The study aimed to investigate the changes of metabolites and related flavors in the muscle of fresh mandarin fish(Siniperca chuatsi)during 24 h of postmortem refrigeration at 4 ℃ by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry(UPLC-HR-MS).Non-targeted metabolomics was applied for multivariate statistical analysis,metabolic pathway analysis and related flavor calculation of the differential metabolites after 0 versus 2,4,6,9,12 and 24 h.The results showed that 33 differential metabolites were identified,including 3 organic acids and derivatives(amino acids and organic acids);8 organic heterocyclic compounds(purines,purine derivatives and lactones);7 nucleosides,nucleotides and analogues(purine nucleosides,purine nucleotides and pyrimidine nucleotides);9 organic oxygen compounds(carbohydrates and their conjugates,as well as a small amount of alcohols);4 lipid and lipid molecules(fatty alcohols and fatty acid esters);1 flavonoid glycoside;and 1 alkaloid or its derivatives.Through metabolomic pathway analysis(MetPA)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis,9 key differential metabolites were identified including succinic acid,L-aspartic acid,5'-adenosine monophosphate(AMP),inosine,adenyl succinic acid,xanthine,5'-guanosine monophosphate(GMP),ribose 5-phosphate,and hypoxanthine.The major metabolic pathway involving these key differential metabolites was purine metabolism,followed by L-aspartic acid metabolism,glutamic acid metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid(TCA)cycle.By calculating the relative taste activity value(RTAV)and relative equivalent umami concentration(REUC),it was found that umami amino acids such as L-aspartic acid together with AMP and GMP mainly contributed to the taste of fresh mandarin fish,while the major taste compounds were AMP and GMP after 2-6 h of refrigeration and GMP after 9-24 h.Overall,the taste of fresh mandarin fish was best.During 24 h of storage at 4 ℃,the umami of mandarin fish decreased due to a decrease in L-aspartic acid content,but it increased between 9 and 24 h due to the accumulation of GMP.

在传统水酶法(碱性蛋白酶)提取油脂方法基础上,根据单因素试验结果,添加1％的食用小苏打,可简化鳜鱼油粗提取工艺,并获得较高的鳜鱼油提取率.对所提取的鳜鱼油进行品质测评包括:对照水产行业标准"SC/T 3502-2016鱼油"进行7项理化指标的检测、脂肪酸及挥发性成分检测及分析.结果表明:经过小苏打水酶法提取的鳜鱼油品质较好;ω3/ω6不饱和脂肪酸比例达到0.445;经ROAV法(相对气味活度值法)分析,所提取鳜鱼油的关键风味化合物为:己醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、壬醛和辛醛.综上所述小苏打水酶法操作简单、绿色高效,可作为水产加工副产物规模化初步处理的一种有效方法.

实现人力资源优化配置是科研单位事业高质量发展的重要保障.文章以省级科研单位为视角,阐明了人力资源优化配置的必要性,梳理了需要重点破解的矛盾,结合江苏省农业科学院实践经验,提出了成立专职的管理机构、出台配套的管理措施、引导优质管理资源向科研倾斜等人力资源优化配置的对策建议,以期为省级科研单位提供参考.

长江中下游地区对翘嘴鳜早苗需求大,但存在缺少适时、适口活饵的问题.本文总结了鲫鱼苗培育翘嘴鳜早苗技术,从成本投入、产出情况、经济效益等方面分析了养殖效果.翘嘴鳜早苗培育试验期间总产值是总投入的2.2倍,净利润达344020元/hm2,效益是常规淡水鱼类苗种培育的5～8倍.以鲫鱼苗为活饵培育翘嘴鳜早苗模式是养殖户增产、增收的好方式,应用前景良好,值得进一步推广应用.

近年采用人工配合饲料养殖鳜鱼技术已有所突破,成为特色淡水鱼养殖业关注的热点.安徽省池州市、安庆市、芜湖市、合肥市等地都在摸索或尝试引入鳜鱼饲料养殖新技术,突破传统活饵料鱼养殖鳜鱼存在的弊端.以池州市为例,统计分析了鳜鱼配合饲料养殖模式经济效益,指出了产业发展存在的问题并提出了建议,以期为安徽地区鳜鱼养殖业高质量发展提供借鉴和参考.

