本文介绍了国内8家实验室研究基于图像处理的烟丝宽度测量方法及ISO 20193:2019的精密度及检测效率.结果表明:(1)基于图像处理的烟丝宽度测量方法得到的精密度与ISO 20193:2019处于同一数量级,重复性标准差(S r)与烟丝宽度的比值小于5％,再现性标准差(S R)与烟丝宽度的比值小于8％;(2)基于图像处理的烟丝宽度测量方法比ISO 20193:2019的检测效率高.

目的:设计一套高原制氧装备远程监控系统,实时远程监控多个制氧装备的运行状况.方法:该系统主要包括现场监测终端、现场北斗通信终端、远程监控终端和远程北斗通信终端4个部分.现场监测终端使用RS-485通信模式获取布置在制氧装备关键节点的相关传感器信息,并利用北斗系统RDSS短报文通信技术将制氧装备的现场工况发送到远程监控终端,远程监控终端对所有装备的工况信息进行分类诊断,并对存在故障的装备进行信息反馈处理.结果:现场监测终端所采集的传感器信息准确,远程监控终端可实现对制氧装备运行状态信息的实时、准确监测和分析,当装备发生故障时可立即采取相应的应急措施.结论:该系统实现了高原环境下制氧装备的远程实时监测和应急处理,对保障制氧装备的稳定运行具有重要意义.

针对卷烟吸阻测量过程中临界流量孔件(CFO器件)生成的高速微小气体流量产生的压差受到环境温湿度影响,难以准确测量的问题,设计了由进样模块、标准包覆模块、电路系统、气路系统等组成的卷烟吸阻检测装置,用于精密检测CFO器件生成的高速微小气体流量产生的压差.根据卷烟吸阻测量标准的流量要求(17.5±0.3) mL/s,采用CFO器件产生标准微小气体流量17.5 mL/s作用于烟蒂端.基于STM32的核心控制板,采用压差传感器对测量管路压降精密检测,使用温度传感器和湿度传感器对环境温湿度进行实时监测.通过标准棒修正由差压传感器本身带来的误差以及试验环境中温湿度波动带来的误差.结果表明,卷烟吸阻检测装置实现了测量过程中管路压降的精密测量和温湿度影响的修正,测量精度达5 Pa,比现有测量标准要求提高了1倍.

基于可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱(TDLAS)技术、波长调制技术和二次谐波检测方法,利用CO和CO2在1579 nm处的泛频吸收特征,结合改造后的单孔道吸烟机,建立了卷烟主流烟气逐口检测系统.实验结果表明:气体浓度与其二次谐波强度的线性度较好,系统响应速度较快,精度能达到检测要求,逐口检测稳定性、重复性和灵敏度均较好.同类型卷烟主流烟气中CO、CO2的逐口释放量除第1口之外,均呈递增趋势,CO2的逐口释放量和递增速率均比CO的大,且不同类型的卷烟遵循相同的规律.所建系统具有检测速度快、时间分辨率高、结构简单等优势,在卷烟烟气有害物质的快速检测领域具有较好的应用前景.

To eliminate the defects of inconvenience operation,puff-by-puff detection that can't be done online which caused by using non-dispersive infrared method to detect CO in cigarette mainstream smoke,a new online detection system using tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy(TDLAS)technology is established based on LabVIEW.The system hardware mainly consists of a smoking machine for cigarette smoking and a TDLAS controller for CO detection.By processing the data acquired from the lock-in amplifier that housed in TDLAS controller,the concentration of CO in cigarette mainstream smoke is calculated.Thus the content of CO in each puff can also be calculated with definite volume.The result shows that the system can effectively detect the content of CO in cigarette mainstream smoke puff-by-puff and online with a stable and reliable operation.

Fifteen samples were tested to study stability and correlation of ISO/CD 3550-3、ISO 3550-1 and ISO 3550-2 results. Bootstrap numeric simulation method, correlation analysis and multi-factor analysis of variance were adopted to analyze data. Results showed that stability of the three methods was at the same level, and ISO/CD 3550-3 result showed a significant positive linear correlation with that of <br> ISO 3550-1 and ISO 3550-2, respectively. Different methods can significantly affect testing results.

