BACKGROUND:Histone lactylation is an emerging epigenetic modification involved in tumor progression, but its transcriptional characteristics and clinical relevance in prostate cancer (PCa) remain poorly understood. PURPOSE:To preliminarily explore histone lactylation-related transcriptional features in prostate cancer and identify potential diagnostic biomarkers. METHODS:The TCGA-PRAD dataset was used as the training cohort and the GSE46602 dataset as the validation cohort. Based on histone lactylation-related genes (HLRGs) reported in the literature, single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) scores were calculated to characterize histone lactylation-related transcriptional states. Differentially expressed genes were identified between tumor and normal tissues, as well as between highand low-ssGSEA score groups, and overlapping genes were selected for further analysis. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was then applied to identify genes significantly associated with PCa, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate their discriminatory performance. Functional enrichment and regulatory network analyses were also performed. In addition, gene expression was examined in prostate-related cell lines, and gene knockdown experiments were conducted to preliminarily assess the effects on prostate cancer cell viability and proliferation. RESULTS:GPR19 and SLC22A16 were ultimately identified as candidate biomarkers. Both genes were significantly upregulated in prostate cancer tissues and cell lines. Functional analyses indicated that GPR19 and SLC22A16 were associated with the "cell cycle" and "aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis" pathways, respectively. In vitro experiments showed that knockdown of SLC22A16 significantly suppressed the viability and proliferation of PC-3 cells. CONCLUSION:Based on histone lactylation-related transcriptional features, this study preliminarily identified GPR19 and SLC22A16 as genes associated with prostate cancer and provided supportive evidence for their potential biological relevance. Further studies are required to elucidate their regulatory mechanisms and clinical significance.

Background and Objectives: The abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated gene (ASPM) plays a crucial role in the formation of the mitotic spindle and neurogenesis. ASPM may also contribute to the development of various cancers. Investigate the role of ASPM in bladder urothelial carcinoma (BLCA). Methods: The expression differences of ASPM between unmatched samples were analyzed with the Welch T-test and between paired samples with the paired sample t-test. Evaluating the effectiveness of ASPM in diagnosing BLCA with ROC analysis. Determining the prognostic factors in the ASPM highexpression group and the low-expression group with Cox regression analysis. The relationship between ASPM and immune cells was analyzed through Spearman correlation. Results: The ROC curve showed that ASPM had a high diagnostic ability for BLCA. Patients with high expression of ASPM had a shorter progression-free interval (PFI). GO and KEGG analyses revealed that ASPM-related DEGs were associated mainly with ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. ASPM expression in BLCA was positively correlated with the infiltration of Th2 cells and T helper cells. ASPM was negatively correlated with the infiltration of pDC, NK CD56bright cells and Mast cells. The above findings are merely correlational studies and require further in vitro or in vivo experiments for functional validation. Conclusion: ASPM is an effective biomarker for diagnosing and predicting PFI in patients with BLCA. Therefore, ASPM is expected to become a potential target for the treatment of BLCA. Further research is still needed to confirm these conclusions, such as conducting in vitro knockout experiments, carrying out prospective cohort studies, or using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for verification.

The study investigated the effect of the glutathione S-transferase-activated nitric oxide donor JS-K [O2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)1-[(4-ethoxycarbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate] to enhance the sensitivity of renal cancer cells to radiation therapy. JS-K has shown promising anti-tumor effects in various types of tumors; however, research on its role in cancer radioresistance is limited. The traditional concept is that renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has inherent resistance to radiation. Therefore, this study aimed to explore whether JS-K could enhance the sensitivity of renal cancer cells to radiation. The results showed that JS-K could effectively induce G2/M phase arrest, which is a crucial cell cycle phase that can lead to cell death. JS-K was also found to inhibit homologous recombination repair and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to enhance the radiosensitivity of renal cancer cells. In vivo experimentation utilizing animal models supported the function of JS-K in augmenting the radiosensitivity of renal cancer, and alterations in pertinent proteins were quantified by immunohistochemical analysis. The findings highlight the potential of JS-K as a promising radiosensitizer for treating RCC.

目的 探讨甲状腺功能和前列腺癌风险之间的因果关系.方法 采用逆方差加权法(IVW)、加权中位数法和MR-Egger法分析甲状腺功能与前列腺癌风险之间的因果关系.结果 三种MR分析方法均显示,正常范围内的促甲状腺激素(TSH)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、甲状腺过氧化物酶(TPO)与前列腺癌风险之间均无因果关系.结论 甲状腺功能与前列腺癌风险之间没有因果关系.

