Bacteria fruit blotch (BFB), a seed-borne bacterial disease caused by Acidovorax citrulli (A. citrulli), has led devastating losses on cucurbit industry, particularly in watermelon and melon production. In this study, two melon accessions, resistant line 1185 and susceptible line 1232, were crossed, and F2 population (88 and 225 individuals) was evaluated across two seasons (F2_Spring and F2_Autumn). Genetic analysis indicated that BFB resistance in melons exhibit the genetic characteristics of quantitative trait. Bulked segregant analysis sequencing (BSA‑seq) analysis, conducted using the index‑slid method and the Euclidean distance (ED) algorithm, identified six and five resistance‑associated chromosomal intervals located on chromosomes 8, 10 and 12, respectively. Within these intervals, MELO3C008984 and MELO3C035750 harboured nonsynonymous variants in their exons between two parental lines. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping identified two QTLs qBFB-10.1 (1.89 Mb) and qBFB-10.2 (4.87 Mb) on chromosome 10 explaining between 4.57

Acidified soils in greenhouse vegetable systems constrain crop production and soil ecological functions. This study investigated the effects of different amendment treatments on soil ecological factors in acidified soils under greenhouse spinach cultivation in Baoqing County, China. Three treatments were established: farmyard manure alone (T1), Haijuneng soil amendment, an alkaline oyster-shell-based soil conditioner, alone (T2), and the combined application of farmyard manure and Haijuneng soil amendment (T3). High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene combined with functional prediction was used to analyze soil bacterial community characteristics and their relationships with soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities. The results showed that soil pH increased significantly under T2 compared with T1 (4.59 vs. 4.14), along with higher exchangeable calcium (16.11 vs. 12.20 cmol kg-1) and exchangeable magnesium (5.54 vs. 3.83 cmol kg-1). In contrast, T3 showed the highest organic matter content (48.54 g kg-1) and phosphatase activity. Compared with T1, both T2 and T3 increased urease activity and altered bacterial community structure and functional composition, while microbial diversity was highest under T2. Soil pH and available phosphorus were the main factors driving bacterial community variation, whereas pH, exchangeable calcium, and exchangeable magnesium were significantly correlated with multiple dominant genera and KEGG level 2 pathways. Overall, the amendment strategies showed distinct effects: compared with the conventional practice of farmyard manure alone, Haijuneng soil amendment alone was more effective in partially alleviating soil acidification, whereas its combined application with farmyard manure was more favorable for soil organic matter accumulation and enhancing soil phosphorus supply potential.

In this study, the effects of different modifiers on rhizosphere soil microorganisms, their functions, and the soil properties of continuous tomato cropping were investigated. Nine amendments were selected to treat the soil from a 14-year continuous tomato cropping system. Tomato yield, soluble solids, soil physical and chemical properties, and soil enzyme activities were measured. Changes in soil microbial community structure and function were determined by metagenomic sequencing, and their correlation with environmental factors was analyzed. The results showed that among the nine amendments, the combination of farmyard manure + Bacillus subtilis + Trichoderma harzianum (T2) and plant-derived straw decomposed soil + Bacillus subtilis + Trichoderma harzianum (T3) had the most significant effects. The tomato yield, soil hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, and total nitrogen contents and soil phosphatase activities were significantly increased under the T2 and T3 treatments. Compared with the CK treated with T2, the contents of yield, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, and total nitrogen were significantly increased by 34.46%, 41.84%, 52.44%, 45.01%, 24.5%, and 41.18%, respectively. The soil microbial community structure also changed significantly. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Bacteroidota increased significantly. The relative abundance of Hyphomicrobium, Rhodomicrobium, and Rhodoplanes increased significantly compared with the control. The soil microbial function was mainly enriched in two pathways of amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. Among them, T2 significantly enriched six community functions, such as bacterial chemotaxis. T3 significantly enriched three community functions, such as glutathione metabolism. A correlation analysis showed that soil hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, pH, phosphatase, and catalase were the key factors affecting microbial community changes. The treatment of farm manure/plant-derived straw decomposed soil + Bacillus subtilis + Trichoderma harziensis improved the soil environment, increased crop yield, clarified the effects of different modifiers on the functional mechanisms of the soil microbial community, and provided a practical solution to the problem of soil degradation in agriculture monoculture.

Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is consumed as one of the oldest domesticated crops all over the world. Although mutation breeding using radiation has been performed in hot peppers, little is known about the comparative analysis of mutagenic effects at the molecular level by ion beam irradiation. To comprehend the response mechanism of hot pepper to the ion beam, we used a mutant with favorable economic characteristics induced by lithium-ion beam irradiation to investigate the biological effects. The results indicated that the lithium-ion beam had a positive effect on important agronomic traits, particularly yield unit, but had a negligible effect on the photosynthetic rate of hot pepper, with a specific influence on chlorophyll b rather than chlorophyll a. By RNA-Seq analysis, 671 up-regulated and 376 down-regulated genes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between irradiated and unirradiated hot pepper. Based on GO and KEGG network analysis, the auxin metabolic process was the common pathway in these two networks. A total of 118 potential reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging genes and 262 signal transduction genes were identified, suggesting a balance between antioxidant enzymes and enhanced ROS transduction. The amounts of 15 metabolite, involved in GABA pathways, secondary metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, shikimate pathways, TCA cycles, nitrogen metabolism, glycerol metabolism and acetate pathways, were significantly changed in the ion beam irradiated sample. These results highlighted that the enriched pathways could play important roles in response to ion beam irradiation in hot pepper plants. In summary, these data provide valuable information for future research on ion beam irradiation and genomic studies in hot pepper.

该研究从油豆角耐低温弱光新品种的选择、播种时间确定、水肥一体化技术的应用、病虫害生物农药防治到采收等方面,总结出一套适合东北地区使用的油豆角反季节高产、高效生产栽培技术,以期提高反季节油豆角的产量和品质,调整产品上市时间.

贵族1号是以N-15-18为母本、N-15-20为父本育成的肉用南瓜一代杂交新品种.该品种属中熟品种,黑龙江省春季露地栽培条件下,从出苗到采收生育期75 d,全生育期82 d.果实长棒状,果顶和果蒂端略细,中部略粗,果形略弯;果皮灰色,浅灰色果线,果表光滑;果肉鲜黄,果肉厚2.0 cm,粉质细腻,口感甜糯;干物质含量(w,后同)≥18％,坐果能力强,单株结瓜2～4个,单瓜质量2.2～2.5 kg,中抗白粉病、霜霉病.适合在东北地区及我国各地露地栽培,667 m2产量3200 kg左右.

萝卜是重要的蔬菜作物,黑腐病是其主要病害之一,对萝卜产量和品质影响较大.从黑腐病发生、黑腐病菌特征、黑腐病抗源材料的筛选及抗病育种研究、抗黑腐病基因、抗黑腐病遗传规律和黑腐病综合防治等方面对萝卜黑腐病研究进展进行综述,旨在为黑腐病的研究提供理论基础.

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is one of the most popular Cucurbitaceae vegetable worldwide. Alternaria leaf spot, caused by Alternaria cucumerina (A. cucumerina), is a major pathogenic fungus of cucumber in China. In order to explore the response of the antioxidant system to the stress of Alternaria leaf spot in leaves of cucumber seedlings with different resistance ratings, the first true leaves of D1322 (resistant cucumber) and BJ204 (susceptible cucumber) were sprayed with A. cucumerina suspension. We determined chlorophyll (Chl), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anion (O2−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ascorbic acid (AsA), glutathione (GSH) content and protective enzyme activities at 1 day post inoculation (dpi), 2 dpi, 3 dpi, 4 dpi, 5 dpi and 6 dpi. The results showed that, under A. cucumerina infection, Chl content decreased, and MDA, O2−, H2O2 production increased, compared with the uninfected control. Most of the time the decrease or increase of Chl, MDA, O2−, H2O2 content in infected D1322 was less than in infected BJ204. The content of AsA kept a steady content in infected D1322, but decreased in infected BJ204, compared with each control. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of infected D1322 increased, but SOD activity of infected BJ204 decreased. In addition, compared with each control, catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and monodehydroascorbate (MDHAR) activities in infected D1322 were higher than those in infected BJ204. Gene expression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CsCu-ZnSOD), CsCAT, CsAPX and CsMDHAR showed the same changes as enzyme activities. These results demonstrate that the over-accumulation of ROS, a result of A. cucumerina infection, appears to be responsible for chlorotic and membrane lipid peroxidation. Disease resistance is associated with high activities of ROS detoxification enzymes--SOD, APX, CAT and steady levels of non-enzymic antioxidant—AsA, which scavenge excess ROS.