由于水产养殖业的快速发展及养殖产量大幅提升,不可避免地带来养殖水环境污染等难题.水产养殖尾水治理是"绿水青山就是金山银山"发展理念的重要实践,也是推进水产养殖业绿色高质量发展的必然要求.本研究以安徽省为例,分别从水产养殖及尾水治理现状、尾水治理典型模式、存在的问题和对策、发展建议等方面,对当前环保高压态势下水产养殖尾水治理模式进行总结分析,旨在为安徽省水产养殖业转型升级、绿色高质量发展提供借鉴和参考.

为探讨后熟加工工艺对封鳊鱼风味、营养等品质指标的影响,对鲜鳊鱼、后熟前封鳊鱼及后熟后封鳊鱼10种ATP关联物及核苷酸、蛋白水解氨基酸、脂肪酸及挥发性成分进行检测分析,结果表明:封鳊鱼主要的鲜味核苷酸为GMP和IMP,且后熟对其含量变化几乎没有影响;后熟使封鳊鱼谷氨酸、天冬氨酸等鲜味氨基酸显著增加,赋予产品丰富鲜美的滋味;后熟使封鳊鱼单不饱和脂肪酸相对百分含量显著上升且多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著下降;封鳊鱼加工产生了新的醇、酯类挥发性化合物,使封鳊鱼的香味更柔和、浓郁及醇厚,3种样品均含有的关键风味化合物包括己醛、正庚醛、辛醛、壬醛、(E)-2-辛烯醛和1-辛烯-3-醇共6种,后熟后新产生的关键风味化合物为芳樟醇,这可能是由水产品发酵所产生的一种重要的呈香物质.综上,后熟对封鳊鱼独特风味的形成发挥着重要的作用,且显著影响氨基酸、脂肪酸等营养价值指标.

Serine carboxypeptidase-like (SCPL) proteins are a group of acyltransferase enzymes that have important roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. Although SCPL proteins have been studied in many plants, the biological functions of SCPL genes in grape are still unknown. In this study, 59 putative SCPL proteins were identified from the grape genome. A bioinformatics analysis, including chromosomal locations, exon/intron structures, phylogeny, cis-elements, and conserved motifs, was performed for the gene family. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that VvSCPL proteins could be classified into three groups, with the gene motifs in each group showing high similarity levels. The number of exons in the VvSCPL genes ranged from 1 to 19, suggesting significant variations among grape SCPL genes. The expression of the VvSCPL genes, as assessed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and quantitative real-time PCR, showed that most VvSCPL genes responded to drought- and waterlogging-stress treatments, which indicated their roles in abiotic stress responses. The results provide useful information for further study of SCPL genes in grape.

文章以省级科研事业单位为视角,结合江苏省农业科学院岗位设置与管理研究的实践,阐述了岗位设置的重要性,分析了岗位设置管理中存在的主要问题,从充分认识岗位设置初衷、推行职称岗位评聘分开、明确岗位聘用目标任务、严格岗位聘用目标考核、健全岗位设置配套制度等方面提出了相应的对策建议,以期为省级科研事业单位岗位设置管理提供参考.

草鱼是大宗淡水鱼主要养殖品种之一,也是安徽省主要养殖的大宗淡水鱼品种.近3年来,安徽草鱼养殖产量维持在27万吨左右,居所有吃食性鱼首位.随着"十年禁渔"政策的落实落地,草鱼养殖在保障全民获得优质动物蛋白源方面的贡献越来越显著.国家大宗淡水鱼产业技术体系合肥综合试验站自成立以来,一直从事草鱼良种的引进、扩繁、改良等工作,致力于推动安徽草鱼养殖的健康可持续发展.近5年来,合肥综合试验站持续从体系种质资源与品种改良岗位专家基地苏州市申航生态科技发展股份有限公司引进草鱼优质水花(草鱼"沪苏2号"新品系),开展草鱼夏花苗种培育试验,取得了良好的养殖效果.现将草鱼夏花苗种健康高效培育关键技术归纳总结如下.

