AIM:To investigate the protective effects of L-arginine(L-Arg),aminoguanidine(AG) and agmatine(AGM) on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and to evaluate the role of NO in cerebral ischemic injury.METHODS: The suture-occluded method was used in rats to establish the animal model of middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO).The neurobehavioral changes were evaluated by Longa scoring.The content of NO in serum was determined with microplate reader.The activity of iNOS in the focal ischemic cerebral tissues at the scheduled time was assayed by immunohistochemical method.RESULTS: (1) Compared to sham-operation group,the NO content significantly increased(P0.05) in the MCAO rats after reperfusion for 12 h,24 h and 72 h following ischemia.(2) Compared to ischemic group,the neurobehavioral scores in L-Arg group significantly decreased(P0.05) after reperfusion for 12 h following ischemia and the NO content increased(P0.05).After reperfusion for 24 h following ischemia,the neurobehavioral scores and the NO content in both AG group and AGM group significantly decreased(P0.05).After reperfusion for 12 h,24 h and 72 h following ischemia,the iNOS-positive cells in L-Arg group had no statistical difference(P0.05),but those in AG group and AGM group was lower than those in ischemic group(P0.05) and L-Arg group(P0.05).CONCLUSION: The contents of NO in serum and expression of iNOS in the focal ischemic cerebral tissues have dynamic changes with the time course of ischemia-reperfusion injury.Administration of L-Arg,AG or AGM has beneficial effect on the animals with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.

Objective To observe the volume of cerebral infarction and the expression of heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) and the content of carbon monoxide(CO) in neonatal rats with cerebral hypoxic-ischemia,and investigate the possible molecular mechanism of neuroprotective effects of arasaponin Rb1.Methods Neonatal SD rats,aged seven-day-old,were divided randomly into 4 groups:normal saline group,2 mg·kg-1 arasaponin Rb1 group(low dose group),10 mg·kg-1 arasaponin Rb1 group(meddle dose group) and 50 mg·kg-1 arasaponin Rb1 group(high dose group) after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage models were established.The changes of HO-1 mRNA in hippocampus were assessed by the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),and blood carbonyl haemoglobin(COHb) and variation of HO-1 activity in hippocampus were determined.Results Administration of meddle dose of arasaponin Rb1 greatly diminished the volume of cerebral infarction.Administration of meddle dose of arasaponin Rb1 greatly increased the content of COHb and activity of HO-1 in hippocampus(Pa0.05).Administration of meddle dose of arasaponin Rb1 also greatly increased the expression of HO-1 mRNA(P0.05).Conclusions Arasaponin Rb1 ameliorates the cerebral damage and diminishes the volume of cerebral infarction by escalating the contents of COHb and activity of HO-1 in hippocampus.Furthermore,the protective effect of arasaponin Rb1 has relationship with enhancing the expression of HO-1 mRNA.

Objective To observe the changes of endogenous carbon monoxide contents and activity of heme oxygenase 1 ( HO-1) in hippocampus of ischemical reperfusion brain injury rats. Methods Eighty male SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group and model group. In model group,cerebral ischemical reperfusion injury rats models were established by embolism of middle cerebral artery,and reperfusion of arteria one hour late. In sham operation group,the necks of rats were sliverd and the right common carotid artery were dissociated,but the artery was not ligated and embolized. Blood carbonylhaemoglobin( COHb) and variation of HO-1 activity in hippocampus were detected by biochemical test. Results Following the ischemical reperfusion injury,the contents of blood COHb and HO-1 activity in model group were higher than those in sham operation group at every time( P 0. 05) ,which reach the maximum twenty-four hours after reperfusion. Conclusion The contents of blood COHb and the activity of HO-1 in hippocampus increase after ischemical reperfusion injury in rats.

为探讨医学双语教学模式,进一步推进双语教学的改革,提高双语教学的质量,培养医学合格人才,作者针对生理学专业的特点,对生理学双语教学的教材选用、教学方法和教学模式及测试方法的进行系列改革。结果显示,90%以上的学生对双语教学成效满意。

在我国,双语教学是指以英语为第二语言的教学,旨在使教育面向现代化,面向世界,面向未来。但在双语教学的概念、任务、师资、教学水平和方法、教材以及学生等方面还存在很多问题。经过近些年国内高等院校的不断摸索和探讨,已经取得了许多值得借鉴的经验和成绩。本文通过在新乡医学院医学本科生中实施医学生理学双语教学,总结和回顾了进行双语教学的必要性。同时对于医学生理学双语教学中的一些值得重视和注意的问题进行了理论和实践探讨。

Objective:To study the effect of taurine on learning and memory in rats after sleep deprivation. Methods:Sleep deprivation was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by using Flower Pot technique. Learning and memory ability in rats were measured by Morris maze after 72 hours sleep deprivation.Results:Compared with control group,the mean escap period of experimental groups decreased significantly after 72 hours sleep deprivation, the crossing annulus coefficie increased markedly,especially in the medium dose group. Conclusion:Taurine can obviously improve the learning and memory dysmnesia in rats induced by sleep deprivation.