为改善镉胁迫下保护地油豆角品质,降低重金属镉在油豆角内的积累量,以黑龙江省主栽油豆角品种"将军"为供试材料,采用盆栽试验方式,模拟在1.5 mg·kg-1镉胁迫下,调查不同土壤含水量对油豆角植株高度、主茎粗度、单株产量、可溶性糖含量、维生素C含量,叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量、脯氨酸(Pro)含量、可溶性蛋白质(Pr)含量,以及植株各部分镉含量等指标的影响.结果表明:土壤含水量在80％～90％时,以上各指标均优于其他处理,可溶性糖、维生素C、可溶性蛋白质含量增加,丙二醛、脯氨酸含量降低,抗氧化酶活性均显著低于对照和其他处理,且叶片、果实、根部的镉含量均最低.表明,适当漫灌能够改善隔胁迫下油豆角的生长发育.

'Longlv No.1'is a new cucumber F1 hybrid developed by crossing inbred line 96452 as female parent and inbred line 0104 as male parent.The plant has strong growth vigor.The fruits grow on the main vine.The fruit is about 35 cm in length with early maturity.The fruit is straight,sweet and crispy,and has dark green skin with few white spines.It is highly resistant to downy mildew,resistant to fusarium wilt and powdery mildew.It is suitable for greenhouse cultivation in winter and spring and planting under big plastic shed in spring.

十字花科蔬菜黑腐病是由野油菜黄单胞菌野油菜致病变种引起的世界性的重要病害之一.近年来,黑龙江省大白菜黑腐病增加,因此有必要对其进行研究.以黑龙江省哈尔滨市和依兰县感染黑腐病的大白菜叶片为试材,分离纯化病原菌,获得3株病原菌.应用分子生物学方法鉴定病原菌,以细菌通用引物16S rRNA对该病原菌进行16S rRNA的PCR扩增测序分析,发现该病原菌均与Xanthomonas campestris pv.campestris具有分别为99.71％、100.00％和99.93％的一致性.根据分离菌的表型特征及分子特征,鉴定分离的病原菌为大白菜黑腐病的致病菌-野油菜黄单胞菌野油菜致病变种.

"黄冠2号"是由自交系332和自交系207配制而成的油亮型旱黄瓜一代杂种,该品种早熟,植株长势较强,以主蔓结瓜为主,春季雌花节率50％以上.瓜长约19 cm,皮色浅绿、油亮,白刺稀少,果肉浅绿,商品性好.商品瓜中维生素C含量150 mg·kg-1,可溶性固形物含量3.86％,干物质含量4.08/％.每667 m2产量约4 000 kg.适宜在东北及内蒙古地区保护地栽培.

国品天香是黑龙江省农业科学院园艺分院育成的肉用南瓜新一代杂交品种.亲本为N-14-5(母本)和N-14-20(父本).该品种早熟,春季露地栽培,从出苗到采收生育期72 d,果实扁圆形,绿色,果肉浓黄,果肉厚度2.1 cm,粉质细腻;绿色条带,果实表面光滑靓丽.干物质质量分数≥20％.坐果能力强,单株结瓜2～4个,单瓜质量2.1 kg.中抗白粉病、霜霉病,耐贮、耐运.适合在东北地区及我国各地露地栽培,667 m2产量3000 kg.

'龙甜6号'是黑龙江省农业科学院园艺分院以'T-33-18'为母本'、T-28-16'为父本育成的薄皮甜瓜杂交1代新品种.该品种早熟,生育期65 d左右;果实长圆形,黄白皮,尾绿晕,转色速度快,白瓤,沙脆,单瓜质量0.45 kg.连续坐果能力强,单株结瓜5～7个,整齐一致,商品性突出,叶片肥大,生长速度快,采收期集中.667 m2产量2500 kg.适合在东北地区及我国各地区露地、棚室栽培.2019年通过中华人民共和国农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记.

