The extraction technologies and functional activities of anthocyanins have received increasing attention recently. Cerasus humilis (Bge.) Sok. anthocyanins (CHA) were extracted using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) combined with a probe-type ultrasound-assisted technique. Choline chloride-citric acid deep eutectic solvent was identified as the most suitable NADES for extracting CHA. Under optimal extraction conditions, the yield of CHA reached 66.1 +/- 0.2 mg/100 g dry weight (p < 0.05). To enhance the purity of CHA, XDA-7 resin was used for enrichment due to its favorable adsorption/desorption capacity and recovery efficiency (92.0 %, 75.4 %, and 69.4 %, respectively). The adsorption behavior of XDA-7 resin on CHA was well described by the Langmuir model, indicating a potential monolayer adsorption mechanism. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) was identified as the most abundant component in enriched CHA by LC/MS2. The inhibition of C3G on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation was further investigated. The lag times of conjugated diene formation during LDL lipid peroxidation were evaluated using the four-parameter logistic regression model, which showed an extension of 9.09 %, 28.9 %, and 52.9 % in a concentration-dependent manner (R-2 >= 0.985). Moreover, C3G also reduced the oxidative modification of apolipoprotein B100 (apoB100), the only protein component in LDL. Protein-ligand interaction studies between C3G and apoB100 indicated the formation of a ground-state complex primarily maintained by electrostatic interactions, suggesting that C3G may be transported by LDL to atherosclerotic plaques, potentially serving anti-atherogenic purposes. In conclusion, this study presents an efficient method for CHA extraction and highlights the potential of CHA in anti-atherogenic functions.

BP neural network algorithm has great application value and potential in the field of food storage. In the present study, BP neural network was introduced into the quality warning model of stored wheat, and the quality prediction and influence analysis of stored wheat were carried out by recording the indoor temperature and regularly detecting elevenphysiological and biochemical indexes, such as moisture, starch and protein, based on the sampling data of stored grain in Tianjin. The simulation results showed that the data prediction method based on BP neural network has less process error and higher result accuracy, providing an effective research method for the quality prediction of stored wheat.

提高大学生创新能力是高校人才培养的一项重要任务.文章提出了在新建地方本科院校——九江学院食品生物类专业的教学中实行由4类导师组成的泛导师制,将以目标为导向的OBE理念贯穿大学生培养全过程,促进学生德、智、体、美、劳全方位发展,取得了较好的培养效果,为同类院校提高大学生创新能力提供了参考.

Background: Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is a commercially important plant. Cashew nuts are a popular food source that belong to the tree nut family. Tree nuts are one of the eight major food allergens identified by the Food and Drug Administration in the USA. Allergies to cashew nuts cause severe and systemic immune reactions. Tree nut allergies are frequently fatal and are becoming more common. Aim: We aimed to identify the key allergenic epitopes of cashew nut proteins by correlating the phage display epitope prediction results with bioinformatics analysis. Design: We predicted and experimentally confirmed cashew nut allergen antigenic peptides, which we named Ana o 2 (cupin superfamily) and Ana o 3 (prolamin superfamily). The Ana o 2 and Ana o 3 epitopes were predicted using DNAstar and PyMoL (incorporated in the Swiss-model package). The predicted weak and strong epitopes were synthesized as peptides. The related phage library was built. The peptides were also tested using phage display technology. The expressed antigens were tested and confirmed using microtiter plates coated with pooled human sera from patients with cashew nut allergies or healthy controls. Results: The Ana o 2 epitopes were represented by four linear peptides, with the epitopes corresponding to amino acids 108–111, 113–119, 181–186, and 218–224. Furthermore, the identified Ana o 3 epitopes corresponding to amino acids 10–24, 13–27, 39–49, 66–70, 101–106, 107–114, and 115–122 were also screened out and chosen as the key allergenic epitopes. Discussion: The Ana o 3 epitopes accounted for more than 40% of the total amino acid sequence of the protein; thus, Ana o 3 is potentially more allergenic than Ana o 2. Conclusions: The bioinformatic epitope prediction produced subpar results in this study. Furthermore, the phage display method was extremely effective in identifying the allergenic epitopes of cashew nut proteins. The key allergenic epitopes were chosen, providing important information for the study of cashew nut allergens.

课程思政建设与专业课教学的有机结合是大学教育中非常重要的环节,《现代食品检测技术》是食品质量与安全专业的核心课程,在基于现代仪器分析的理论教学环节中有许多思政元素可以与专业知识相结合.本文主要从课程内容分析与思政元素挖掘,思政案例分析以及实施课程思政的新举措三方面,对开展课程思政教育的理论模式进行初步探索,以期完善课程教学质量,体现教书育人职能,并为相关专业课程思政建设提供参考和经验.

