生态环境监测管理制度改革对省级生态环境监测机构的管理能力提出更高要求,在数字化发展战略背景下,推动生态环境监测数字化建设是促进监测能力现代化的必由之路.以广东省为例,从生态环境监测管理需求出发,分析改革面临的难点和问题,提出了构建智慧生态环境监测管理体系的思路.以监测业务为主线,串联全省监测人、财、物、事的管理,利用数字技术赋能传统监测机构,提升生态环境监测服务效能.

针对2020年4月25—30日在广东鹤山发生的细颗粒物(PM2.5)与臭氧(O3)复合污染过程,分析了挥发性有机物(VOCs)的O3生成潜势(OFP)和二次有机气溶胶(SOA)生成潜势,并对VOCs来源进行了解析.结果表明,PM2.5和O3小时质量浓度分别为20～102、6～292μg/m3,O3和PM2.5污染交替发生.VOCs小时体积分数为4.64×10-9～6.13×10-8,污染前期(25—26日)主要属于氮氧化物(NOx)控制;污染中期(27—28日)同时受到VOCs和NOx控制;污染后期(29—30日)属于VOCs控制.OFP贡献最大的前10种VOCs物种包括芳香烃和链烃,而SOA生成潜势贡献最大的前10种VOCs物种均为芳香烃.VOCs主要来源依次为交通源、溶剂挥发源、大气中本身的老化VOCs、石化工业源和燃料使用源.

"十四五"期间,粤港澳大湾区将会迎来新一轮大开发、大建设、大发展,绿色发展与山水林田湖草一体化保护将面临更大的机遇与挑战.生态环境监测作为生态环境保护的重要基础,亟需强化支撑、引领、服务作用.文章对粤港澳大湾区生态环境监测发展现状进行了梳理,从环境质量状况、生态环境管理、环境监测网络等方面将粤港澳大湾区与东京、纽约、旧金山三大世界级湾区进行系统比较,对标查找差距与不足,并对面临的机遇与挑战进行了深入剖析.在此基础上,针对生态环境监测区域布局、现代感知网络、智慧应用与"美丽湾区"综合评价、联合监测与信息发布、产学研用一体化等方面,提出了粤港澳大湾区当前及今后一个时期生态环境监测发展的相关建议.

综合应用Mann-Kendall(M-K)、季节性Kendall(S-K)非参数检验方法和局部加权回归散点平滑法(LOWESS)分析东江流域长时间尺度(16 a)和短时间尺度(5 a)水质变化趋势,解析流量与点面源污染对水质指标变化的贡献.结果表明:东江干流DO呈明显下降趋势,TN呈明显上升趋势;二级支流淡水河整治成效显著,水质呈明显改善趋势.流域中上游水体耗氧有机物相对稳定且水平较低,而下游存在较大量耗氧有机物排放.S-K检验有利于发现不同月份水情影响下的水质变化,检验出东江干流NH3-N呈明显下降趋势.M-K(LOWESS)模型有利于解析各水质指标受上游集雨区汇水过程和点面源污染影响情况.

针对2021年4月在佛山市狮山镇的在线监测大气挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)的监测结果,分析了大气VOCs的浓度水平及化学组成、日变化特征、臭氧生成潜势(OFP)及来源解析.结果 表明,监测期间佛山市大气VOCs共检出的55种组分总平均体积浓度为35.28×10-9,表现为烷烃＞芳香烃＞炔烃＞烯烃;臭氧污染日VOCs呈现双峰分布的变化特征,早晚浓度较高,午间VOCs浓度较低;VOCs组分的总OFP为91.39×10-9,不同组分对总OFP的贡献率排序为芳香烃＞烯烃＞烷烃＞炔烃;佛山市大气中VOCs的主要有6个来源,各源占比情况依次为:溶剂使用源＞LPG排放源＞机动车排放源＞燃烧源＞燃料挥发源＞植物排放源.重点控制溶剂使用源的VOCs排放,同时加强LPG使用源与燃烧源的减排,将有利于本地区的臭氧污染控制.

为研究珠江口城市河流水体高光谱特征与城市河流水质指数(CWQI)的关系,对中山市典型河流开展了高光谱监测和同步水质分析,基于偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)建立了高光谱数据与CWQI的反演模型,并研究了反演模型的最佳光谱分辨率和最优主成分数.结果 表明:基于化学需氧量、总磷、氨氮和溶解氧4项水质指标质量浓度值计算得到的CWQI值可较好地反映研究区河流水质状况;水体不同波段的光谱反射率与CWQI存在一定的相关性,可用于区分不同CWQI的水体;光谱分辨率为50 nm、提取主成分数为8时的反演模型效果最优,验证集均方根误差和平均相对误差分别为0.768和18.1％.将该反演模型与无人机高光谱监测数据结合,可较好地反映河流水质的空间差异.