膀胱癌是全球第 10 大最常诊断的癌症,对人类健康威胁极大,其复发率较高,术后需要长期密切随访.目前临床上诊断膀胱癌最可靠的方法仍然是膀胱镜检查和尿液脱落细胞学检查,但膀胱镜检查是一项有创性的检查,往往伴随着感染、出血和疼痛不适等并发症,其费用较高,患者较难以依从随访,且对微小的肿瘤病灶难以发现;同时尿液脱落细胞学检查对低级别肿瘤的灵敏度较低,且检测者的主观因素对其检测结果影响较大.尿液生物标志物包含非侵入性、安全、简单等检测优点,具有重要的临床诊断价值.当前已经发现有许多尿液标志物检测膀胱癌较尿液脱落细胞学检查显示出更高的灵敏度,但因它们特异度较差,临床上未能普及.因此,临床迫切需要寻找一种新的特异度和灵敏度均高且无创的可靠的膀胱癌诊断方法.本文对近年一些新型尿液生物标志物在诊断膀胱癌方面中的研究进展做一综述.

前列腺癌(PC)是临床常见病,是男性生殖系统常见的恶性肿瘤,主要起源于前列腺上皮组织.临床大部分患者前往医院就诊或诊断时已进入中晚期,存在病灶转移现象.近些年,随着工作压力的增加与生活习惯的转变,PC患病率呈逐年递增趋势,早期了解患者病情发展有重大意义.Gleason评分对PC诊断、分级、预后判断均存在一定价值,但根治性前列腺切除术后30％～40％的患者存在Gleason评分升级的情况,评分升级严重影响患者术前诊疗方案的选择及预后判断.本文通过综述Gleason评分的概述及其升级的因素,旨在寻找最佳的病情

Multiple primary malignant neoplasms (MPMNs) are defined as the presence of two or more malignancies with different histologies in the same patient. MPMNs are rare, accounting for fewer than 4% of all tumor cases. Depending on the time interval between the diagnosis of the different malignancies, they are classified as either simultaneous or metachronous MPMNs, with simultaneous being rarer in MPMNs. Here, we present a 63-year-old female patient presenting with multiple primary renal and thyroid carcinomas and discuss the risk factors, treatment options, and prognosis of rare dual carcinomas. We focus on managing multidisciplinary teams and selecting individualized treatment options to deliver valuable treatment strategies to patients.

雄激素受体剪切变异体(AR-Vs)被认为是去势抵抗性前列腺癌(CRPC)发展的重要机制,也是AR靶向药物耐药的关键因素.目前AR-Vs靶向药物明显提高了CRPC患者生存率、改善了生活质量.该文综述了AR-Vs阳性CRPC的新型药物.

布鲁菌病仍是全球范围内不可忽视的动物源性传染病[1].布鲁菌病合并附睾睾丸炎则会危害男性生殖健康,甚至可引起不育和睾丸切除等严重并发症.为提高非疫区临床医师对该疾病临床特征的认识,从而减少误诊率,本文将我院收治的1例布鲁菌病性睾丸炎的诊疗经过及文献复习报告如下.

随着医疗模式改革和社会需求变化，麻醉学专业面临从重视技能训练向强调综合能力培养转变的挑战。本研究通过文 献分析和访谈调研，剖析当前麻醉教育存在的问题，提出以能力培养为导向的教学内容、教学方法、课程设置、实习 教学和评价考核等教学环节改革路径。研究表明，这些改革举措能够有效提升学生的临床思维能力、团队合作能力和 创新意识，使麻醉专业教育更贴近医疗实践需求。但改革范围还需拓展，教学质量评估体系亟待完善。

目的 探讨脂联素与前列腺癌因果关系.方法 采用两样本孟德尔随机化(MR)分析方法,将与脂联素相关遗传变异数据(SNPs)作为工具变量(Ⅳ),分析脂联素对前列腺癌因果影响.结果 逆方差加权法、加权中值法和MR-Egger分析均显示脂联素与前列腺癌风险之间没有因果关系(P>0.05).MR-Egger分析显示结果中定向多效效应不太可能导致偏倚(P=0.418).基于个体变异的Ⅳ估计之间没有异质性."leave one out"分析表明没有单独SNPs可驱动估计结果.结论 孟德尔随机化研究结果显示脂联素与前列腺癌风险之间不存在因果关系.

