以灵武长枣(Ziziphus jujuba'Lingwuchangzao')果实为试验材料,经-18℃冻藏后,对其可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C、总酚、总黄酮含量以及超氧阴离子自由基和DPPH自由基清除率进行测定与分析.结果表明,在冻藏条件下,随着冻藏时间的推移,灵武长枣果实的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C、总酚、总黄酮等物质含量逐渐下降,超氧阴离子自由基和DPPH自由基清除能力也逐渐降低.维生素C、总酚含量与超氧阴离子自由基清除率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),总黄酮含量与超氧阴离子自由基清除率呈显著正相关(P<0.05),说明这3类物质是清除超氧阴离子自由基的主效物.此外,冻藏可以保持灵武长枣果实一定的DPPH自由基还原能力.维生素C含量的快速下降,使得总酚及总黄酮类物质在冻藏后期可维持枣果一定的抗氧化作用.

以灵武长枣为试材,采用紫外分光光度法,研究了采后低温(0～2℃)贮藏条件2℃下果实细胞壁组分变化的规律,以期为灵武长枣的贮藏保鲜提供参考依据.结果表明:在低温(0～2℃)贮藏条件下,果实硬度呈先上升后下降的趋势,表现出跃变型果实的呼吸特征;离子型果胶(ISP)和水溶型果胶(WSP)含量增加,与果实硬度呈极显著负相关;共价结合型果胶(CSP)、纤维素和半纤维素含量呈先上升后下降,与果实硬度均呈正相关,其中共价结合型果胶(CSP)和纤维素含量与果实硬度呈极显著正相关.

[目的]研究涂膜处理对灵武长枣低温贮藏期间抗氧化酶和PPO活性的影响.[方法]以灵武长枣为试材,研究海藻酸钠、壳聚糖、普鲁兰多糖涂膜处理对灵武长枣低温(0～4℃)贮藏期间抗氧化酶和PPO活性的影响.[结果]3种处理均显著延缓低温(0～4℃)贮藏期间灵武长枣SOD、CAT活性的下降速度,同时,有效抑制了PPO、POD活性上升速度.贮藏末期,各处理SOD、CAT活性均显著高于对照组,PPO、POD的活性均显著低于对照组,其中,壳聚糖涂膜处理和海藻酸钠涂膜处理效果最显著.[结论]该研究为灵武长枣的贮藏保鲜提供理论根据.

二维码植物识别技术应用于校园植物识别和植物学野外实习,是移动智能发展的潮流,也是植物学教学改革的必然趋势.智能移动终端与植物二维码的结合,能够引导学生进行场景式教学,通过让学生扫码认知植物,自主学习,提高认知能力,增加学生的认知种类.通过设计和开发信息化实践教学平台"知植"APP,提高学生对植物认知的掌握程度,通过教学平台与实践教学相结合,整体提高植物认知的教学效果,为植物学野外实习的开展打下坚实的理论基础.

植物学野外综合实习是全国各高校生物学基础课程的重要教学环节,具有理论教学和实验教学不可替代的作用.在实践中,我们根据教学团队多年来积累的野外实习教学经验,以及对民族地区学生学情的掌握,结合目前植物学野外综合实习的教学现状及存在问题,对北方民族大学植物学野外实习的教学方法进行了改革与创新,通过整合现有实习资源,增强师资力量,打造基于“互联网+”时代的植物学野外实习智能教学平台,完善实践教学的各个环节,构建了一个符合民族地区地方高校教学的植物学野外实习教学体系.

Objective] To research the effects of calcium nutrition agent on fruit cracking control and quality of jujube.[Method] With wood jujube as the experimental objects, calcium nutrition agent was transported into the tree by suspended bottle.Field investigation and indoor ju-jube soaking were combined together.The fruit cracking rate, fruit size, fruit weight and VC content were detected and analyzed.[ Result] Calcium nutrition solution in proper concentration reduced the fruit cracking rate, enhanced the fruit transverse and longitudinal diameters, and single fruit weight, and enhanced the fruit VC content.[Conclusion] 0.024 -0.032 g/mL calcium nutrition solution has better treatment effects.

[目的]研究金银花各花期花色素种类和含量的变化.[方法]通过对不同花期金银花进行了特征显色反应、紫外-可见光谱扫描分析和花色素含量的测定,分析了金银花各花期花色素的种类和含量的变化.[结果]金银花不同花期的花色素由类黄酮、叶绿素和类胡萝卜素三大类组成,类黄酮中仅含有黄酮、邻二酚羟基;米蕾期到金花期,叶绿素含量逐渐下降,类胡萝卜素、黄酮类色素含量总体呈上升趋势,导致花色由白到黄的变化.[结论]该研究为金银花花色变化提供了理论依据.

生物学野外实习是生命科学本科教学的重要组成部分,针对目前部分高校生物学野外实习经费紧张、实习课时压缩、教学质量下滑等问题,分析了植物学、动物学和生态学3门课程进行综合实习的必要性和优势,并就开展综合实习提出了若干建议,尤其强调了研究性实习内容的多样化和综合性,以期为进一步提高野外综合实习的效果提供参考.