Objective To observe the changes of function and morphous of liver and kidney after acute intracerebral hemorrhage in rat.Methods The rat model of experimental intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)was established by injection of collaginase Ⅶ into internal capsule of cerebrum.After 24 hours,the serum content of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartete aminotransferase(AST),urea nitrogen(UN)and creatinine(Cr)were surveyed.At the same time,the liver and kidney were taken to fix and blade,then were made HE dyeing.Results Serum ALT,AST,UN and Cr in acute intracerebral hemorrhage group were significantly increased.To compare with the control group,the difference had statistical significance.The liver and kidney of the acute intracerebral hemorrhage rat had inflammatory reaction.Conclusion The function and morphous of the liver and kidney in rats all suffered damage after acute intracerebral hemorrhage.

AIM: To observe the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on the expressions of bax and bcl-2 genes in the perihematoma and hippocampus tissues in rats with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and explore the regulatory effect of neurotrophic factor on nerve cell apoptosis.METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Experiment Center of Medical Science, Guangxi Medical University from January to October 2006. ①Seventy-two clean grade adult Wistar rats with half male and female and 250 g were selected. ②ICH models were established by injection of collagenase into internal capsule of cerebrum. The neuroethological scores were detected by Bederson method to choose the rats with more than 3 points. The enrolled 72 Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups with 24 rats in each group. bFGF treatment group was intramuscularly injected with 8 μg/kg bFGF once daily; normal saline group was given matching normal saline once daily; model group was not treated. ③Eight rats from each group were selected at 1, 3 and 7 days, respectively to harvest the perihematoma and hippocampus tissues under anesthesia. The expression levels of bax and bcl-2 genes were detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS: Five rats died of cerebral hernia caused by over intracerebral hematoma during modeling. Seventy-two rats were involved in the result analysis after supplement. ①bax mRNA expression around perihematoma tissue: After 3 and 7 days intervention, the expression level of bax gene of the bFGF group were significantly decreased compared with the normal saline group (3 days: 0.54±0.19, 0.76±0.23, P < 0.05; 7 days: 0.45±0.19, 0.71±0.16, P < 0.01). ②bcl-2 mRNA expression around perihematoma tissue: After 3 and 7 days intervention, the expression level of bcl-2 gene of the bFGF group were significantly increased compared with the normal saline group (3 days: 0.68±0.25, 0.39±0.19, P < 0.05; 7 days: 0.80±0.21, 0.48±0.18, P < 0.01). ③bax mRNA expression in hippocampus tissue: After 3 and 7 days intervention, the expression level of bax gene of the bFGF group were significantly decreased compared with the normal saline group (3 days: 0.54±0.18, 0.70±0.11; 7 days: 0.43±0.24, 0.69±0.18, P < 0.05). ④bcl-2 mRNA expression in hippocampus tissue: After 3 and 7 days intervention, the expression level of bcl-2 gene of the bFGF group were significantly increased compared with the normal saline group (3 days: 0.66±0.11, 0.50±0.15; 7 days: 0.72±0.12, 0.52±0.22, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: bFGF could regulate apoptosis-related genes, increase the expression of bcl-2 gene and reduce the expression of bax gene around perihematoma and hippocampus tissue.

目的 观察碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对大鼠脑出血后出血灶周围脑组织和出血侧海马超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的影响.方法 采用脑内注射胶原酶建立大鼠脑出血模型,脑出血模型建立成功的动物分为模型组、生理盐水对照组和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗组,每组又分为1、3、7d 3个时间点.碱性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗组按8 μg/kg剂量肌内注射.然后检测各组血肿周围脑组织和出血侧海马中SOD活力和MDA含量.结果 (1)碱性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗组与生理盐水对照组比,3d、7d时血肿周围脑组织SOD活力均明显增高(P＜0.05),而3d和7d时血肿周围脑组织MDA含量均明显下降(P＜0.05).(2)碱性成纤维细胞生长因子治疗组与生理盐水对照组比,7d时出血侧海马SOD活力增高(P＜0.05),而7 d时出血侧海马MDA含量下降(P＜0.05) .结论 碱性成纤维细胞生长因子能提高大鼠脑出血后大脑脑组织和海马SOD活力,降低MDA含量.