Background and Objectives: Quantifying the acid value of stored wheat is of great significance for timely treatment and avoiding waste. For the low-fat content in wheat, the aim of this study is to propose a microchemical way for the acid value analysis. Findings: Twenty-four wheat samples are taken from the grain reserve depot and the acid values of them are analyzed by the spectral response of one phthalocyanine dye, tetra-alpha-octoxy substituted zinc phthalocyanine, to a fatty acid. Under the experimental conditions, a linear relation exists between the absorbance of this dye at 749 nm (A(749 nm)) and the concentration logarithm (lnc(b)) of fatty acid (palmitic acid) in chloroform, R-2 = 1.000. Conclusions: By the aforesaid linearity, 1 mu l of extracted wheat oil is enough to determine the acid values of wheat samples, which can avoid the interference from the color of the sample in traditional titration. Significance and Novelty: The UV-visible method has great potential in the actual analysis of the acid value of wheat samples and has important reference value for the analysis of other related agricultural products, food and drugs, and so on.

目的 提取和鉴定鲶鱼和秋刀鱼中的过敏蛋白.方法 两种鱼肉用异丙醇进行脱脂,通过磷酸缓冲液(phosphate buffer solution,PBS)进行提取,葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex G-250对透析后的样品进行分离纯化得到鲶鱼及秋刀鱼过敏蛋白;二喹啉甲酸(bicinchoninic acid,BCA)试剂盒测定蛋白含量,通过十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE)、蛋白质免疫印迹对两种鱼过敏蛋白进行身份识别并验证其免疫性,通过质谱及美国国家生物技术信息中心(National Center of Biotechnology Information,NCBI)数据库对比确定两种鱼中过敏蛋白的种类.结果 异丙醇用量及处理时间对脱脂效果有一定影响,在1:50(m:V)料液比条件下脱脂24 h效率最佳;经鉴定鲶鱼中共有4种过敏蛋白,分子量大小分别为150、51、45、38 kDa;秋刀鱼中共有两种过敏蛋白,分子量大小分别为51、14 kDa.结论 该研究鉴定出秋刀鱼中过敏蛋白为 β-烯醇化酶和小清蛋白,鲶鱼中过敏蛋白为肌球蛋白、β-烯醇化酶、肌动蛋白和精氨酸激酶,为鱼类过敏原研究提供理论基础.

A novel capillary electrochromatography method has been developed for the simultaneous quantification of ten benzimidazole fungicides in fruits. Herein, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and ionic liquids (ILs) were successfully introduced to prepare open-tubular capillary column to improve the loading capacity and separation performance. The parameters effecting the analytical performance including pH and concentration of running buffer, separation voltage and the addition of organic solvent were investigated systematically. Under the optimized conditions, the method allowed the baseline separation of ten benzimidazole fungicides, and showed a good linearity in the range of 3.5–200 μg kg−1 with the detection limits between 1.0 and 2.8 μg kg−1. The intraday and interday precisions for recoveries were lower than 7.9% and 12.2%, respectively. Intraday and interday precisions for their retention times were lower than 3.2% and 6.6%, respectively. Satisfactory recoveries for grape, pear and orange samples at two concentrations were obtained ranging from 85.0 to 95.9% with RSDs lower than 7.8%, demonstrating the potential applications of the open-tubular capillary electrochromatography method for trace benzimidazole fungicides analysis in fruits.

In order to definite the molecular structure and allergic characteristics of cashew nuts, the main allergic proteins were isolated and purified by organic solvent defatting, salting out, dialysis and Sephadex G-150 gel. The allergenic proteins were definitely by UV, BCA kit, SDS-PAGE and Western-Blotting. The amino acid sequence and the DNA sequence of cashew allergic protein were obtained by using the NCBI database and protein mass spectrum sequencing. The structure of cashew allergic protein was predicted by DNAstar bio-information software and circular dichroism (CD). The results showed that the Ana o 2 and Ana o 3 were the main cashew allergenic proteins with molecular weight of 33 and 17 kD. The results of CD and Protean program in DNAstar predicted that there were α-helical, β-folded regions and corner regions which was a hydrophilic protein with strong sensitization because of the β-corners and random curls were found in 54% in Ana o 2. The secondary structure had only a small amount of β-folded region and corner region, accounted for 12%, but had mainly α-helix and random coil structure. It was also hydrophilic allergic protein, and the formation of allergenic epitopes was relatively weak. This study would provide reference for further clarifying the structure of the main allergens of natural cashew nuts and exploring the sensitization mechanism of cashew nuts.