Isolating good microorganisms which produce lipase from oil contaminated soil and oil-rich rapeseed , 11 Lipase Production microorganisms are isolated, Its enzymatic properties were studied, the optimum pH was 7, optimum temperature is 40℃, the lipase activity was 34.55 U. The lipase was relatively stable in pH 8.5 and at 35℃. The identification by morphology and rDNA-ITS order analytical method. The result showed that the strains isolated and screened ideal performance of lipase producing was Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae).

Fruits of Lonicera maackii were used as material to extract natural red pigment.The effects of different extract solvent on extraction of red pigment as well as stability of the obtained pigment were investigated.The results showed that the pigment was water-soluble;and the best extraction solvent was ethanol with pH 1.The pigment had good stability under acidic conditions,dark or natural light conditions;but the color changed under neutral or alkaline conditions;and direct sunlight had slight effect on its stability.The red pigment was unstable when the processing temperature was above 80 ℃.Some metal ions such as Na+,Mg2+and K+had little effect on the pigment;Al3+and Ca2+had certain hyperchromic effects;while Fe3+and Cu2+had obvious destructive effects.Oxidizer H2 O2 and reducing agent Na2 SO3 caused the decrease of absorption of red pigment extract.Food additives such as sucrose,maltose,glucose,citric acid,potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate had little effect on the stability of pigment in a certain range and thus could be used in allowable range.

Chitosan,sodium alginate,thymol and their compounds were adopted to study their inhibitory efficacy on major pathogenic fungi in post-harvest Lingwu changzao(Zizphus jujube Mill cv.Lingwu changzao),such as Rhizopus stolonifer,Penicillium crustosum,Alternaria alternate(Fr.) Keiss.and Trichoderma roseum(Pers.) The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was also tested.The results indicated that the three antimicrobial agents and their compounds had strong inhibitory effects on the four experimental fungi.The minimum inhibitory concentration on the four experimental fungi in descending order would be chitosan-thymol,sodium alginate-thymol,thymol,chitosan and sodium alginate.Therefore,the inhibitory efficacy of chitosan,sodium alginate in combination with thymol separately was significantly higher than that of them alone at the same effective concentration.

The inhibitory efficacy of chitosan,sodium alginate,thymol and their combinations on hyphal growth of major pathogenic fungi in post-harvest ‘ Lingwuchangzao ’,such as Rhizopus stolonifer,Penicillium crustosum,Alternaria alternate(Fr.) Keiss.and Trichoderma roseum(Pers.) were determined.The results showed that the three preservatives and their combinations had a strong inhibitory effect on the four experimental fungi and had a concentration effect.From the experiment that inhibition ratio of hyphal growth on the four experimental fungi in descending order would be chitosan-thymol,sodium alginate-thymol,thymol,chitosan,sodium alginate.Therefore,the inhibitory efficacy of chitosan,sodium alginate in combination with thymol on hyphal growth separately was significantly higher than that of them alone at the same effective concentration.

In this paper,the antifungal activities of chitosan,sodium alginate,thymol and their combinations and pH levels of culture mediums on major pathogenic fungi in post-harvest Lingwu changzao,such as Rhizopus stolonifer,Penicillium crustosum,Alternaria alternate(Fr.) Keiss and Trichoderma roseum(Pers.) were investigated in vitro.The results indicated that the three preservatives and their combinations had an inhibitory effect on the four experimental fungi in different degrees.They had a remarkable inhibitory effect on Trichoderma roseum(Pers.) but a weak inhibitory effect on Rhizopus stolonifer.Besides,three preservatives and their combinations had a strong inhibitory effect on the four experimental fungi when pH was 5.4,especially chitosan-thymol had remarkable inhibitory effect on the four experimental fungi.

Zizphus jujubamill cv.lingwuchangzao was studied.Morphological identification and sequencing of rDNA region were assayed on four pathogenic fungus,which was obtained from the decay Zizphus jujubamill cv.lingwuchangzao during storage.As a result,the four pathogenic fungus,respectively,are Rhizopus stolonifer,Penicillium sp.,Alternaria alternata(Fr.) Keissl,Trichoderma roseum(Pers.) Link.

【Objective】 In this study,effects of 1-MCP-treated on softening mechanism in the melon（Cucumis melo L.var Yujinxiang） fruit during storage were investigated.【Method】 Colour-change stage melon were treated with 1 μL/L 1-MCP at（21±1） ℃ temperature for 24 h,non-treated melon as control,and then the melon was stored at（10±1） ℃,70%-80% RH condition.Firmness,polygalacturonase（PG）,pectinmethylesterase（PME）,endo-β-1,4-glucanase（EGase）,β-glucosidase and β-galactosidase activities of the melon were determined during storage.【Result】 Results showed that 1-MCP treatment was effective in delaying decline of the melon firmness during storage.PME,PG and EGase activities increased during postharvest storage,but there were no significant changes of β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase activities for the control melon.While compared with control,1-MCP significantly inhibited PG,PME and EGase activity increased,but there were less effect of 1-MCP-treated on β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase activities of the melon.【Conclusion】 The results illustrated that decreased softening in 1-MCP-treated melon was associated with significant declining the activities of PG,PME and EGase.

