目的:研究转录因子Snail及上皮钙黏素E-cadherin在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达,探讨二者与乳腺浸润性导管癌各临床病理因素之间的关系,并分析二者的相关性.方法:应用免疫组织化学SP法检测55例患者乳腺浸润性导管癌组织与癌旁组织中Snail及E-cadherin的表达情况.结果:E-cadherin在实验组中的阳性表达率为58.18％,在对照组中阳性表达率为98.18％,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),E-cadherin的表达与患者年龄、乳腺浸润性导管癌组织学分级、HER-2相关.Snail在实验组中的阳性表达率为87.27％,在对照组中阳性表达率为12.73％,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).Snail的表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌组织学分级、ER、HER-2相关.由癌旁组织到乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中,E-cadherin的阳性表达呈递减,而Snail的阳性表达呈递增,且E-cadherin和Snail的表达呈负相关(r=-0.341,P<0.01).结论:E-cadherin及Snail是患者乳腺浸润性导管癌发生、进展以及转移的重要生物学标志,与肿瘤的发生及肿瘤的浸润转移密切相关.

目的 探索加强临床医学硕士专业学位学生人文教育的良好途径.方法 调整培养方案中的医学人文教育内容和实践环节,加强教师培训,以提高教师人文教育意识,从而实现对学生人文教育的系统化设计,最后采用调查问卷的方式进行效果统计和分析调整培养方案前后的差别,为下一步的改进提供依据.结果 在调整人文教育方法前后,多个调查项目的数据差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 系统化的人文教育设计和全方位人文教育过程,可以更有效地增进临床医学硕士专业学位学生的医学人文内涵,提高学生的人文素质.

项目研究范畴属于病理学以及肿瘤学.通过研究多种类型的恶性肿瘤组织样本,对血管生成拟态具有的临床意义进行了阐述,并分析了肿瘤血管形成的三个阶段,最后探究技术方法 及学术影响.

目的 分析盐霉素对CD44 +/CD24-/low表型乳腺癌干细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响,并初步探讨其影响机制.方法 通过有血清和无血清培养技术培养人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞株,收集两种细胞,对其CD24、CD44标志物进行荧光染色,采用流式细胞仪检测CD44 +/CD24-/low亚群细胞的比例;盐霉素培养MCF-7细胞株和CD44 +/CD24-/low表型乳腺癌干细胞,MTT法筛选出引起CD44 +/CD24-/low表型乳腺癌干细胞细胞凋亡低于IC50的浓度;Transwell技术检测MCF-7和CD44 +/CD24-/low表型乳腺癌干细胞的迁移和侵袭能力,以筛选出的浓度诱导CD44 +/CD24-/low表型乳腺癌干细胞,以排除盐霉素对该细胞增殖抑制作用的影响,Transwell技术检测该细胞迁移和侵袭能力的变化;Western blot技术检测TGFβ1、Smad2、Smad3、p-Smad2、p-Smad3、MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白水平的变化.结果 CD44+/CD24-/low表型乳腺癌干细胞在无血清培养和有血清培养中的比例分别为(86.93±0.53)％和(19.98±0.62)％(P＜0.01),CD44 +/CD24+表型细胞的比例分别是(12.68±0.59)％和(79.90±0.57)％ (P＜O.01);MTT法筛选出低于IC50的浓度是1、3、5、7μmol/L;Transwell技术检测CD44 +/CD24-/low表型乳腺癌干细胞迁移和侵袭能力明显高于MCF-7细胞株,并随盐霉素浓度的上升呈下降趋势(P＜0.05).Western blot技术检测TGFβ1、Smad2、Smad3、p-Smad2、p-Smad3、MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白水平下调(P＜0.01).结论 盐霉素可能通过TGFβ1/Smad信号通路下调MMP-2、MMP-9蛋白水平,从而降低CD44 +/CD24-/low表型乳腺癌干细胞迁移和侵袭能力.

