目的 对2010—2019年国家自然基金科学委员会(NSFC)对糖尿病领域相关研究的资助情况进行回顾与展望.方法 登录国家自然科学基金委员会官方网站检索2010—2019年项目名称、关键词或摘要中包括"糖尿病"的文章,记录其项目标题、项目类型、资助金额、批准年份等具体内容,必要时仔细阅读摘要,采用SPSS 20.0和GraphPad Prism 6统计分析NSFC对糖尿病领域的资助情况.结果 2010—2019年糖尿病领域资助项目呈曲线式上升趋势,共资助3127项,金额累计达137737.62万元;资助项目涵盖了所有学部,其中[H]医学科学部最多,约占总资助项目的90.21％(2821项/3127项),总资助金额的87.99％(121189.6万元/1337737.62万元);资助项目的疾病分布高度集中在发病率最高的2型糖尿病和妊娠期糖尿病展开,近十年分别有506项(16.18％)和98项(3.13％);资助项目的前5位热点关键词为信号通路、microRNA、线粒体、自噬、干细胞,有关研究占比分别为20.40％、8.28％、5.31％、5.18％、4.00％.结论 近年来NSFC对糖尿病领域的资助力度大且呈上升态势,糖尿病及相关并发症的未知领域值得进一步发掘研究,有广阔的发展前景.

培养研究型高素质临床医学人才的基础和关键环节是塑造学生发现问题和解决问题的科研思维能力.将新型冠状病毒肺炎相关内容融入免疫学教学,调动学生的学习积极性并提升和锻炼科研思维,培养学生利用免疫学知识辩证认识和思考临床问题,有效提高了教学水平,对培养兼备扎实的医学基础和科研思维能力的临床科研复合型人才具有重要意义.

提高中医药院校研究生实验科研素养并建立有效的实验室管理体制,对提高研究生培养质量,增强中医药院校科研实力至关重要,也是当前高等医学教育工作者共同关心的问题.本文对中医药院校实验室现有研究生培养模式现状进行分析和探讨,重点分析了PI科研实验室的规范化专人管理、软硬件设施及学术例会制度,并提出科研实验室之间应开展广泛的学术交流、实验室应重视对研究生的科研道德教育、重视人文素养的培养和人文关怀等若干思考及建议.

目的 探讨隔药饼灸对慢性萎缩性胃炎大鼠外周血基因表达谱的影响,为后续研究提供研究方向.方法 将雄性Wistar大鼠随机分成正常组、模型组、隔药饼灸组、电针组和西药组,均采用MNNG诱导CAG大鼠模型,取穴中脘、气海,隔药饼灸每次每穴1壮,每日1次,共4周;电针频率100 Hz,强度1-3 mA,20 min,每日1次,共4周;西药采用叶酸悬浊液1.0 mL/100 g灌胃,每天1次,持续4周.采用Trizol法提取各组CAG大鼠的外周血总RNA,质控后建立文库,采用RNA-seq高通量测序,结合生物信息学的方法深入分析隔药饼灸逆转的差异表达基因.结果 与正常组比较,CAG组大鼠外周血有1542个差异表达基因,涉及的通路主要有癌症、免疫疾病、能量代谢、消化系统、免疫系统通路.隔药饼灸干预CAG大鼠的外周血差异表达基因2956个,涉及的通路与分子相互作用、信号转导、癌症、免疫疾病、氨基酸代谢、能量代谢、脂质代谢、维生素代谢、核苷酸代谢、消化系统、免疫系统、神经内分泌系统等相关;电针干预CAG外周血的差异表达基因3136个,涉及的通路与癌症、免疫疾病、氨基酸代谢、能量代谢、脂质代谢、维生素代谢、核苷酸代谢、消化系统、免疫系统、神经内分泌系统等相关;西药干预CAG外周血差异表达基因1308个,涉及的通路与蛋白翻译、信号转导、癌症、免疫系统、消化系统等相关.经RT-qPCR验证,各组外周血Foxo3、Uba52、S100a1、Nod2的结果和RNA-seq测序结果一致.结论 隔药饼灸、电针和西药干预CAG的外周血差异表达基因的数量不同,西药较针灸改变CAG的差异基因数目少.3种干预方法均能影响CAG大鼠外周血免疫相关、肿瘤相关的基因表达谱,隔药饼灸和电针干预的差异基因还涉及能量、氨基酸、脂质、维生素代谢.