Objective. To investigate the correlation between tropomyosin (TM) and clinical characteristics of bladder cancer. In addition, the relationship between TM and immune cell infiltration in bladder cancer was further analyzed. Methods. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the relationship between TM expression and clinicopathological features in bladder cancer was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the value of TM as a diagnostic marker for bladder cancer. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression was used to analyze the independent factors affecting the prognosis of patients with bladder cancer. The relationship between TM and immune cell infiltration was analyzed. Results. ROC curve showed that TPM1, TPM2, and TPM3 had significant diagnostic ability (AUC was 0.845, 0.848, and 0.873, respectively). The high expression of TPM1 and TPM2 is associated with poor overall and disease-specific survival in patients with bladder cancer (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that age and TPM1 were independent prognostic factors. The expression levels of TPM1, TPM2, TPM3, and TPM4 in low grade bladder cancer were lower than those in high grade bladder cancer (P<0.05). TPM1 and TPM2 are positively correlated with the infiltration of macrophages and NK cells in bladder cancer. TPM3 is positively associated with Th2. TPM4 is positively correlated with Th1 cells, macrophages, and neutrophils (P<0.05). Conclusions. TPM1 and TPM2 are effective markers for the diagnosis of bladder cancer. TPM1 is an independent prognostic factor for bladder cancer. TM is also associated with the infiltration of various immune cells in bladder cancer. TM may have influenced the development of bladder cancer through immune inhibition.

Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, but the molecular mechanism of this condition is still unclear. miR-196b, a hot research direction for the past few years, participates in the occurrence of various diseases but whether it plays a regulatory role in EP is still unclear. This research was set to investigate the expression and potential value of miR-196b in EP. qRT-PCR was utilized to determine the relative expression of miR-196b in peripheral blood of EP patients and to observe the expression changes of miR-196b before and after treatment. Correlation analysis of miR-196b with HCG and progesterone was performed. Logistic regression analysis was applied to independent risk factors affecting EP patients. TargetScan was utilized to predict the downstream target genes of miR-196b, and GO and KEGG analysis was carried out using the R language pack. qRT-PCR showed that miR-196b expression in peripheral blood of EP patients was lower than that of normal people. miR-196b expression in patients after treatment was notably higher than that before treatment. In addition, correlation analysis showed that miR-196b was positively correlated with the expression of HCG, progesterone, and estradiol. Risk factor analysis revealed that abortion history, pelvic inflammatory disease history, lower abdominal surgery history, and miR-196b were independent risk factors for EP, and the AUC of the combined ROC curve was 0.899. GO function enrichment and KEGG signal pathway enrichment found 10 potential functions and 2 potential signal pathways of miR-196b. miR-196b is expressed in EP patients, is differentially expressed according to the change in EP condition, and is expected to become a promising index for clinical diagnosis of EP.

BACKGROUND Well-differentiated liposarcoma is the second most common pathologic type of retroperitoneal sarcoma. It is characterized by a huge mass, but multiple organ invasions are common. Surgery is the only treatment option for potential cure. Hyper-accuracy three-dimensional（3D） reconstruction is widely used in robotic partly nephrectomy owing to its ability to visualize overlapping anatomy.CASE SUMMARY A 54-year-old man was admitted for progressive abdominal distension over the preceding 2 mo. Computed tomography revealed a 32 cm × 21 cm × 12 cm lipomatous mass. Hyper-accuracy 3D reconstruction was performed because of the complex relationship between the mass and nearby tissue. The patient underwent surgical resection, and the tumor did not recur for over 16 mo.CONCLUSION Hyper-accuracy 3D reconstruction is useful for operative planning owing to its intuitiveness and precise determination of anatomical structures in both tumors and nearby tissues.

目的 分析瘢痕子宫再次妊娠分娩时不同分娩方式的临床结局及影响阴道顺利分娩的因素.方法 回顾性分析该院在2019年7月至2020年7月接收的200例瘢痕子宫再次妊娠分娩孕妇的临床资料,根据其分娩方式的不同将其分为A组(n=61,经阴道自然分娩)和B组(n=139,剖宫产),观察两组孕妇的一般情况及分娩结局,同时对影响其阴道顺利分娩的因素进行分析.结果 两组孕妇的年龄、孕周、剖宫产次数比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但是A组孕妇体重指数(BMI)明显小于B组,胎儿体重明显低于B组,距上次剖宫产时间明显长于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组新生儿Apgar评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但是A组孕妇产时出血量明显少于B组,产后24 h出血量明显少于B组,住院时间明显短于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).影响阴道顺利分娩的独立危险因素为BMI、胎儿体重、距上次剖宫产时间及子宫下段厚度(P<0.05).结论 对于瘢痕子宫再次妊娠孕妇,在分娩方式上选择经阴道自然分娩不会对其妊娠结局带来严重不良影响,BMI、胎儿体重、距上次剖宫产时间及子宫下段厚度是影响其阴道顺利分娩的独立危险因素,临床需要提高警惕,严格掌握阴道试产指征.

