课程标准是教师教学的根本依据,而农村教师实施课标的成效对农村基础教育课程改革的顺利进行及城乡教育均衡发展等至关重要.本文以甘肃省2021年参加"国培计划"的部分农村数学教师为对象,就义务教育数学课程标准的实施成效进行了全面调查.研究发现:教师对课标的认同度较高但日常使用不多;教师了解课标的构成内容但理解深度不够;教师教学有变化但全面落实课标理念不足;教师有反思意识但依课标反思教学程度不深.据此,研究提出了农村数学教师有效实施课标的几点建议.

我国传统数学文化融入数学教科书是课程标准对教科书编写的基本要求,也是实现文化传承与发展的重要举措.以2019年出版的人教A版高中数学教科书为研究对象,从内容分布、呈现方式、认知水平、表征特征四方面进行研究发现:我国传统数学文化融入高中数学教科书的内容分布范围广泛,文化独特内涵得到充分彰显;呈现方式较为多样,利用文化情境创设问题颇具特色;认知水平设置合理,文化与知识内容的联系密切;表征特征突显"单一型表征",而"综合型表征"运用较少.由此得到教学启示:整体把握我国传统数学文化的内容分布,全面挖掘传统文化的育人价值;科学解构我国传统数学文化的呈现方式,深度理解传统文化的内在意蕴;充分遵循学生的认知发展水平,循序渐进地开展融通传统文化的课堂教学;合理采用丰富适宜的表征特征,推动实现"科学"与"审美"并驱而行.

选取中国人教A版高中数学教材与 日本数研版高中数学教材中的"复数"内容为研究对象,从章主题页、知识结构、栏目设计和例习题难度四个方面进行比较.研究发现:人教版章主题页新旧知识衔接紧密,栏目设计构架较丰富,注重基础知识且内容分布聚焦,例习题难度相对偏低;数研版章主题页注重以数学史内容引入,栏目设计较简单,注重知识拓展且内容广泛全面,例习题综合难度较高.在此基础上,得到了我国教材复数内容编写的几点启示.

本文结合《课标》中核心素养的要求和喻平的测评框架,对2021年高考数学乙卷(文、理)中数学学科核心素养的考查情况进行分析研究.基于研究,提出应适当调整核心素养考查的权重,使之全面考查学生的素养,合理开发综合性试题资源,夯实发展"四基",提高"四能",全面体现高考试题的基础性、综合性、应用性和创新性.

研究生物多样性格局与生态系统服务格局之间的空间耦合效应,探讨以生物多样性保育为核心目标的自然保护体系同时能多大程度满足对生态系统服务功能的维护和支撑,已成为自然保护领域新的热点关注问题。目前研究多限于陆域生态系统,其方法难以适用于湿地生态系统。以黄淮海湿地——这一高强度人类活动的区域为研究区,基于湿地生态系统的横向连接度、纵向连接度（2D）以及结合地下水的垂向连接度（3D）,对黄淮海地区湿地具有的生态系统服务功能进行了空间评估和分析,识别出具有重要意义的生态系统服务功能区域,结合现有保护区分布情况进行空间分析,评价现有保护区对生态系统服务功能的支持程度,即生物多样性保护与生态系统服务功能重点区域的空间耦合性。研究结果表明:目前湿地保护区并未有效覆盖湿地生态系统关键区域,湿地生态系统服务关键格局也存在大量明显的保护空缺。同时,随着2D到3D延伸,保护区对生态系统服务功能的支持程度也稍有提高,这与系统保护规划中选择不同保护目标后保护规划格局发生变化的情况类似,而生态系统服务功能的"热点地区"（重要区域）与保护生物学中所指的物种保护的热点地区类似,这表明生态系统服务功能的规划和保护也可以借鉴保护生物学中系统保护规划的理论和方法,为后续研究提供参照。

Longitudinal Range-Gorge Region (LRGR) of YUN Nan Province is characterized with its complex mountain ecosystem and the globally important biodiversity. However, this unique mountain ecosystem is experiencing extensively increased degradation largely due to the human activities, especially the road network development and associated land-use changes. To quantify the effects of road networks on the ecosystem at multi-scales in LRGR of YUN Nan Province, the spatial correlation and ANOVA analysis were conducted between road network density and ecosystem proportional index under different spatial scales varying from 2km × 2km to 20km × 20km. The independent effects of different grades of road networks and their interactive effects with those topographic factors (i. e. altitude, slop and aspect) on the ecosystem in LRGR were further explored. The results showed that the correlation between road network density and ecosystem distribution was mainly determined by the road networks grades with the tendency that correlation decreased with upgrading of the road networks, and the scaling effects of the road networks can be divided into 4 categories; rising, descending, mutation and unsealed. The interactive effects between the road networks and the topographic factors occurred at most scales, implicating that both of them affected the ecosystem distribution. The independent effects of high-grade road networks were more prominent than that of low-grade road networks. The independent effects of low-grade road networks (i. e. county road and trail) and their interactive effects with topographic factors were mostly notable with extremely similar changes of scaling-up, indicating that the effects of low-grade road networks were much extensively but largely mitigated by those topographic factors.