医学免疫学是一门实验科学,广泛应用于医学研究和临床诊断.在理论教学中,以实践应用为导向,结合学生的知识结构做到理论联系实践,科普阅读帮助学生把握免疫学知识框架和主要线索,培养学生自主学习的能力.在临床免疫教学中,引导学生文献检索和课堂讨论,启蒙科学思维,激励学生的探索创新精神,有利于培养高素质创新型临床人才.

The fungal microbiota from self-retained soil and tongue coating of 18 patients with precancerous lesions of upper gastrointestinal (PLUG) were sequenced. The diversity of α, β in and the structure of the microbial community were analyzed, and the association of them was quantified by using the Spearman rank correlation method. The richness index (1.67±2.79) and the diversity index (0.25±0.10) of the fungal microbiota from tongue coating of PLUG patients were significantly lower than those from soil (4.00±4.69; 0.99±0.18) (all P values<0.001). The relative abundance of 11 taxa from tongue coating of these PLUG patients was positively associated with that from soil (all P values<0.05).

目的 探讨平胃散及中药外用治疗晚期肿瘤不全性肠梗阻的临床疗效.方法 将80例肿瘤晚期患者随机分为四组,各20例,均给予一般治疗(对照组)、单纯平胃散治疗(治疗组1)、单纯中药敷脐治疗(治疗组2)、平胃散合并中药敷脐治疗(治疗组3),观察四组解除梗阻的临床疗效、体力状况评分及不良反应.结果 对照组治疗有效率明显低于其他三组(P<0.05),其中治疗组3相较于治疗组1或治疗组2,肠梗阻症状、中医症状、生活质量的改善更明显(P<0.05).结论 平胃散及中药外用治疗肿瘤恶性不全性肠梗阻有较好的临床疗效,且不良反应较小.

Dampness-Heat Syndrome is one of the most important syndromes in TCM,which plays a critical role in the de-velopment of Zang-Fu lesion.Numerous microorganisms in the gut,with the local microenvironment,make up the intestinal microecology system.The intestinal micro-ecosystem has a variety of physiological functions and its dysfunction is believed to be related with many diseases.The theory of intestinal micro-ecosystem is consistent with the TCM concept of holism and ho-meostasis.This article reviews the intrinsic link between the micro-ecosystem and the syndromatology of TCM,with the em-phasis on its relationship with the dampness-heat syndrome.

目的:前瞻性评价辛开苦降法防治上消化道癌前病变的临床疗效.方法:采用辛开苦降法基本方,辨证论治上消化道癌前病变88例,以临床症状和胃镜病理的改善作为疗效评价.结果:与治疗前比较,上消化道癌前病变患者反酸、嗳气症状得到显著改善(P＜0.05),肝胃郁热证、脾胃湿热证、胃络瘀阻证治疗有效率为80％以上,总有效率为79.5％.结论:辛开苦降法辨证论治可有效防治上消化道癌前病变.

Objective:To study the effect of active extracts from radix isatidis against RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)in vitro.Methods:We observed the anti-RSV ability of the extracts from radix isatidis in human larynx carcinoma epithelial cells (hep-2) by MTT method.In order to explore the antiviral mechanism of radix isatidis extracts,RNA synthesis of nonstructural 1 (NS1) protein and L protein in RSV were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR.Results:Our study showed that in the concentration of 0.25,0.5,1 mg/mL,radix isatidis extracts had obvious anti-RSV effect in hep-2 cells for both drug therapy group and preventive treatment group.Especially in the concentration of 0.5 mg/mL,extracts showed distinct antiviral efficacy in drug therapy group with 34.2％ viral inhibition rate and in drug preventive group with 52.2％ viral inhibition rate.When the drug and RSV were mixed together directly at 4℃ for 2 hours,no obvious antiviral effect was found in the present study.1 hour after the drug was used on the RSV-infected cells,the result of real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR indicated that RNA level of NS1 and L of RSV in drug treatment group were significantly lower than those in virus group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Our study indicated that active extracts from radix isatidis played a preventive role on hep-2 in the course of RSV infection.The drug could also inhibit replication of RSV at the early stage,but did not show the effect of directly killing RSV.

Objective To compare the effect of the cochlear stem cells transplantation in treating the noise in-duced hearing loss model and toxic hearing loss model.Methods The Experimental guinea pigs were divided into three groups:the group of the noise induced hearing loss model treated with the cochlear stem cells,the blank con-trol group of toxic hearing loss model treated with the cochlear stem cells and noise induced hearing loss model and the blank control group of toxic hearing loss model.The cochlear stem cells suspension and physiological saline were transplanted into the cochlear inner ears of the three groups,respectively.ABR detection and immunofluorescence observation were implemented three times in 7 days,28days and 56 days after the operation,respectively.Results Nestin positive cells and Myosin ⅦA positive cells were detected in both of the two models treated with cochlear stem cells,but the number of Nestin positive cells and Myosin ⅦA positive cells detected in noise induced hearing loss model was higher than that in the toxic hearing loss model.The ABR responses decreased on the noise induced hearing loss model and toxic hearing loss model treated with cochlear stem cells transplantation,but the hearing re-covery of guinea pigs in the noise induced hearing loss model was superior to the toxic hearing loss model at 28 days and 56 days after operation.Conclusion The cochlear stem cells transplantation is more effective in treating noise in-duced hearing loss than toxic hearing loss model.

