Objective:To explore the teaching resources innovation and the teaching quality improvement for international students in clinical medicine based on the bilingual test question database of digitalized systematic anatomy.Methods:The test question database was set up and applied to Batch 2018 international students of clinical medicine (experiment group). The results of the usual test, final theory, and experimental examination of Batch 2017 international students (control group) were compared to verify the application value of the test question database. Questionnaires were used to get feedback from international students, and the feasibility of developing the test question database and the driving effect of teaching reform were further evaluated. SPSS 20.0 was used for data analysis, and the examination achievements of the two groups were compared with independent-samples t test and the measurement data were expressed by (mean ± standard deviation). Results:There was no significant difference between the two groups in the usual test results ( P>0.05), and in the experimental group, the results of final theory and experimental examination were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). According to the questionnaire, more than 89.55%(155) of the international students highly appraised the test question database in terms of learning resources, quality of questions, examination mode and experience evaluation, while only 52.02%(90) of them recognized the bilingual form of the test questions. Conclusion:The bilingual test question database of digital systematic anatomy has effectively expanded the teaching resources and promoted the teaching reform of international students.

目的 探讨高糖环境下B细胞趋化因子(BCA)-1对人脂肪间充质干细胞(hAdMSC)增殖和迁移的影响及其分子机制.方法 高糖培养基培养的hAdMSC分为高糖对照组、BCA-1组(浓度分别为25、50、75μmol/L)和细胞外信号调节激酶(Erk)抑制剂组.CCK8实验检测各组hAdMSC增殖的吸光度值(A值),Transwell实验检测各组hAdMSC迁移率,Western印迹或酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测各组hAdMSC的磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)、丝裂原活化蛋激酶(MAPK)或血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)蛋白表达.结果 细胞高糖环境下,25、50、75μmol/L BCA-1组hAdMSC的A值逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),hAdMSC的迁移率逐渐升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);BCA-1组hAdMSC的PI3K、MAPK、VEGF蛋白含量均随着BCA-1浓度的增加而高表达,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);与25、50、75μmol/L BCA-1组hAdMSC分别相比,相应各Erk抑制剂组hAdMSC的A值和迁移率均明显降低(均P<0.01),各Erk抑制剂组hAdMSC的PI3K、MAPK和VEGF蛋白表达均分别低于相应的BCA-1组hAdMSC,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05).结论 高糖环境下,BCA-1通过PI3K-Erk-MAPK信号通路,上调hAdMSC旁分泌VEGF蛋白,促进hAdMSC增殖和迁移.

Objective:To explore the effects of self-made bilingual anatomy micro-lecture on the comprehensive ability training of nursing students, such as autonomous learning, medical English and knowledge expression.Methods:The study group was set up, and the micro-lectures were independently completed by the students under the guidance of teachers. The nursing medical students of Batch 2017 and Batch 2018 were recruited as control group and experimental group, respectively. Micro-lectures were applied in experimental group teaching and students' autonomous learning. The effect of self-made micro-lectures on cultivating students' comprehensive ability was verified by comparing examination results and analyzing questionnaire. SPSS 20.0 was used to conduct t-test. Results:A total of 53 micro-lectures were produced. Compared with the control group, the final theoretical and experimental examination scores of the experimental group were significantly improved ( P < 0.05), and the excellence rate of study group members was 31.25% (10/32); the questionnaire results showed that the satisfaction rate in classroom teaching of using micro-lectures in the experimental group was 90.24%(74/82), and 85.37% (70/82) of the students wanted to participate in the production of micro-lectures; 100.00% (40/40) of the study group members thought that the production of micro-lectures promoted them to perform autonomous learning, more than 82.50%(33/40) of the students indicated that the knowledge expression was effectively trained, and 67.50%(27/40) of the members improved their medical English. Conclusion:The self-made bilingual micro-lectures of anatomy is an effective means to achieve the goal of comprehensive ability training for medical students majoring in nursing.

医学教育的持续发展与先进教育理念的融入进一步推动了课程整合成为我国高等医学教育改革的主要教学模式。然而，学科融合欠佳一直是影响教改成果的主要问题。为此，课题组应用贡献分析法探索了人体解剖学与药理学知识的潜在关联，并将结果转化于教学实践，受到了学生的一致认可。本研究成果为更好地促进学科间相互渗透与交叉，以及相关学科教学改革提供了实践思路与借鉴经验。

面对改革开放和社会主义市场经济的深入推进,如何在来华医学留学生这一新兴教育群体中开展课程思政教育,完成当前形势下国家在国际合作交流领域赋予高等医学教育的重要使命,已成为众多医学院校共同面对的问题.课题组以课堂教学、课外学习小组与网络学习平台为媒介,为留学生人体解剖学课程思政教育进行了创新探索与实践,对增强来华留学生认同社会主义核心价值观,培养友爱中华的国际医疗人才做出有效铺垫.