研制了尿素、磷酸氢二铵、氯化钾、高氮磷低氯复合肥、高氮低氯复合肥、高钾硫基复合肥、高钾中氯复合肥、高磷低氯复合肥和平衡型硫基复合肥系列化肥标准物质,样品严格按照相关标准要求进行采集、加工制备、均匀性检验、稳定性检验,由15家不同行业的权威实验室进行协作定值,并对不确定度进行评定.结果表明,样品粒度分布满足样品加工要求,具有良好的均匀性和稳定性.本系列化肥标准物质共定值45项元素(指标),包括N、P2 O5、水溶性P2 O5、有效性P2 O5、K2 O、S、Cl、As、Hg、Cr、Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、B、Se、Ge、Fe、Na、Ca、Mg、Al、Ti、V、Mn、Co、Sr、Mo、Ba、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu,量值准确可靠、不确定度范围评估合理,符合国家一级标准物质的要求.研制的9个化肥化学成分标准物质定值的元素含量梯度范围合理,填补了国内复合肥料标准物质空白,可为化肥样品分析质量控制、实验室仪器校准、分析方法和实验室检测能力验证与评价提供基础技术支撑.

小麦仓储过程中品质会发生一系列的变化,保持其品质新鲜,控制和减缓粮食品质劣变,不用或少用化学熏蒸药剂,为消费者提供绿色放心粮食,是中国粮食仓储行业目前面临的一项紧迫任务.文章对气调储粮、温湿调控、智能监控、害虫检测、菌群检测等储粮检测方法方式进行了系统阐述分析,综述了仓储小麦品质劣变监控检测的研究进展,并结合当前存在的问题,展望了粮食仓储技术的未来发展趋势.

Wheat bran, which contains a large amount of cellulose, is used as a raw material to produce soy sauce, but it is hard to degrade during fermentation. Steam explosion (SE) is efficient in hydrolyzing the cellulose for enhancing enzymatic digestion and solvent accessibility. In this study, we applied a SE at a sufficiently high pressure to damage the integrity of the wheat bran structure and modify it to assume a layered form. We found that cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin structures were collapsed by SE pretreatment, which was indicated by their changes in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The amounts of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin decreased by 5.8%, 21.4%, and 43.4%, respectively, under 1.5 MPa, resulting in the significant reduction of sugar and amino acid nitrogen. The co-reaction of nonenzymatic browning after SE pretreatment resulted in an intense increase in flavor (overall feeling), as determined by electronic nose analysis and sensory evaluation. In conclusion, SE pretreatment under 1.0 MPa was proven to be the most optimal state for the production of aroma compounds (volatile compounds), which are essential for soy sauce production.

针对小麦仓储过程中出现的品质劣变问题,以北方实仓储藏的硬质白小麦为研究对象,通过测定仓储过程中小麦的色差、水分、脂肪、脂肪酸、淀粉含量等指标反映品质劣变程度;采用低场核磁共振成像技术(low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)和差示扫描量热法(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)可视化检测小麦仓储过程中水分传递和淀粉转变现象,寻找仓储过程中小麦水分迁移变化规律以及直链淀粉、支链淀粉的转化关系,探索小麦淀粉糊化反应.结果表明,小麦在仓储过程中色泽逐渐变暗,脂肪酸含量增加,水分、脂肪和淀粉总量减少,LF-NMR和DSC检测结果表明长期仓储小麦受环境因子影响会使其结合水的含量升高,自由水含量下降,糊化温度降低.

以Fe3O4作为载体,L-半胱氨酸(含巯基)作为功能单体,设计合成一种针对重金属吸附的L-半胱氨酸功能化Fe3O4磁性材料,并通过透射电镜及X射线光电子能谱等手段对材料进行表征.表征结果显示,磁性Fe3O4微球被硅胶层包裹在内,形貌上呈现典型"核-壳"结构,材料表面S元素负载量达8.2%(硫原子百分比).以该材料作为固相萃取的吸附剂,吸附等温方程符合Langmuir吸附模型,Cd2+和Cu2+的最大吸附容量分别为238.1 mg/g和227.3 mg/g.结合石墨炉原子吸收光谱法,构建基于食品中痕量Cd2+和Cu2+的检测方法.系统考察影响吸附效率的多个参数,包括吸附选择性、吸附液pH值、吸附时间等.在优化条件下,该方法对Cd2+和Cu2+检测的线性范围均为:0.2μg/L～5.0μg/L,相关系数R2>0.9970,检出限分别为0.12、0.13μg/L.将该方法用于实际样品的检测,回收率为87.0%～94.0%,相对标准偏差小于6.0%.