现代微生态学主要是研究微生物与其宿主(人类、动物、植物)之间的对立统一而形成的生态系统的变化和规律的一门新兴学科[1].近年来针对肠道微生态的临床医疗、药物与病症性质的研究也越来越受到研究者们的重视.作者就十五年来肠道微生态的中医药研究在中医理论、临床和实验研究等方面进行来综述,通过分析阴阳学说、天人相应整体观、正邪学说理论以及脏象学说与肠道微生态之间的相关性,并且分别探讨实验和临床研究中药与病证两个方面与肠道微生态之间的联系,从理论和实践等方面展现了肠道微生态的中医药研究概况.

BACKGROUND:Combining Chinese medicine with stem cel transplantation opens up a new avenue for the use oftraditional Chinese medicinein thestem cel transplantation. It is expected to improve survival and differentiationof cochlear stem celsintohair cels through Chinese medicine interventions. <br> OBJECTIVE:To observe the influenceofGuiqi Dihuang Tangon the treatment of sensorineural deafness with cochlear stem cels. <br> METHODS:Guinea pigs with sensorineural deafness were randomly assigned into three groups:combined group intervened with cochlear stem cel suspension with medicated serum, cel transplantation group with cochlear stem cel suspension, and blank control group with normal saline injection. At 7, 28 and 56 days after treatment, al guinea pigs were detected for auditory brainstem response and immunofluorescent observation. <br> RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Nestin positive cels and MyosinVIIA positive cels were observed in the combined and cel transplantation groups, and the number of positive cels was higher in the combined group than the cel transplantation group. Auditory brainstem response threshold of guinea pigs was decreased in the combined and cel transplantation groups, and the recovery of hearing was better in the former group. These findings indicate that the intervention ofGuiqi Dihuang Tangcan remarkably improve the survival rate of transplanted stem cels and the differentiation ratioof transplanted celsintohair cels.

目的:观察华蟾素胶囊辅助卡培他滨口服治疗老年晚期胃癌的临床疗效.方法:将60例老年晚期胃癌患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各30例.治疗组给予卡培他滨联合华蟾素胶囊口服,至少完成2个及以上周期治疗,对照组给予卡培他滨口服治疗,比较分析临床近期疗效、生活质量改善率、疾病进展时间及总生存时间.结果:治疗组与对照组相比,近期疗效总有效率(46.7％ vs 36.7％)和毒副反应无显著统计学差异(P＞0.05),生活质量总改善率(76.7％ vs 50.0％)、无进展生存期(6.2个月vs 4.9个月)和总生存期(11.2个月vs 9.6个月)具有显著统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论:华蟾素胶囊辅助卡培他滨口服治疗老年晚期胃癌优于单药卡培他滨,安全有效.

Aim To observe the antifibrogenic effect of resveratrol on mice with schistosomiasis japonica and its effect on Th1 and Th2 responses .Methods Forty-five mice infected with S.japonicum cercariae for 3 weeks were randomly divided into three groups named as infection group ( A) , resveratrol group ( B) and praz-iquantel group ( C) .Fifteen normal mice were taken as normal control group ( D) .In the 13th week post-infec-tion, all mice were sacrificed and the liver tissues were removed.Histopathological changes were observed in the liver of all groups .Splenocytes were prepared from spleens of mice with S.japonicum infection and the proportions of Th1 and Th2 cells in T cells were deter-mined by FACS respectively .RT-PCR was used to de-tect the relative IFN-γ,IL-13,TGF-βmRNA levels in liver tissue .Results After treatment , the degrees of liver fibrosis in groups B and C decreased in the 13th week post-infection ( P <0.01 ) .Compared to group A, the proportions of Th1 cells in group B significantly increased ( P<0.05 ) and the proportions of Th 2 cells in group B decreased significantly ( P <0.01 ) .The level of anti-SWA IgG 2 a in group B was significantly higher ( P<0.05) , while the anti-SEA IgG1 level in group B was lower ( P <0.01 ) than that in group A . The hepatic expression of IFN-γmRNA level in group B was higher than that in group A ( P<0.05 ) , and IL-13 ,TGF-βmRNA levels in group B were lower than in group A ( P<0.01 ) .Conclusion Resveratrol has an antifibrogenic effect through upregulating Th 1 cell re-sponse and downregulating Th 2 cell response in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum.