In this paper,the study aimed to research the allelopathic effect of Mirabilis jalapa L.on Oenothera biennis L..Oenothera biennis L.seeds were placed in petri dishes in the laboratory conditions and soaked with water extract from Mirabilis jalapa L.fruit.The concentrations of water extract from Mirabilis jalapa L.fruit were 0.025 g/mL,0.05 g/mL,0.1 g/mL respectively.The effects of water extract from Mirabilis jalapa L.fruit were analyzed by the determinations of germination potential,germination rates,activity index,germination index and growth of seedling.The results showed that germination potential,germination rates,activity index and germination index all reached the highest compared to the other groups when the concentration of water extract from Mirabilis jalapa L.fruit was 0.025 g/mL.The fresh weight and seedling length were improved compared to the control group when the concentration of water extract from Mirabilis jalapa L.fruit were 0.05 g/mL,0.025 g/mL,but its root growth was inhibited.The water extract from Mirabilis jalapa L.fruit could promote seed germination and raise fresh weight,seedling length of Oenothera biennis L,but its root growth was inhibited.

To further improve the student's experimental skills in the cell biology experiment teaching,the experimental teaching team through rforming the teaching methods unceasingly,adapts the new teaching system,and adjusts the experimental content and the form promptly.By establishing perfect merit rating system,and grasping the good quality of teaching,etc.,the student's potential is excavated to strengthen the self-confidence and interest,thus the student's experimental skills are improved.Through analyses in the recent four years,the results show that the majority of students can enhance their professional skills,and improve their independent working abilities,and the independent study consciousness.All of these could be beneficial to strengthening the team cooperation consciousness.

To improve postharvest quality of ＇Yujinxiang＇ melon（Cucumis melo L.）,effects of treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene（1-MCP） combined with chitosan（CTS） coating or chitosan coating storage at 10 oC,70%~80%RH were evaluated in this study.The changes of endogenous hormones were analysis,incluing ethylene,abscisic acid（ABA）,indoleacetic acid（IAA）,gibberellic acid（GA3） and zeatin riboside（ZR）.The results showed as follows：both of CTS-coating alone and 1-MCP＋CTS-coating treatments retarded the fruit soften.What is more,the treatments reduced endogenous ABA and delayed the peak of ABA levels for 14 d.Compared with control,the treatments decreased IAA and maintained IAA at low level.1-MCP＋CTS-coating treatment was more effective than CTS to reduce the content of ABA.Furthermore,increases in levels of ethylene production rates and GA3 in the melon were prevented by the treatment.The level of IAA was remarkably declined by CTS-coating treatment.As a conclusion,CTS-coating or 1-MCP＋CTS-coating treatments decreased the level of ABA and maintained the IAA at low level.That might be associated with delaying senescent of the postharvest melon.

[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of storage temperature on quality and physiology of melon.[Method] Quality and physiology changes of Cucumis melo L.var Yujinxiang stored at 5,10 or 20 ℃ were detected in order to select the optical storage temprature.[Result] Firmness decreased progressively during storage.It was slowly decreases at 5 ℃ and this elucidated low temprature was beneficial to retarding the fruit firmness.TSS content of the fruit stored at low temperature(5 or 10 ℃) that was no different significantly decreased slower than that of storing at 20 ℃.Respiration rate decreased from 0 d to 4 d,and then increased to the peak value at 8 d.This results suggested 'yujinxing' melon was climacteric fruit.The respiration rate was inhibited by storing at low temperature.Ethylene production performed the same trend as respiration rate.Moreover weight loss and soluble pectin content increased during the storage time,but it was lower by storing at low temperature than that of storing at 20 ℃.The postharvest decay was serious expecially stored at 20 ℃,and it was normally happened after one week late.However,postharvest decay was aggravated by storing at 5 ℃ because it led to the melon chilling injury.So,the optium cold storage temperature of the melon was 10 ℃.[Conclusion] The research provides theoretical basis for the preservation of melon.

Taking 'Yujinxiang' melon as material,using 0,0.5,1 μL/L 1-MCP as treatment agent,the offect of different concentrations of 1-MCP on the quality and physiology of melon fruit during storage the optimum concentrations of 1-MCP treated on melon were selected.The results showed that comparing with control,1-MCP,especially 1 μL/L 1-MCP,retained fruit firmness,delayed TSS content decrease.This was beneficial for maintaining the melon flavour.Respiration rate and ethylene production were significantly inhibited by 1 μL/L 1-MCP.The peak of respiration and ethylene climacteric were delayed.This suggested that 1-MCP inhibited ethylene action to extend longevity of the melon.