Aim: To observe the effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Methods: The experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Physiology, Guangxi Medical University from January to July 2006. Totally 54 adult clean-grade Wistar rats, male and female (half and half), with the body mass of about 250 g were selected. The rat models of experimental intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) were established by injection of collagenase into internal capsule of cerebrum. The animals with neuroethological scores than 3 by Bederson method after the operation were enrolled in the study. Totally 54 Wistar rats were randomly divided into of model group, saline control group and bFGF treatment group. Each group subdivided into one day, three days and seven days time points, with 6 animals in each group of each time point. The rats in the bFGF treatment group received 8 μg/kg by intramuscular injection, once a day. Those in the saline control group received saline of the same volume of that in the bFGF treatment group, once a day. While the model group did not received any intervention. Brain tissues were obtained at corresponding time points in each group, respectively, and then the cerebral cortex and apoptotic number of nerve cells in hippocampus were measured with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) mediated Dutp nick end labeling (TUNEL). Results: Totally 54 rats were involved in the result analysis. Totally 3 rats died in the establishment of ICH models. Dead animals were dissected and large intracerebral hematoma was found, which induced hemiation of brain and animal death, and then animals were supplemented. 1 At day 3 apoptotic number of cortex nerve cells in the bFGF treatment group was less than that in the saline control group [(38.33±2.94), (45.33±5.35), P < 0.05]. 2 At day 7 apoptotic number of cortex nerve cells in the bFGF treatment group was less than that in the saline control group [(29.00±5.48), (43.33± 8.62), P < 0.01]. 3 At day 7 apoptotic number of nerve cells in hippocampus of the bFGF treatment group was less than that in the saline control group [(19.83±6.85), (28.33±5.72), P < 0.05]. Conclusion: The bFGF can inhibit and reduce the apoptosis of nerve cell after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Objective To determine the changing patterns of free radical in cerebrospinal fluid after renal ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) injury.Methods Twenty rabbits were divided randomly into control group and renal I/R injury group(I/R group),the contents of BUN,Cr,SOD and MDA in cerebrospinal fluid were determined and compared respectively after 24 h from reperfusion in renal.Results Compared with control group,24 h after renal I/R, the contents of BUN,Cr and MDA increased(P0.05),while the activity of SOD dropped(P0.05)in cerebrospinal fluid of the IR group.Conclusion Renal I/R injury can lead to the accumulation of metabolism and the creation of free radical in cerebrospinal fluid and the tissues of brain ,which indicates that the dysfunction of nerve system may be related to the change of free radical in cerebrospinal fluid after I/R injury in renal.

AIM: To explore the effects of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury on the changes of biochemistry in blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid.METHODS: Twenty healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into control group and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury group(IR group).The contents of creatinine(Cr),urea nitrogen(UN),Na~+,Ca~(2+),metabolite of nitric oxide(NO) in blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid were detected and analyzed.The total activity of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) in brain tissues was also measured.RESULTS: Compared with control group,the contents of UN,Cr and NO were obviously higher(P0.05),and the content of Na~+ was obviously lower both in blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid in IR group than those in control at 24 h after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.The content of Ca~(2+) was lower in blood serum but higher in cerebrospinal fluid in IR group compared with control group(P0.05).Both the contents of NO_2~-/NO_3~-and the total activity of NOS in brain tissues were higher in IR group than those in control group(P0.05).CONCLUSION: Not only elements of blood serum but also the biochemistry of cerebrospinal fluid were changed by renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. NO may involve in the influence of the renal ischemia-reperfusion injury on the cerebral function.

目的探讨缺血预处理对家兔肾缺血再灌注损伤后血清电解质及SOD和MDA的影响及作用机制.方法健康新西兰兔27只,随机分为对照(Control)组、单纯缺血再灌注(IR)组和缺血预处理+缺血再灌注(IPC-IR)组.分别检测缺血再灌注后2h和24h的血清中肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、Na+、K+、Ca2+、Cl-、丙二醛(MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量.结果缺血再灌注24 h后,IR组和IPC-IR组血清BUN均高于Control组,而血清Cr,IR组显著高于Control组(P≤0.05).缺血再灌注后,IR组血清Na+显著低于Control组和IPC-IR组(P≤0.05),而血清中K+,IR组显著高于Control组和IPC-IR组(P≤0.05).血清Ca2+在缺血再灌注2h后,IR组显著低于Control组和IPC-IR组(P≤0.05),但缺血再灌注24h后,IPC-IR组显著高于Control组和IR组(P≤0.05).血清Cl-在再灌注24h后,IR组显著低于Control组和IPC-IR组(P≤0.05).肾缺血再灌注2h和24h后,血清MDA,IR组最高、IPC-IR组其次,而Control组最低,血清SOD活性为IPC-IR组最高、Control组其次,而IR组最低.结结论缺血预处理可以明显改善缺血再灌注损伤后肾脏的功能,尤其在调节血清电解质平衡方面有更好的作用,其机制与预处理后机体抗氧化能力的增强有关.尤其在调节血清电解质平衡方面有更好的作用,其机制与预处理后机体抗氧化能力的增强有关.