该文首次将较复杂定性统计分析方法应用于中医领域.具体针对南京中医药大学学生苔色与生理指标、生活习惯进行科学客观的分析:通过简单对应分析找出苔色与BMI对应关系;通过广义Logistic回归分析筛选出影响苔色最主要生活习惯:吃新鲜水果多少程度,晚上的睡眠时间,并建立由这两个生活习惯指标预测苔色概率分布的方程;通过多重对应分析找出苔色,吃新鲜水果多少程度,晚上的睡眠时间的内在有机联系.

目的:研究细胞上清中6种炎症介质花生四烯酸（AA）,白三烯B4（LTB4）,前列腺素G2（PGG2）,前列腺素F2α（PGF2α）,15-脱氧-δ-12,14-PGJ2（15d-PGJ2）,5,15-过氧化氢二十碳四烯酸（5,15-Di HETE）的变化,探讨芫花酯甲干预花生四烯酸代谢产生的致炎、诱导平滑肌收缩的作用机制。方法:选取RAW264.7作为体外实验模型,采用三重四极杆质谱,分析空白组及低、高质量浓度组芫花酯甲（0,1.62,6.48 mg·L-1）作用于RAW264.7细胞（5×104个/m L）48 h后细胞上清中6种炎症相关介质的相对含量变化,以探讨芫花酯甲的致炎机制。结果:与空白组相比,AA,PGF2α,PGG2,5,15-Di HETE的相对含量显著升高（P＜0.05）;与空白组相比较,LTB4在高浓度芫花酯甲刺激时相对含量显著升高,但对于15d-PGJ2,高浓度的芫花酯甲刺激时相对含量呈现下降的趋势（P＜0.01）。结论:芫花酯甲增加了巨噬细胞上清液中炎症相关介质AA,5,15-Di HETE及促炎介质LTB4,PGG2,PGF2α水平,减低了抗炎介质15d-PGJ2的水平,提示芫花酯甲通过影响促炎介质和抗炎介质的双重途径,发挥致炎和诱导平滑肌收缩作用。

目的 采用小鼠淋巴细胞增殖法,评价热毒宁注射液中间体和成品制剂的致敏性.方法 热毒宁制剂经3KD超滤富集制备大分子部位,加入小鼠脾脏单个核细胞培养3d,台盼蓝染色活细胞数目,以评价中药注射液的致敏性强度.结果 热毒宁中间体1号有最强的淋巴细胞刺激作用,随着中间体工艺精制,中间体2～5号的刺激活性依次减弱.使用该模型对热毒宁成品注射液的检测,发现已知具有临床不良反应的批次均有显著淋巴细胞刺激性,而已知无临床不良反应批次无刺激性.并发现两个批次未知样本存在淋巴细胞刺激性.结论 热毒宁的四步精制工艺排除了原料中的淋巴细胞刺激性的物质.热毒宁成品制剂基本没有该刺激作用,但已知临床过敏反应的批次仍具有淋巴细胞刺激作用.3KD超滤富集-单个核细胞体外增殖模型,可用于热毒宁注射液中大分子物质的检测.

Objective To explore the correlation between the syndromes of patients with gastric carcinoma and level of serum sE-cad. Methods Totally 190 cases of different syndromes of patients with gastric carcinoma were collected, and serum level of sE-cad was measured by ELISA. The correlation between the syndromes of gastric cancer and level of serum sE-cad was analyzed by SPSS16.0 software. Results The level of serum sE-cad of interior retention of blood stasis syndrome was significant different with that of deficiency syndrome of spleen and stomach, yin impairment syndrome due to stomach heat, deficiency syndrome of both qi and yin (P<0.05). Besides, this result was the same as the results of gender stratification analysis in men. The difference in serum level of sE-cad in the type of deficiency syndrome of spleen and stomach was significant different with that of deficiency syndrome of both qi and yin in women (P<0.05). Conclusion Level of serum sE-cad was correlated with syndrome type of patients with gastric carcinoma.

目的 探讨研究性教学在中医本科生在微生物与免疫学课程的应用.方法 从教学内容、教学方法、科研活动、成绩考核4方面对微生物与免疫学课程进行研究性教学改革.结果与结论 微生物与免疫学课程的研究性教学注重培养中医学生的科研、创新能力,为素质教育改革提供经验.