采用过滤法与吸收法联用的采样方法,测定燃煤电厂烟气中Pb,并通过试验考察4种不同的吸收液和4种不同采样流量对测定的影响.结果表明:0.1 mol/L HNO3、体积分数为5％的HNO3+10％的H2 O2和体积分数为1.6％的HNO3+2.5％的HCl 3种吸收液均对Pb起到良好的捕集作用,且测定结果相近.采样流量控制在20 L/min吸收效果最好.

In order to evaluate the pollution characteristics and sources of heavy metals in atmosphere surrounding coal-fired power plant,the concentrations of heavy metals in the environment and sources surrounding a coal-fired power plant were measured in a mountainous area of Guangdong Province.The characteristics of heavy metal pollution were also studied.The source apportionment of heavy metals in local environment was carried out using factor analysis and lead (Pb) isotope analysis technique.The results showed that heavy metal concentration in indoor dusts of study area was significantly higher than in soil,which spatial distribution of pollution associated with the local meteorological conditions.The pollution of heavy metals in the ambient air TSP was mainly from two sources.Cd,Pb,As were mainly from coal-fired power plants,and Cu,Mn,A1,Mg were mainly from soil dust.Pb isotope in samples of TSP,deposits and dusts was homologous with samples of coal,slag and fly ash from the power plant,but not with other sources.Thus,atmospheric Pb pollution in study area was mainly from the power plant emissions of soot,not other sources of pollution.

The aim of this work was to measure the concentrations of heavy metals in house dust and soil samples as well as study the characteristics and distribution of heavy metal pollution in the surrounding ar-ea of coal-fired power plant in Guangdong Province.The risk assessment of heavy metals in dust was also carried out using US EPA Health Risk Assessment Model.The results revealed that the order of concen-trations of metals was Zn >Mn >Pb >Cu >Cr >As >Cd >Hg.The heavy metal pollution levels of dust were relatively high,which were higher than those in soil to varying degrees.The pollution of Zn,Pb, Cd and Cu in dust was likely to be anthropogenic,mainly due to industrial and traffic sources.However, the pollution of As,Hg and Mn in dust was not obviously anthropogenic.Spatial distribution of heavy metal in dust was clearly affected by soot emissions of power plant.Nemerow Indexes were significantly correlated with local wind direction and frequency,decreased with incremental distance from the power plant.It is evident that the concentrations of Pb,Zn and Hg also decreased with incremental distance from the power plant.Potential health risk for children was significantly higher than for adults.The non-cancer risk of metals was Pb >Mn >Cr >As >Zn >Cu >Hg >Cd,while the carcinogen risk of metals was As >Cr >Pb >Cd.In particular,the non-cancer risk of Pb for children was high,which required more attention.The non-cancer risks of other metals for children were low.Non-cancer risks for adults were ignorable.Carcinogen risks of metals were in an acceptable range,indicating no carcinogenic hazard to children and adults.

采用基于多排放系数的煤电行业大气铅排放量计算方法,计算2011-2013年广东省铅排放量,并分析铅污染的地区分布和排放特征.结果表明:全省煤电行业每年向大气中排放铅污染物80.6 t,占燃煤中含铅总量的3.72％;燃煤铅排放系数呈逐年下降趋势,平均值为6.33 kg/万t;燃煤机组大气铅排放量由高到低分别为珠三角＞粤东＞粤西＞粤北,东莞、广州和江门3市铅排放量最高;铅集中排放强度高的城市大多为沿海城市,大气污染扩散条件较好;山区城市中梅州铅集中排放强度较高,其余城市较低;珠三角出海口主要大气铅排放点源分布密集,易形成区域污染,存在一定风险.

Lead ( Pb) is a harmful element and may cause environmental issues during coal combustion. A full?scale study of Pb migration was conducted at three fluidized bed furnace boiler units of two coal?fired power plants. Samples of coal, flue gas, fly ash, slag were collected under different load conditions of boiler units and their Pb content was also detected. Migration characteristics of Pb in all sectors of boiler units were studied by material balance accounting. The results revealed that changes of load had little effect on the Pb content of flue gas, fly ash and slag. Pb concentrations in flue gas emissions were less than 2 μg/m3 . In the flue gas after electrostatic bag dust collectors, Pb content of particulates was less than that of aerosol. Pb accumulated in slag and ash, with average enrichment factors of 2. 16 and 3. 02. Fly ash had more enrichment capability of Pb than slag. Pb content of dusts in bag collectors was slightly higher than those in electrostatic collectors. After combustion, the proportion of Pb distribution was 62. 49% in fly ash, 37. 49% in slag and 0. 02% in flue gas. As fluidized bed furnace boiler had a lower release rate of Pb than pulverized coal?fired boiler, it had more advantages in Pb pollution control. Effect of dust removal process on Pb in flue gas mainly occurred as fly ash adsorption on Pb and dust collector separation on fly ash, the latter dominated. Because the proportion of Pb in flue gas was low and Pb was basically adsorbed on fly ash, the dust removal efficiency directly determined the removal efficiency of Pb.