In order to accurately analyze the puff-by-puff release characteristics of CO in gas phase of mainstream cigarette smoke, an on-line puff-by-puff analysis system for cigarette smoke was established, which incorporated tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology with a modified single port smoking machine. The effects of cigarette smoke remained in pipeline and filter pad holder on the results of puff-by-puff analysis were analyzed with the system. The puff-by-puff release and transfer tendency of CO in mainstream smoke of cigarettes of four different types were analyzed. The results showed that: 1)The puff-by-puff transfer tendency of CO obviously differed before and after flushing the residual smoke from pipeline and filter pad holder. 2)Under the flushing mode, the puff-by-puff release of CO in mainstream smoke decreased at the first and second puffs then increased gradually with the minimum at the second puff. Comparing with traditional analysis methods, the modified single port smoking machine combined with TDLAS technology can complete the analysis of CO in cigarette smoke quickly and avoid the interference from other components in mainstream cigarette smoke effectively.

In order to investigate the difference of results determined by rotating cubic box method and rotating cylindrical cage method,37 cigarette samples of different brands were tested.The relationship between these two methods was analyzed by calculating the correlation coefficient.The results showed that though presented good correlation,the difference between the two results was so obvious that they were not convertible.

For the problem of spectral distortion in all fiber Fourier transform spectrometer caused by the phenomenon of polarization fading on the output interferometric signal,the effect of optical fiber birefringence which were induced by stress,bending and twisting to light polarization state were analysed by Polariztion Optics theory,and find the reason of spectral distortion in FFTS.Finally,in order to stabilize the fringe visibility,the method to establish feedback control system of polarization state was proposed.Experimental results demonstrate that the impact of polarization state change has been eliminated by the method.

The influence of optical coherence on fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer was analyzed.The model of fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer was established when ideal or unideal optical source was applied.Through simulating interferometric signal by computer under the condition of nonmonochromatic light,the symmetry of fringes deteriorated,the fluctuating domain of fringes became small as the ratio of cavity length to coherence length increasing.At last the fringes changed into a line.The visibility of fringes approached zero slowly.At the same time,the influence of coupling efficiency and nonmonochromatic optical sources was studied.When the cavity length rose,both the amplitude and varing range of interferometric signal decreased,signal-to-noise ratio deterioated.In order to obtain good quality interferometric signal,the cavity length should be suitable and the ratio of cavity length to coherence length must be less than 0.1.

The traditional non-contact measurement system by linear CCD is unable to satisfy modern demands on speed and precision.A new measurement method is introduced,which the DSP works as signal processor,the CPLD works as timing generator,with high-speed ADC and FIFO.The cottrol part that the CPLD works with DSP to carry the efficient and flexible data acquisition is introduced in detail.The experiments show the system is efficiently and stability.

Traditional data acquisition system always uses a full flag or half-full flag of FIFO as interrupt request signal sign.This paper introduces the new interface design,which the CPLD works as the logic control core,and uses its interruption module to offer the request signal.Solve the issues that the data being storage not matching with the capability of FIFO.This design not only improves the speed of data acquisition effectively,but also has many advantages,such as with a simple interface circuit,universality,easy to transplant,and other features that can be extensively used in communications and image acquisition.

Considering the cigarette paper image with different gray-scale between embossed rib area and non-embossed areas due to the different reflectivity of light, using VFW (Video for Window) technology, feature extraction and other related computer image processing methods, a intensity of press marks on cigarette paper detection system based on ordinary camera and under the Windows Platform was designed. This system realizes the software-only control of the auto detection of the intensity of press marks on cigarette paper. The experiment result indicated the system can provide satisfactory results.