Objective To investigate the relationship between pathological changes and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression in the lung tissues of passive smoking rats.Methods The model of passive smoking method in 12-week-old female SD rats was established.The lung tissue in 3,6,9-week passive smoking rats were taken respectively and pathological examination and VEGF immunohistochemical measurement were carried out,and the relationship between the pathological changes and the VEGF expressing was analyzed.Results There were inflammatory cells infiltration and cilia desquamating and goblet epithelium cells metaplasia in the lung tissues in smoking rats.There were alveolar wall breaking partly and alveolar space enlarging in 6-week smoking rats.In 9-week smoking rats,early emphysema-like changes appeared.The average alveoli pulmonum number decreased and the alveolus inner lining interval increased.The deceased of VEGF expressing was in positive correlation with the decrease of alveoli pulmonum number,and in negative correlation with the increase of alveolar septum number.Conclusion The pathological changes of the lung tissues in passive smoking rats consistented with emphysema-like changes,VEGF is possibly an important factor in the pathology of emphysema caused by smoking.

目的:克隆小鼠白细胞介素-1cDNA(IL-1 cDNA),构建小鼠IL-1cDNA 逆转录病毒载体.方法:利用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR),从小鼠胸腺细胞中扩增出小鼠IL-1cDNA,克隆到测序载体pBluscript中,测序后,再亚克隆到逆转录病毒载体pLNCX中.结果:RT-PCR 扩增出约518bp片段,经酶切鉴定显示小鼠IL-1cDNA 逆转录病毒载体(IL-1pLNCX)构建成功.结论:小鼠IL-1cDNA与已发表的其他种小鼠的序列相同,IL-1cDNA可能无种间差异.为进一步研究IL-1在中枢神经系统病理状态下的作用机制提供了有利的研究工具.

"创新",也被称为创新素质,涵盖了三个层次的内容:一是创新意识和创新精神,属于非智力素质的范畴,也可以称之为创新人格.二是创新思维,也称为创造性思维,是狭义智力层面的,是一种思维风格和思维取向,创新思维是整个创新活动的核心.三是创新能力,也称为创造力,创造力是人们进行创造性活动的心智能力和个性素质的总和,是广义的智力层面的概念.总之,具备了创新人格以及以创新思维为内核的创新能力的人,才能被称为创造性人才.

目的:探讨在肾缺血再灌注损伤后血清和脑脊液中电解质含量变化规律.方法:20只健康新西兰兔随机分为对照组和肾缺血再灌注组(IR组),检测和比较缺血再灌注前和再灌注后1 h、24 h血清和脑脊液中肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、Na+、K+、Ca2+和Cl-含量.结果:与对照组相比,在肾缺后再灌注后1 h和24 h,IR组血清和脑脊液中的BUN、Cr、K+和Cl-均显著升高;在缺血再灌注后24 h,Na+明显降低,血清Ca2+显著降低而脑脊液中Ca2+显著升高.结论:肾缺血再灌注损伤后,脑脊液和血清中电解质均出现紊乱,提示肾缺血再灌注损伤后神经系统功能的改变可能与脑脊液中电解质紊乱有关.

Objective To research the effects of melatonin(MT) on histological changes and levels of follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH) and testosterone(T) in serum of mice.Methods The radioimmunoassay was used in measurement of contents of FSH,LH and T in serum.The effect of MT on FSH,LH and T in the mice was observed and the effect of the MT on the prostate tissue of mice was observed by the way of morphology.Results In the MT group,the contents of FSH,LH and T were lower than that of normal group ,and the prostate tissue of the mice in MT group was atrophique.Conclusion MT can restrain the growing of the prostate tissuse of mice and it can restrain the excreting of the FSH, LH and T.

Objective To determine gross α and gross β radioactivity levels in drinking water and original water of Xinxiang city and make hygiene evaluation .Methods The 16 original water samples from Yellow river,23 purified water samples from waterworks, 8 water samples from the residents tap,8 water samples from 25-metre-deep well,7 water samples from 35-metre-deep well and 16 water samples from 80-metre-deep well are taken. The direct evaporation to dryness was adapted to measure gross α and gross β radioactivity specific activity ,the SAS Statistical Package and statistical methods such as t test were applied in stalistical analysis. Results The findings of investigation indicated that gross α and gross β radioactivity in drinking water and deeper underground water accorded with the national sanitary standard of drinking water for life,but gross α radioactivity level in surface underground water was higher than that of the national standard. Conclusion Tap water and deeper underground water can be used as drinking water ,of which radioactivity accords with the national standard , but the surface underground water is not fit for drinking.