Purpose To identify whether serum-free culture can enrich breast cancer stem cells from MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Methods MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line by serum-free culture and serum culture technology were cultured, its cell mor-phology and growth pattern were observed by the inverted microscope. The expression of stem cell surface molecular makers CD24, CD44 was observed by the inverted fluorescence microscope and the flow cytometry, the proportion of different subpopulation cells was detected by the flow cytometry. At the same time, difference of the cell cycle was detected by the flow cytometry. Results The cell line cultured by serum-free culture grew in the form of suspended microspheres of different sizes in the medium, but the cell line cul-tured by serum culture grew in the form of monolayer adherent growth. There was no obvious difference in the expression of stem cell surface molecular makers CD44 between the suspended microsphere cells and the adherent cells, but the expression of CD24 in the sus-pended microsphere cells decreased compared to the adherent cells. The proportion of CD44 + /CD24 -/low phenotype cells in the suspen-ded microsphere cells and the adherent cells was (86. 93 ± 0. 53)% and (19. 98 ± 0. 62)%, respectively (P<0. 05), the proportion of CD44 + /CD24 + phenotype cells was (12. 68 ± 0. 59)% and (79. 90 ± 0. 57)%, respectively (P<0. 05). The proportion of mitotic cells in the suspended microsphere cells and the adherent cells was ( 18. 85 ± 2. 26 )% and ( 43. 91 ± 1. 81 )%, respectively ( P<0. 05), the proportion of quiescent cells was (64. 92 ± 2. 07)% and (39. 82 ± 1. 77)%, respectively (P<0. 05). Conclusion CD44 + /CD24 -/low breast cancer stem cells can be effectively enriched by the serum-free culture technology.

医学科研设计与方法课程针对临床医学硕士专业学位特点和课程结构设计方法,增加了循证医学方法论的学习内容,按照协调性、有序性、相对稳定性、可调节性对该课程设计为理论知识、方法论、实践与技能三个模块,为临床医学硕士专业学位研究生进行临床研究奠定基础.

地方医学院校是我国高等教育的重要组成部分,为国家的研究生教育事业和地区卫生事业的发展做出了巨大贡献.但在研究生培养过程中,由于受学校定位、专业设置、办学历史、学校位置等因素的影响,遇到了教育资源薄弱、培养条件局限等因素的困扰.地方医学院校可以通过准确定位学校,形成办学特色,加强导师队伍建设,加强与地方医疗单位合作等措施,改进研究生培养条件,提高研究生培养质量.

Notch1是参与调控细胞分化的重要分子,其表达异常与许多肿瘤的转移密切相关.在乳腺癌发展过程中,Notch1分子可能通过增强乳腺癌干细胞迁徙活性促进其转移,如果证实这一机制,对于研制靶向于乳腺癌干细胞Notch1分子的药物,阻断其转移有重要意义.

Notch1是参与调控细胞分化的重要分子,其表达异常与许多肿瘤的转移密切相关.在乳腺癌发展过程中,Notch1分子可能通过增强乳腺癌干细胞迁徙活性促进其转移,如果证实这一机制,对于研制靶向于乳腺癌干细胞Notch1分子的药物,阻断其转移有重要意义。

法医学在普通高等医学院校出现边缘化趋势,学科的发展存在严重的滞后性。本文通过对我校临床医学专业的法医学教学现状的剖析,提出了三种各具特色的教学手段,并根据课程内容的实际情况选择适宜的方法,力求使法医学教学适应新形势的需要,促进我国法医学教学的健康发展。

The most literature discuss the question of postgraduates' innovation quality raise,but appraises are the pedagogue must face.Establishes graduate student's innovation quality appraisal target,examines two level of fuzzy synthesis judgment models using the cartel 16pf personality factor,enables the appraisal to have scientifically,is objective,is pointed,by time wooden barrel theory short board lengthen.

研究生创新素质的模糊综合评判中的评判指标确定后,首先涉及到它的权重确定而指标的权重是指标相对重要程度的一种客观度量的反映,指标权重的精确性决定了评判结果的准确性,所以,利用层次分析法和德尔菲法(Delphi)来确定评判指标的权重.

目的:通过检测Notch1、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）及环氧化酶-2（COX-2）在乳腺癌细胞中的表达情况探讨它们与乳腺癌淋巴结转移和预后的关系。方法:采用免疫组化SP法检测Notch1、MMP-9及COX-2蛋白在106例乳腺浸润性导管癌（有淋巴结转移者65例,无林巴结转移者41例）中的表达,并用多因素Cox比例风险模型评估患者的预后。结果:Notch1、MMP-9及COX-2的表达在有淋巴结转移组与无转移组之间的差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,与乳腺癌淋巴结转移呈正相关;Notch1的表达随着乳腺癌病理分级的增高而增强;Notch1表达高者生存期短。结论:乳腺癌Notch1、MMP-9及COX-2蛋白表达与淋巴道转移有关,检测这几种蛋白将有助于判断乳腺癌的转移潜能及预后。

Objective:To explore the clinical significance and rule of phenotypic differentiation in invasive ductal carcinoma.Methods:The expression levels of CK5,CK8 and P63 in 136 case with invasive ductal carcinoma were detected by immunohistochemical staining,the relationship between phenotypic differentiation and clinical-pathological characteristics was analysed.Results:The expression of CK5 was low in invasive ductal carcinoma,while the expression of CK8 was high.109 cases (80.15%) showed CK5-/CK8+ phenotype,9 cases (6.62%) showed CK5+/CK8-phenotype,15 cases (11.03%) showed CK5+/CK8+ phenotype and 3 cases (2.21%) showed CK5-/CK8-phenotype,which was related to patients' age,tumor differentiation level,lymph node metastasis and clinical staging.The expression of P63 in invasive ductal carcinoma was low,11 cases (8.81%) showed rare neoplastic cells positive.Conclusion:CK5+/CK8+,CK5+/CK8-or P63+ phenotypes breast cancer is high malignant,bad prognosis,and the phenotype might be a novel molecular marker to predicate the progression of invasive ductal carcinoma.