The fiber-optic weigh technology is the process to estimate the gross weight of the loads, by measu-ring the loads forces acting on the weigh system with fiber-optic sensing technology. Several fiber-optic weigh system have been reported by prior authors, such as the microbending system, the polarimetric system and the interferometric system. Here, we demonstrate a novel weigh system based on fiber Bragg grating(FBG) sen-sing technology. The sensing principle of FBG is that: when the physical quantity, strain or temperature, monitored by FBG sensors changes, it will cause the reflected wavelength shift of the FBG sensors. This wavelength shift is proportional to the variation of strain or temperature. Compared with other fiber-optic systems, the FBG-based weigh system, which is simpler in design and easier to be integrated, can offer higher accuracy, longer lifetime, and lower costs simultaneously. In the weigh system, the load-supporting structure is very important. In this experiment, a metal cantilever beam was chosen as the elastic body of the weigh system to support the loads. With the theory of the strength of materials, we analyzed the cantilever beam structure and deduced that the force on the free end of the cantilever beam was direct proportion to the deflection variation of the beam. We could use a FBG to detect the deflection of the beam to calculate the force on the free end of the beam. Based on this conclusion, we designed the cantilever beam with special parameters to meet this weigh system. We also used the ANSYS software to calculate the deflection of the designed cantilever beam, and the result showed that this metal cantilever beam was suitable for this weigh system. In this experiment, in order to use the FBG detect the deflection variation of the cantilever beam, one end of the FBG was adhered on the free end of the standard cantilever beam with special gelatin, then the FBG was dragged to make the FBG reflected wavelength shift about 1 nm. Finally, the other end of the FBG was adhered on the motherboard of the weigh system. The bonding coefficient of the gelatin is about 0.93. When the loads were applied to the end of the cantilever beam, it caused the deflection of the beam, and this caused the FBG deformation along the fiber longitudinal direction. A fiber grating interrogator was applied to detect the wavelength shift of FBG. The best resolution of the interrogator is 1 pm, and the scan rate of the interrogator can reach 5 000 Hz. According to monitoring the wavelength shift of the FBG, the deflection variation of the cantilever beam could be obtained. After analyzing the cantilever beam structure, we could derive the mathematic relationship between the loads applied to the end of the beam and the flexivity of the beam, and the weight of the applied loads could be made out by the value of the flexivity. The experiment results demonstrated that the weight range of this system could reached about 50 kg, the sensitivity of this system was about 0.05 kg, and the related linear regression coefficient is 0.999 7.

The air permeability is an important physical index of cigarette paper.Accurate measurement of paper permeability is increasingly necessary in research and quality assurance.Facing the serious market competition,the enterprise needs the advanced technique and instrument that can accurately measure the permeability of paper to upgrade the quality of product and the efficiency of measurement.The basic concept and measuring methods of paper permeability are introduced in this paper.The measuring techniques of air permeability,off-line and on-line,at home and abroad,are analyzed and compared.

用树脂固化仪优选了适宜于制作弹性印章的硅橡胶的最佳固化配比,当固化剂B组分为2.5%～3.0%时硅橡胶具有最佳的固化速度和弹性性能,最适于制作弹性印章.用毛细微模塑法制作了硫酸铜、苯甲酸钠等无机盐和聚酰胺酸、聚乙二醇等聚合物材料的微结构,并尝试了K2CO3和CuSO4溶液在毛细微通道中的化学反应.

M48T86是意法半导体公司(ST公司)生产的一种实时时钟/日历芯片.它具有精确计时、定时报警输出等功能,由于其内置128字节的非易失性RAM,因而具有功能强、使用方便等特点.文中详细介绍了M48T86的引脚功能、性能特点和主要参数,给出了其在检测系统中的应用电路和程序设计方法.

微液滴的非机械驱动是操纵微小尺寸液体流动的新方法.本文介绍当前有关微液滴非机械驱动的研究进展,包括:利用电化学方法产生并消耗表面活性分子来产生表面张力梯度;把表面浸润性梯度和温度梯度相结合;通过光敏化合物偶氮部分顺反异构的转换导致表面自由能的变化,最后由光照来驱动微液滴,以及利用固体基片上的亲水疏水条纹构建微芯片上实验室的液体非机械输送网络.

CS5513是美国 CRYSTAL公司生产的一种 20bit串行模 /数转换器.文中详细介绍了该芯片的性能特点、内部结构、工作时序和应用注意事项,并给出了 CS5513在流量检测设备中具体的应用电路原理图和程序流程图 .