a case infected with avian influenza A (H5N6) virus associated with exposure to aerosol and provide evidence for the prevention and control of human infection with avian influenza virus. Methods: Epidemiological investigation was conducted to identify the history of exposure, infection route, and disease progression. Real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR was used to test the samples collected from the case, close contacts, environment and poultry market. Results: The case had no history of exposure to live poultry and poultry market. But before the onset the case had a history of exposure to the live poultry placed in a car with doors and windows closed. The samples collected from the case's lower respiratory tract and the remaining frozen chicken meat were all influenza A (H5N6) virus positive. Conclusions: The source of infection was the live poultry, and the infection route might be the exposure to aerosol in a car with doors and windows closed, where the poultry were temporarily stored. It is necessary to promote centralized poultry slaughtering, cold chain distribution and fresh poultry sale, as well as strengthen health education and establish the concept of consuming fresh poultry.

The epidemic of corona virus disease 2019 is now in a wide spread stage As the case-imported cities, it is necessary to strengthen the evaluation of epidemic situation and adapt the prevention and control strategy in time, develop convenient diagnostic kits and carry out extensive screening, implement classified management of inflow personnel, give full play to the role of community in prevention and control, and explore the strategy of personnel quarantine

BACKGROUND: An outbreak of pneumonia associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) was initially emerged in Wuhan city, and subsequently spread throughout China. Then the epidemic is rapidly circulating in a few other countries at present. So it is very urgent to delineate the clinical characteristics of these affected patients. METHODS: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of this new Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a cross-sectional study was executed with 459 patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Wenzhou, China, from January 27 to February 12, 2020. RESULTS: The median age of all patients was 48.0 years, and 46.8% were females. 37.5% of patients had a history of residence in Wuhan. Fever (72.1%) and cough (43.6%) were the most frequent symptoms. We also found that there were three kinds of unconventional patients including 4.4% of total confirmed patients who were asymptomatic, 7.8% patients who had no link to Wuhan city but contact with individuals from Wuhan without any symptoms at the time of contact, and 10.7% who had no link to Wuhan city nor a history of intimate contact with patients or individuals from Wuhan without any symptoms, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings presented the possibility of asymptomatic carriers affected with SARS-CoV-2, and this phenomenon suggested that chances of uncontrollable transmission in the larger population might be higher than formerly estimated, and transmission by these three kinds of unconventional patients in Wenzhou may be one of the characteristics of infection in other Chinese cities outside the Wuhan epidemic area.

目的 在街道/乡镇水平上分析广州市学生肺结核报告发病的时空分布特征,为学校结核病防控提供参考依据.方法 通过《中国疾病预防控制信息系统》中子系统《传染病报告信息管理系统》下载广州市2014年1月1日至2018年12月31日期间发病的学生肺结核患者传染病报告卡个案信息2755条.在街道/乡镇水平上进行全局及局部空间自相关分析和时空扫描分析,探索其时空分布规律.结果 2014-2018年广州市报告学生肺结核患者的发病率分别为17.14/10万、16.42/10万、15.64/10万、16.57/10万和17.22/10万.发病月份上存在2个发病高峰:2014-2016年分别为3月、4月和9月;2017-2018年分别为1月、12月和9月.全局空间自相关分析发现,在街道/乡镇水平上,2014-2015年广州市全人群中的学生发病无空间聚集性,呈随机分布[莫兰指数(Moran I值)分别为-0.004和0.023,Z值分别为0.098和1.238].2016-2018年广州市全人群中的报告学生患者的发病整体呈现空间聚集性(Moran I值分别为0.059、0.172、0.088,Z值分别为2.954、6.706、3.565,P值分别为0.012、0.001、0.005).局部空间自相关分析发现,高-高聚集区主要分布在番禺区:小谷围街道、新造镇;海珠区:琶洲街道、官洲街道;天河区:元岗街道、长兴街道.时空扫描统计结果显示,一级聚集区分布在番禺区(对数似然比为360.04,相对危险度为29.28,P=0.000),覆盖2个街道/乡镇,分别为小谷围街道和新造镇;聚集时间为2016年3月-2018年7月.结论 2016-2018年广州市报告学生肺结核患者在街道/乡镇水平上整体呈现空间聚集性,学生肺结核报告发病的热点主要集中在高校密度高的番禺区小谷围街道片区.