Objective: To investigate the anti-tumor effect and mechanism with curcuma aramatica oil on mammary cancer of rats in vivo.Methods: DMBA was gavaged in the stomach of rats to establish mammary cancer models.DMBA were injected in the abdomen of the rats of the experimental group and the anti-tumor effect of curcuma aramatica oil was observe.Apoptosis of cell was evauated by the method of TUNEL.Results: Curcuma aramatica oil inhbited the formation of mammary buds,solid bodis,paillary hyperplasia and mitosis(P0.05).The index of apoptosis(AI) was singnificantly higher than that of the control group(P0.05).Conclusion: Curcuma aramatica oil can inhibit the growth of mammary cancer cell and promot apoptosis,but curcuma aramatica oil can not prevent the carcinogenesis.

Purpose To investigate the role of Notch1 signal in the differentiaton of mammary cancer stem cells. Methods 96 cases of invasive ductal carcinoma were collected in this study, in which the expression of Notch1, CK5 and CK8 was detected by SP immunohistchemical technique. Results The positive rate of Notch1 was 75% (72/96) in invasive ductal carcinomas. The expression of CK5 was lower in invasive carcinoma and 17 cases (17.7%) were positive. The expression of CK8 was higher and 89 cases (92.7%) of invasive carcinoma showed positive. In 5 cases of CK5+/CK8-phenotype, there was 1 case showed Notch1 positive; in 12 cases of CK5+/CK8+ phenotype, 4 cases showed Notch1 positive; in 77 cases of CK5-/CK8+ phenotype, 67 cases showed Notch1 positive; However, the expression of Notch1 was positively correlated with this phenotype of differentiation model (P=0.000). Conclusions During the malignant transformation of mammary stem cells, the expression of Notch1 is up-regulation. Notch1 gene may be an oncogene candidate, which may regulate the differentiation of mammary cancer stem cells.

病理学是一门实践性很强的基础医学课程,与临床各科密切相关.面对未来任职的需要,结合本学科特点,加强对学生临床病理学知识及临床医学思维方式的培养,达到提高临床应用能力之目的.为社会提供实用型医学人才奠定基础.该教学模式同样也值得在其他医学基础课程中推广.

Objective To investigate the expressions of CK5,CK8 and P63 protein and to explore their relations with clinicopathologic characteristics of breast cancer.Methods CK5,CK8 and P63 protein were detected in 96 cases of breast invasive ductal carcinoma by SP immunohistochemical technique.Results The expression of CK5 was weak in breast invasive ductal carcinoma,and only 17 cases(17.7%) were positive expression.The expression of CK8 was high in breast invasive ductal carcinoma and 89 cases(92.7%) were positive.Seventy-seven cases(80.2%) showed CK5-/CK8+ phenotype,5 cases(5.2%) were CK5+/CK8-phenotype,and 12 cases(12.5%) were CK5+/CK8+ phenotype,only 2 cases(2.1%) were CK5-/CK8-phenotype.These phenotypes were correlated with patients' age,tumor grade,lymph node metastasis and clinical stage.The expression of P63 in breast invasive ductal carcinoma was weak and 8 cases(8.3%) showed rare neoplastic cells positive staining.Conclusion CK5+/CK8+,CK5+/CK8-or P63+ phenotype breast cancer is highly malignant,prognosis is worse,and the phenotype might be novel molecular marker to predicate the progression of breast cancer.

Objective: To investigate the the anti-tumor effect with curcuma aramatica oil in adenocarcinoma and mechanism in mice. Methods: The inhibiting effect was detected by MTT. The model of colorectal adenocarcinoma was established in mice. Comparative analysis between control and experimental groups on the survival of mice and the growth of tumor. Apoptosis of adenocarcinoma cells was evaluated by the method of TUNEL. Results: Curcuma aramatica oil inhibited the growth of CT26 cells significantly in vivo concerntration dependent. The growth of tumor was suppressed by curcuma aramatica oil (P0.05).The average survival time was far longer than control group(P0.05). The index of apoptosis (AI) was singnificantly higher than that of conrol group(P0.05).Conclusion: Curcuma aramatica oil can induce the anti-tumor effect, perhaps promoting apoptosis is the main mechanism.