目的:研究显微镜下精索静脉曲张结扎术对精索静脉曲张患者诊疗效果.方法:对2018年月-2020年1月因精索静脉曲张在广东医科大学附属医院泌尿外科行显微镜下精索静脉曲张结扎术的198例患者迸行了追踪随访,评估比较手术前后血清睾酮、精子DNA碎片化指数、正常形态精子、精子浓度、前向运动精子,以及手术时间、住院时间、术后并发症和术后复发情况.结果:198例患者手术均获得成功,术后3个月41例电话随访,157例门诊复诊随访,术后6个月74例电话随访,124例门诊复诊随访.手术时间(75.00±7.65)min;术后住院时间(2.38±0.56)d.术后无睾丸萎缩,1例鞘膜积液,3例伤口感染,5例阴囊水肿,3例复发.术后3、6个月正常形态精子、精子浓度、前向运动精子均较术前改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).术后3、6个月睾酮均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后3、6个月精子DNA碎片化指数均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:显微镜下精索静脉曲张结扎术治疗左侧精索静脉曲张安全,且疗效显著.

目的 探讨氨氯地平对去势大鼠前列腺增生的影响及其可能机制.方法 采用42只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠(8月龄),随机分为6组,根据每组7只的数量建立各分组模型.处死大鼠后,取前列腺腹侧叶并称重,测量各叶体积,计算前列腺指数(PI).利用苏木精、伊红染色观察组织病理学变化,采用免疫组织化学(IHC)检测原位血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达.采用蛋白印迹法检测Bcl-2、Bax表达水平,采用RT-PCR法检测雄激素受体(AR)表达水平.结果 低剂量氨氯地平除降低Bcl-2的表达水平和Bcl-2/Bax比值,还能显著降低前列腺组织中VEGF和AR的表达.结论 氨氯地平通过下调VEGF、AR、Bcl-2和Bcl-2/Bax比值诱导细胞凋亡来抑制前列腺增生.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Prostate cancer-associated transcription factors 14 (PCAT14) and the clinical characteristics of prostate cancer and immune cell infiltration.METHODS:The relationship between PCAT14 expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer was analyzed based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the value of PCAT14 as a diagnostic marker for prostate cancer. The relationship between PCAT14 and immune cell infiltration was analyzed to explore the effect of PCAT14 on the immune-related functions of prostate cancer.RESULTS:The ROC curve showed that PCAT14 had a significant diagnostic ability (area under curve = 0.818) for prostate cancer. A reduced expression of PCAT14 in prostate cancer was related to T stage, N stage, primary therapy outcome, residual tumor, Gleason score, and age. The expression of PCAT14 was independently associated with the progression-free interval in prostate cancer patients. The infiltration of immune cells in prostate cancer showed a significant negative correlation between the expression of PCAT14 and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, activated dendritic cells, regulatory T cells, and neutrophils.CONCLUSIONS:PCAT14 is highly expressed in prostate cancer and is expected to be a diagnostic marker. PCAT14 might promote the development of prostate cancer through chemokines, antimicrobials, and cytokines that affect the infiltration of immune cells.

目的 观察经尿道前列腺160W绿激光汽化术(PVP)治疗前列腺增生症(BPH)的远期疗效和安全性.方法 采用经尿道前列腺160W PVP治疗BPH 51例,并进行3a的随访.结果 51例均成功完成手术,其中5例术中换用经尿道等离子切割止血,5例出现急迫性尿失禁,2例因膀胱颈挛缩再次手术,1例包膜穿孔,l例出现逆行射精.术后3个月、1a、3a的术后最大尿流率、残余尿量、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量评分(QOL)、国际勃起功能指数评分(IIEF-5)较术前改善(P＜0.01),术后1、3a的IPSS、QOL、IIEF-5差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 160W PVP治疗BPH安全,且远期疗效稳定.