龙园黄冠是由自交系216和自交系45配制而成的油亮型旱黄瓜一代杂种,早熟,植株长势中等,以主蔓结瓜为主,春季雌花节率50％以上.瓜长20cm左右,皮色浅绿、油亮,白刺稀少,果肉浅绿,商品瓜率高.田间对枯萎病、霜霉病、白粉病的抗性优于对照龙园绿春.适宜保护地种植,每667 m2产量4 000 kg左右,露地也可种植.适宜在东北及内蒙古地区栽培.

为研究生长调节剂对西瓜幼苗生长发育的影响,筛选出防控西瓜幼苗徒长、培育西瓜壮苗的药剂,采用8种生长调节物质浸泡西瓜种子,测定下胚轴高度、壮苗指数等指标.8个处理的根鲜质量、下胚轴粗度比对照分别提高8.5％～26.4％和5.8％～23.2％,下胚轴高度、发芽率比对照分别降低8.8％～60.1％和8.0％～70.0％,处理3的综合指标最优;8个处理的壮苗指数比对照提高15.05％～55.38％,处理3的壮苗指数最高.8种植物生长调节物质抑制了下胚轴中GA的合成、促进了根中GA的合成,改变了下胚轴细胞超微结构,抑制西瓜幼苗下胚轴伸长.筛选出的氨基寡糖素、叶绿体转化素(植倍丰)、矮壮素可以作为防止幼苗徒长、培育壮苗的备选药剂,其中200 mg·L-1的氨基寡糖素浸泡西瓜种子12 h的效果最好.

Cucumber alternaria leaf spot is a fungal disease of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) caused by the pathogen Alternaria cucumerina (Ell et Ev.) Elliott. RNA-seq was used to reveal plants response to Alternaria cucumerina infection at 2 and 6 days post-inoculation in two cucumber varieties—a resistant variety, D1322; and a susceptible one, BJ204. A total of 2015 and 162 differentially expressed genes were identified in D1322, whereas 5276 and 307 were identified in Beijing204, at 2 and 6 days post-inoculation, respectively. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of differentially exressed genes indicated that the significantly enriched GO terms and pathways were similar between D1322 and BJ204. Differentially expressed genes associated with the significantly enriched pathways: phenylpropanoid biosynthetic, phenylalanine metabolism and glutathione metabolism pathways, were mostly up-regulated. Differentially expressed genes related to the photosynthesis performance were down-regulated just in BJ04. Chloroplast swelling and grana lamellae disintegration were also observed in BJ204 with transmission electron microscopy. Many up-regulated transcription factors were induced following Alternaria cucumerina infection. This study provides valuable information on the molecular basis of cucumber–Alternaria cucumerina interaction mechanisms and offers candidate genes related to cucumber response to Alternaria cucumerina infection.

毛葱具有很高的营养和医疗价值,但受生理特性、施肥方式和生长环境等因素影响,贮藏保鲜过程中易生根发芽和腐烂变质.因此通过对毛葱保鲜贮藏技术的研究,以期提高毛葱耐储性,延长货架期,进而提高农民收入.

油豆角在我国黑龙江和吉林生产面积较大,为研究油豆角化肥农药减施技术,生产出绿色安全的农产品,调查了东北目前油豆角的生产面积与现状,以及油豆角常见病害发生情况和农药、化肥的使用情况,结合生产实际提出了适宜东北地区油豆角生产的化肥减施与替代技术及农药的减施技术,为油豆角化肥农药的减施提供参考.

为了解分蘖洋葱当前的研究现状,分析其未来的发展前景.综合叙述了分蘖洋葱的特点、分蘖洋葱的营养成分以保健功能、目前国内外对分蘖洋葱的研究动态,并最终分析出分蘖洋葱产业发展方向,即以洋葱生产、加工、销售的产业链为中心,带动和发展其产业化进程.