为探讨水稻-乌龟共作模式的经济效益,于2018—2019年在芜湖市无为县陡沟镇开展水稻-乌龟共作试验,试验面积1.66 hm2.结果发现,2018—2019年生产成本共286580元,平均每年生产成本86319元/hm2;总收入553300元,除去生产成本,净收入266720元,平均每年净收益为80337元/hm2,投入产出比为1:1.93.水稻仅在移栽初期施肥1次,生长过程中未追肥,未使用农药.由此可见,水稻-乌龟共作模式可以减少化肥和农药的使用,在保证水稻产量的同时,具有较好的经济效益.

中国特色社会主义进入新时代,对干部队伍建设有了新要求.新修订的《党政领导干部选拔任用工作条例》正式颁布实施,体现了党和国家对选人用人工作的重视,更显示了在中国特色社会主义建设进入新时代后,党和国家对干部队伍建设有了更高、更严、更全面的要求.文章以江苏省农业科学院开展的干部队伍建设工作为例,总结了在实践探索中取得的初步成效,分析了当前仍然存在的主要问题,从制订干部队伍建设规划、加强优秀青年干部培养、强化干部能力素质培训、建立干部能上能下机制等方面提出了进一步加强高素质专业化干部队伍建设的建议,以期为新时代农业科研单位干部队伍建设提供参考.

农业科研单位干部队伍具有知识密集型、高学历等特点,年轻干部更是具有综合素质高、理论基础扎实等优势,但也存在干部工作经历单一、岗位历练不够、应对复杂情况的能力不强等问题.文章以江苏省农业科学院年轻干部培养项目化管理为例,尝试为农业科研单位年轻干部培养机制创新开阔新的视野,以期为农业科研单位干部队伍建设提供参考.

构建科学有效的选人用人机制,是新时期选好用好干部的关键所在,是农业科研单位人才培养、干部队伍建设的首要之举,是敢于担当、勇于创新、善于作为的干部脱颖而出的制度保障.文章结合新时代选人用人标准,分析了农业科研事业单位在选人用人工作中存在的问题,从选什么样的人、怎么选人、怎么培养人、干部怎么管等方面提出了加强农业科研事业单位选人用人工作的建议,以期为区域农业科技创新、乡村振兴战略实施提供智力支持和人才保障.

为探究池塘工程化循环水养殖模式生态及经济效益,开展了大宗淡水鱼池塘工程化循环水养殖研究.对试验过程中水质理化指标、养殖结果和养殖效益进行评价分析,结果显示:试验期间通过有效的水质调控技术手段,能保证养殖期间水质总磷(TP)、总氮(TN)、氨氮(NH4+-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO2--N)、重铬酸钾指数(CODCr)等理化指标达到地表水环境质量标准及淡水池塘养殖水排放要求.池塘工程化循环水养殖大宗淡水鱼类每667 m2平均产量达1 668 kg,产值21 859元,利润5 418元.结果 表明,通过对池塘工程化循环水养殖模式采取有效的水质调控手段,能较好的改善养殖水质,提升养殖效益.

The approximate nutrient composition, contents of mineral elements, collagen, amino acids and fatty acids and muscular antioxidant capacity were comparatively analyzed in grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus, with body weight of 1500-1750 g, cultured in spring flowing water and in a routine pond by generic methods in order to compare the differences in muscular quality in grass carp farmed in different waters. The results showed that there were significantly lower moisture, and contents of crude fat, K and Na in muscle of the grass carp farmed in spring flowing water than those in the grass carp farmed in the routine ponds(P<0.05). However, there were significantly higher contents of crude protein, ash, P, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and Se in muscle of the grass carp farmed in spring flowing water than those in the grass carp farmed in the routine ponds(P<0.05). The grass carp farmed in spring flowing water had significantly higher content of insoluble collagen and superoxide dixmutase(SOD) activity than the grass carp farmed in the routine ponds did(P<0.05), with lower malondialdehyde(MDA) content in grass carp farmed in spring flowing water(P<0.05). A total of 18 amino acids were detected in muscles of grass carp farmed in both cultural patterns, significantly higher contents of total amino acids(TAA) and essential amino acids(EAA) in grass carp farmed in spring flowing water than those in grass carp farmed in the routine ponds(P<0.05).There was 5.6% of delicious amino acid contents in grass carp farmed in spring flowing water and 5.35% of delicious amino acid contents in grass carp farmed in the routine ponds, with higher amino acid score(AAS), chemical score(CS) and essential amino acid index(EAAI) in grass carp farmed in spring flowing water than those in grass carp farmed in the routine ponds. The grass carp farmed in spring flowing water had significantly lower saturated fatty acid(SFA) and mono-unsaturated fatty acid(MUFA) than the grass carp farmed in the routine ponds did(P<0.05), with significantly higher level of poly-unsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) in muscle of grass carp farmed in spring flowing water than that in grass carp farmed in the routine ponds(P<0.05). In conclusion, the grass carp farmed in spring flowing water showed higher nutritional value in the muscle than the grass carp farmed in the routine ponds did.