目的:探讨A549肺癌细胞对人骨髓间充质干细胞(hBMSCs)增殖和运动的影响.方法:以提取A549肺癌细胞和BEAS-2B正常人肺上皮细胞上清液制备条件培养基,培养的hBMSCs分别为A549组和BEAS-2B组;2组均添50 nmol/L趋化因子-8(CXCL-8),分别为A549 C组和BEAS-2B C组,若同时添加100 nmol/L triciribine(Akt抑制剂)分别为A549 CT组和BEAS-2B CT组;A549组加入100 nmol/L triciribine为A549 T组.正常条件下培养的hBMSCs为对照组.ELISA检测细胞上清液中CXCL-8含量和hBMSCs裂解液Akt、P-Akt蛋白的表达.MTT实验、流式细胞仪和transwell细胞小室实验分别检测各组hBMSCs吸光度值(A490值)、细胞凋亡率和细胞迁移数目.结果:与BEAS-2B上清液相比,A549上清液中CXCL-8含量明显升高.各组hBMSCs的A490值、细胞凋亡率、细胞迁移数目、Akt和P-Akt蛋白表达等均具有显著差异,尤以A549 C组hBMSCs最明显.与A549 C组相比,A549 CT组hBMSCs的A490值和细胞迁移数目、Akt和P-Akt蛋白表达均降低,细胞凋亡率升高较显著.结论:A549细胞表达的CXCL-8能激活Akt通路,促进hBMSCs增殖和运动.

目的 验证A549细胞对人骨髓间充质干细胞(hBMSC)增殖、凋亡的影响及其机制.方法 提取A549肺癌细胞和人正常肺上皮BEAS-2B细胞上清液,按1:4比例稀释为条件培养基(CM)培养hBMSCs为A549-CM组和BEAS-2B-CM组;正常培养的hBMSCs为对照组.利用MTT实验和Annexin V-PI细胞凋亡实验分别检测各组hBMSCs的增殖吸光度值(A值)和细胞凋亡率;ELISA实验分别检测各上清液中IL-8蛋白含量以及各组hBMSCs中Akt、p-Akt蛋白表达.结果 与对照组(0.97±0.19)和BEAS-2B-CM组(1.01±0.09)相比,A549-CM组hBMSCs的A值(1.79±0.13)明显升高,差异有统计学意义(F=125.930,P<0.01);A549-CM组细胞凋亡率均显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);A549-CM组Akt、p-Akt蛋白表达均增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).A549细胞上清液IL-8蛋白含量(18.16±2.23)μg/mL明显高于BEAS-2B-CM组上清液(10.07±1.55)μg/mL,差异有统计学意义(t=14.510,P<0.01).结论 A549细胞上清液高表达IL-8蛋白能够激活hBMSCs内Akt信号通路促进hBMSCs增殖,下调hBMSCs凋亡.

目的 探讨高糖环境下,B淋巴细胞化学引诱物-1(BCA-1)处理的主动脉平滑肌细胞(ASMC)对间充质干细胞(MSC)增殖和凋亡的影响,并分析其作用机制.方法 含30 mmol/L葡萄糖培养基为细胞高糖模型.正常环境培养的小鼠主动脉平滑肌细胞(mASMC)为正常对照组;细胞高糖环境下,mASMC分为高糖对照组,高糖BCA-1组和高糖PI3K抑制剂组.收集各组mASMC条件培养基(CM)培养小鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(mBMSC).mBMSC分为正常对照组,高糖对照组,高糖CM组、高糖BCA-1CM组和高糖PI3K抑制剂CM组.CCK-8、流式细胞术和Western blot分别检测各组mBMSC增殖吸光度值(A值)、凋亡率和Caspase-8蛋白表达;ELISA检测各组mASMC的Akt、p-Akt蛋白含量.结果 与其他组相比,高糖BCA-1CM组mBMSC增殖A值为(1.31±0.15),A值显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).相对于其他各组,高糖BCA-1CM组细胞凋亡率为26.78％,Caspase-8蛋白相对表达量为(0.42±0.04),数据均有明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);高糖PI3K抑制剂CM组mBMSC的各项检测指标呈相反变化.相对于高糖对照组,高糖BCA-1组mASMC的Akt、p-Akt蛋白含量分别为(11.85±0.18)μg/mL和(7.69±0.13)μg/mL,数据相比显著高表达,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);与高糖BCA-1组相比,高糖PI3K抑制剂组mASMC的Akt、p-Akt蛋白含量明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 高糖环境下,BCA-1激活mASMC内PI3K-Akt信号通路,上调mBMSC增殖,抑制mBMSC凋亡.