Avicennia marina(Forsk.) Vierh,was submerged to different levels of non-tidal waterlogging to study the permanent influence of inundation condition on membrane lipid peroxidation system,aiming to evaluate its tolerance to non-tidal waterlogging.The results indicated that SOD(superoxide dismutase) of A.marina treated with seven inundation gradients had stable sequence within the two experimental stages,while CAT(catalase) and MDA(malondialdehyde) also showed the same profile.This paper aims to provide reference for water level control in the non-tidal waterlogging conditions,which was specified as one of the key technologies performed during mangrove afforestation at non-tidal habitats.

随着市场经济体制的不断发展与完善,成本优势在竞争中的作用越来越明显,加强地质勘查项目的成本管理对提高社会资源利用效率、提高地质勘查项目的社会效益和经济效益有着非常重要的作用,对地质勘查项目成本管理中存在的问题进行了分析,供相关人员参考。

随着信息技术在环境监测的应用领域不断扩大,监测设备也逐步转向信息化和自动化,在普及计算机和具备局域网络的前提下,构建一套环境监测站综合管理系统对站内数据从收集、处理等全过程进行管理,显得尤为必要。文章分析了信息技术环境监测系统,在此基础上,阐述了3S技术的应用,得出结论。

The effects of mangroves restored with different species on nitrogen of coastal surface sediments were studied.Results showed that TN increase significantly after the mangrove restoration.Compared to nude flats,restoration of Sonneratia apetala and Sonneratia caseolaris(introduced) improved the contents of NH 4+-N and NO x--N of surface layer soils,which was entirely opposite to Aegiceras corniculatum and Kandelia candel(indigenous).When matter transfer between the surface sediment and the water in shore,different potential environmental effects of nutrient transport and exchange process may exist in the tidal flat sediment-water interface between introduced and indigenous mangrove restoration.

Mangroves are the diverse communities of tropical to subtropical trees and shrubs growing in inter-tidal zone.This particular zone endows the mangrove plants the capability of resisting and reducing contamination.However,there are still controversies about whether natural mangrove forests can be utilized to treat wastewater.According to the types of constructed mangrove wetlands,they are classified into three groups,i.e.,simulated tide wetland system,constructed wetland wastewater treatment system,and integrated mangrove-aquiculture system.The first one simulates the tidal situation of true seashore;the second one resembles most of ordinary constructed wetlands;while the third one is the aquiculture pond planted with mangrove to remove organic matter and nutrients.Different types of the constructed wetlands are the evidences of the progress in research work,showing the gradual process from theory to practice.It is feasible and promising to use constructed mangrove wetlands for wastewater treatment.

As polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) in mangrove ecosystem may cause ecological risk,monitoring of PCBs in sediments is of great importance.This work presents the determination of trace PCBs in mangrove sediment samples,under the condition of quality assurance/quality control(QA/QC).In this study,both ultrasonic extraction(USE) and microwave-assisted extraction(MAE) are tried.According to properties of the samples,PCBs are cleaned up with copper,sulfuric acid and alumina-silica chromatography column.Then,PCBs are detected by the apparatus of GC/MS.The results show that both USE and MAE have high recoveries.The recoveries of the whole analysis range from 47.45% to 100.76% by USE and from 77.04% to 98.00% by MAE,respectively,and MAE has higher accuracy.The method detection limits for PCBs range from 0.30 to 1.74 ng/g by USE and from 0.30 to 0.47 ng/g by MAE.So MAE is a better choice.

Nansha district of Guangzhou city was taken as an example to illustrate the development process and utilization of wetlands in the alluvial plain of Pearl River Delta.The characteristics,ecological functions and importance of the wetlands as well as their threatening factors were discussed.

Mangrove ecosystem is a complex and special ecosystem.In present,mangrove ecosystem is a very important field stud-ied by environmental science and ecology,while the studies on microbiology of mangrove ecosystems are paid more attention.In the recent years,the researches about microbiology of mangrove ecosystems have been focused on the diversity of microorganisms,metabolic compounds and environmental remediation.In the future,not only the previous works should be further studied and ad-vanced biotech should be used,but also the correlations of microorganisms with the balance of materials and engine,other bios in mangrove systems and climate should be further studied.

The florescence of twenty chestnut species were studied.According to the encounter period of male and female flowers blossoms,a table were designed,and the table show the pollination species of each chestnut in evidence.