以新鲜白灵菇为加工原料,研究白灵菇即食产品的加工关键技术,包括硬化、护色、赋味及杀菌技术.结果表明,硬化最佳方案为0.3％氯化钙与0.2％氯化钠;护色最佳方案为0.5％柠檬酸、0.3％乙酸锌、漂烫时间2 min、0.5％氯化钠,白灵菇产品护色后的L*值保持在最高;白灵菇即食产品赋味的最佳配方为0.2％食盐、0.05％料酒、0.1％白砂糖、0.2％辣椒;杀菌最佳组合为85℃低温条件下灭菌20 min,结合使用0.6％Nisin及0.4％溶菌酶.研究结果表明,由该加工工艺制得的产品感官良好,货架期长,具有广阔的市场前景.

White bream (Parabramis pekinensis) was dried by natural drying, cooling air blast drying, vacuum freezing drying, combined cool-hot air drying and hot pump drying to investigate the effects of various drying methods on qualities and physicochemical properties of the sealing white bream including weight loss, drying rate, TBA value, TVB-N, water activity, rehydration, texture and microstructure.The results showed that the sealing bream dried naturally had low drying rate, and rehydration rate, and heavily lipid oxidation and decomposition, and high springiness and chewiness.The sealing bream treated by vacuum freezing drying showed low drying rate, and high rehydration, lower than the sealing bream treated by vacuum freezing drying, even higher lipid oxidation and decomposition than the sealing bream dried naturally did, with the best springiness and chewiness.The sealing bream treated by cooling air blast drying had high drying rate, low hydration rate, and high lipid oxidation and decomposition and bad texture.The sealing bream treated by combined cool-hot air drying and hot pump drying showed high drying rate, and had the minimal rehydration, the maximal lipid oxidation rate, and decomposition and the worst texture.

SLEEPY1(SLY1)属于F-box蛋白,是SCF复合体的主要组成元件之一,在赤霉素信号转导过程中发挥着重要的调节作用 本研究以夏黑葡萄为试材,利用电子克隆和RT-PCR技术克隆获得一个F-box蛋白基因全长cDNA序列,命名为VvSLY1.该基因全长为1096 bp,包含1个555 bp的完整开放阅读框(ORF),编码184个氨基酸.序列比对和结构域分析结果表明,该VvSLY1包含F-box蛋白家族的LGG和LSL保守结构域.进化树分析结果显示,VvSLY1与可可亲缘关系最近.qRT-PCR分析结果表明,在果实快速膨大发育阶段,外源赤霉素GA3处理会促进该基因的上调表达.

科技镇长团是中共江苏省委为了构建区域技术创新体系,提高基层自主创新能力,加快创新型省份建设的挂职干部选派机制.自2008年起,江苏省开始依托高校、科研院所的科技人员和管理干部担任科技镇长团团员,服务基层乡镇和地方企业,帮助基层政府提升人才、科技管理和服务能力,促进县域经济加快转型升级.经过十年的实践,科技镇长团已经成为江苏省推动人才向基层集聚、激发基层科技创新活力的重要组织形式.江苏省农业科学院作为江苏省唯一从事农业科学技术研究的省级综合性农业科研机构,连续多年选派30多名科技人员参加科技镇长团工作,在推动农业产业升级和提高农业科技水平等方面发挥了重要作用.通过梳理江苏省农业科学院科技镇长团选派和管理工作的实践与创新,以期为高校、科研院所找准政产学研联合协作的内生动力,创新科技镇长团工作管理模式,优化选派方式,推动院地深度合作,加速区域经济转型升级步伐提供参考与借鉴.