OBJECTIVES:To investigate the effect of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) on osteogenic/adipogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).METHODS:Osteogenic differentiation was detected by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and alizarin red staining (ARS). Adipogenic differentiation was detected by oil red O (ORO) staining. The expression of bone-related genes (Runx2, Osterix, OCN, ALP) and lipogenic genes (FABP4, PPAR, CEBP, LPL) was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time qPCR). The expression of p-Akt and Akt protein was detected by Western blot assay.RESULTS:ALP staining and ARS staining showed that the overexpression of NT-3 could promote the differentiation into osteoblasts, while knockdown of NT-3 could inhibit that. Real-time qPCR showed that the overexpression of NT-3 could increase the expression of osteoblast genes, while knockdown of NT-3 could inhibit that. ORO staining showed that the overexpression of NT-3 could inhibit the differentiation into adipogenesis, while knockdown of NT-3 can promote that. Real-time qPCR showed that the overexpression of NT-3 could reduce the expression of lipogenic genes. while knockdown NT-3 could increase that. In addition, the overexpression of NT-3 increased p-Akt/Akt levels significantly, while knockdown NT-3 reduced that significantly.CONCLUSION:NT-3 could promote the differentiation of mouse BMSCs into osteoblasts and inhibit their differentiation into adipogenesis.

目的 为了开发适合医学留学生教育特色的英文人体解剖学教学资源,对留学生人体解剖学网络学习现状进行调查.方法 采用问卷调查法对2016级—2017级临床医学专业228名留学生进行调查,收回有效答卷217份.结果 多数留学生利用网络自主学习人体解剖学知识(84.79％),互联网已成为留学生获取学习资源的主要途径;留学生对英文人体解剖学网络学习资源的需求较高(61.5％～84.33％),但获取学习资源的途径主要依赖境外医学网站(99.54％);留学生学习积极性较高,但教学时间有限,师生交流途径较少.结论 开发英文学习资源、建设人体解剖学全英文精品资源共享课可以有效地促进留学生自主学习,符合留学生人体解剖学教学可持续发展的需要.

随着国人生活水平的不断提高,糖尿病已成为我国乃至全球的主要健康问题.目前治疗糖尿病的方法较多,但是效果都不太理想.而间充质干细胞是具有多向分化潜能、免疫调控和自我复制等特点,可以促进血管形成、免疫调节、减轻纤维化等能力,为糖尿病患者提供了一种很有前景的治疗策略.

目的 探讨高糖环境下B淋巴细胞化学引诱物(BCA-1)对人脂肪间充质干细胞(hAdMSCs)增殖和迁移的影响及其分子机制.方法 在细胞高糖模型下,设立高糖对照组、高糖BCA-1组、高糖Erk抑制剂组;正常环境下为正常对照组.CCK8实验检测各组hAdMSCs增殖的吸光度值(A值),Transwell细胞迁移实验检测各组hAdMSCs的迁移率,酶联免疫(ELISA)方法检测各组hAdMSCs中PI3K、MAPK和VEGF蛋白的表达.结果 细胞高糖环境下,高糖BCA-1组hAdMSCs的A值、迁移率均升高,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);高糖BCA-1组hAdMSCs的PI3K、MAPK、VEGF蛋白含量高表达,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);与高糖BCA-1组hAdMSCs比较,高糖Erk抑制剂组hAdMSCs的A值和迁移率均明显降低,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01),高糖Erk抑制剂组hAdMSCs的PI3K、MAPK和VEGF蛋白表达均分别低于高糖BCA-1组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 高糖环境下,高糖BCA-1通过PI3K-Erk-MAPK信号通路,上调hAdMSCs旁分泌VEGF蛋白,促进hAdMSCs增殖和迁移.

教育现代化的进行在网络信息技术飞速发展的态势下呈现高速发展,资源建设作为教育信息化的核心则至关重要.Moodle平台是国内外应用最为广泛的一款免费、开源的课程管理系统,应用广泛,其中医学类微视频资源的建设可以让学生利用碎片化时间进行学习,减少授课教师的授课压力,应进行深入研究与建设.