A typical l-cysteine functionalized magnetic mesoporous nanosorbent (Cys-Si-MNPs) was successfully synthesized and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, the nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results showed that Fe3O4 magnetic core was shelled by mesoporous silica, and the capacity of thiol group with strong affinity to various heavy metal ions was as high as 238 mg g(-1). Using the obtained l-cysteine functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as the adsorbent, a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) method was developed for the determination of Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, and V5+ in food. The experimental parameters affecting the separation performance including the pH of the sample solution, adsorbent mass, contact time, and co-existing ions were investigated systematically. Using the optimized conditions, the detection limits were as low as from 0.006 to 0.36 mu g L-1. The precision of the method was evaluated by the relative standard deviation (n = 11) at limit of quantification (LOQ) of each target ion and was less than 6.0%. The proposed method was further successfully applied for the determination of the target ions in certified reference materials including GBW10043 rice, GBW 10023 laver, and GBW 10050 shrimp. The obtained recoveries were in the range from 89% to 102% with relative standard deviations (n = 3) lower than 8%.

该研究首次将危害分析与关键控制点(hazard analysis and critical control point,HACCP)体系基本原理用于鲜食苹果供应链安全管理过程,通过危害分析,确定4个关键控制点,包括种植过程、流通加工、贮藏运输及销售环节,并根据国家标准确定符合性要求,最终构建鲜食苹果供应链HACCP安全管理体系,以最大限度保障鲜食苹果从农田到餐桌整个过程的安全性.

本研究旨在考察日粮添加不同水平的发酵球藻对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质、肝脏脂肪组成及肠道微生物菌群的影响.试验选择504只产蛋率一致的80周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复28只鸡,各处理分别在基础日粮中添加0、500和1000?mg/kg的发酵球藻,试验共进行42?d.结果:日粮添加不同水平的发酵球藻对蛋鸡平均日采食量、产蛋率、平均蛋重和蛋重无显著影响(P>0.05),但随着日粮发酵球藻添加水平的升高,蛋黄颜色和哈夫单位表现为显著线性升高(P<0.05).日粮添加不同水平的发酵球藻对肝脏、脾脏、腹脂相对重量及血清谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05).随着日粮球藻添加水平的升高,肝脏游离胆固醇含量有线性降低趋势(P=0.06),而肝脏甘油三酯含量随日粮发酵球藻添加水平的升高表现为显著线性降低(P<0.05).盲肠乳酸杆菌数量随发酵添加水平的升高表现为显著线性和二次曲线升高(P<0.05).结论:发酵球藻对蛋鸡产蛋率、蛋黄颜色、哈夫单位单位、肝脏甘油三酯含量均有改善作用,并对盲肠菌群有积极影响.

羊肚菌营养价值高,经济效益好,栽培规模日渐壮大,部分产品出口发达国家,随之而来的安全性问题引起人们关注.本文首次将危害分析与关键控制点体系(hazard analysis and critical control point,HACCP)基本原理应用于干制羊肚菌供应链安全管理,通过危害分析,确定了产地环境、 栽培管理、 原料清选、 热风干燥及成品检验5个关键控制点,并根据国家标准确定符合性要求,最终构建干制羊肚菌供应链HACCP安全控制体系,以最大限度保障干制羊肚菌从农田到餐桌整个过程的安全性.

A high Mw (5012 kDa) polysaccharide (PNPS) from the fruiting body of Pleurotus nebrodensis was isolated using water extraction followed by ethanol precipitation. The structural characteristics and in vitro fermentation behaviors of this polysaccharide was investigated. Chemical composition analysis showed the total sugar content of PNPS was up to 97.20 ± 1.80 wt%. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed PNPS contained mainly glucose (89.22 ± 5.70 mol%) while small percentage of mannose (5.60 ± 0.74 mol%) and galactose (5.18 ± 0.33 mol%) were also detected. According to the linkage pattern analysis (methylation analysis), PNPS comprised mainly 4-β-D-Glcp (58.90 mol%), while other residues including α-D-Glcp, 6-α-D-Galp, 3,6-α-D-Manp, 3-β-D-Glcp and 6-α-D-Glcp were detected with a comparable amount. Combined with results from 1D and 2D NMR spectrum, a proposed structure of PNPS was presented. In vitro fermentation of PNPS by gut microbiota showed total SCFA production of all treatment groups was higher than negative control group (NC) significantly (p < 0.05) after 48 h of fermentation. The formation of SCFAs was mainly acetic acid, followed by propionic acid and butyric acid, and the pH was decreased from 6.95 to 4.70. After 72 h, the total sugar content decreased from 5.813 ± 0.87 mg/L to 0.23 ± 0.065 mg/L, and the molecular weight of PNPS decreased.