目的 验证趋化因子-13(CXCL-13)通过激活PI3K-Akt信号通路对人骨髓间充质干细胞(hBMSC)迁移的影响.方法 无任何刺激的hBMSCs为对照组;80μmol/L CXCL-13刺激hBMSCs为CXCL-13组;hBMSCs先用25 nmol/L LY294002培养40 min,再添加80μmol/L CXCL-13为PI3K抑制剂组;hBMSCs先用50 nmol/L Triciribine培养30 min,再添加80μmol/L CXCL-13为Akt抑制剂组.细胞划痕实验和Transwell细胞迁移实验检测四组hBMSCs划痕面积闭合率和细胞迁移率;酶联免疫吸附试验检测四组人PI3K、Akt、P-Akt蛋白的表达.结果 CXCL-13组hBMSCs划痕面积闭合率和迁移率均高于对照组,PI3K抑制剂组和Akt抑制剂组hBMSCs划痕面积闭合率和迁移率均低于CXCL-13组(P<0.05或P<0.01);CXCL-13组人PI3K、Akt、P-Akt蛋白含量均高于对照组,PI3K抑制剂组和Akt抑制剂组人PI3K、Akt、P-Akt蛋白含量低于CXCL-13组(均P<0.01).结论 CXCL-13激活PI3K-Akt信号通路促进hBMSCs迁移.

In this study, electrospinning technology was used to make nano-biological fibers, which were printed on acellular dura mater, and chitosan sustained-release neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) was used to construct three-dimensional tissue scaffolds, namely composite nano-biological fiber dura mater. In this study, the effects of NT-3 on the proliferation and angiogenic ability of vascular endothelial cells were observed, and its possible mechanism was discussed. The results show that the composite nano-artificial dura mater biomaterial with a slow release of NT-3 can promote the proliferation and angiogenesis of endothelial cells, and it may play a role through the ERK pathway. This finding provides an experimental basis for composite nano-biological fibers to repair dura mater damage and is expected to become a new type of tissue engineering material.

在医学教育全球化和国家对外开放战略的影响下,培养国际化医疗卫生人才已成为我国高等医学教育改革的主要方向之一.面对人体解剖学教学存在的问题,齐齐哈尔医学院解剖学教研室在打造国际化师资团队、加强课程思政引导、建设国际化教学资源等方面为国际化应用型护理人才的培养做出了积极有效的探索.

Objective To explore the application effect of virtual experimental teaching combined with traditional experimental teaching in the experimental teaching of regional anatomy.Methods 200 students from grade 2015 and grade 2016 of clinical medicine in Qiqihar Medical College were selected as the research objects,and each grade was divided into control group and experimental group according to their grades.The control groups adopted the traditional experimental teaching and the experimental groups adopted the virtual experimental teaching combined with the traditional experimental teaching.The teaching effect of all groups were evaluated by regular quizzes (usual test) and digital specimen examination (final experimental exam).Results The scores of regular quizzes and digital specimen examination in each experimental group were significantly higher than those of the corresponding control group,the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions In the experimental teaching of regional anatomy,the application of virtual experiment teaching combined with the traditional experimental teaching method improves the students' academic performance and helps to improve the teaching effect.

改革开放以来,中国国际医学教育高速发展.目前,西医专业来华留学生在学历生人数占比中已超越各专业位列排名第一[1].因此,在医学教育全球化不断推进的背景下,如何建设具有我国特色的国际高等医学教育品牌,确保我国医学留学生教育可持续发展并与国际良好对接,是众多涉外医学教育工作者需要深入研究的课题[2].齐齐哈尔医学院自2007年开始招收临床医学专业留学生,现生源国数量已增至13个国家,留学生入学人数也由过去平均30人/年的规模升至50人/年,现在校留学生总数达400余人.

目的 探讨以静电纺丝技术制备的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物/-磷酸三钙(PLGA/-TCP)高分子材料与兔骨髓间充质干细胞(rBMSC)的生物相容性,并研究rBMSC在复合神经营养因子-3(NT-3)的PLGA/-TCP支架材料上的增殖与分化情况.方法 选取齐齐哈尔医学院解剖学研究室于2016年7月购买的兔骨髓间充质干细胞.在正常条件下,单独培养的rBMSC为对照组;将rBMSC种植在PLGA/-TCP支架材料上为PT组;以100 ng/mL重组NT-3蛋白刺激的PT组为NT-3/PT组,各组均行成骨诱导实验21 d.利用CCK-8实验于成骨诱导第2、7、14、21天检测各组rBMSC增殖情况;ELISA实验检测各组rBMSC的碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、骨形态发生蛋白-1(BMP-1)及核心结合因子a-1(Cbfa-1)等蛋白含量.结果 相对于PT组,NT-3/PT组的细胞增殖OD值在2 d(0.392±0.027)、7 d(0.594±0.024)、14 d(0.978±0.089)、21 d(1.124±0.045)均明显增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);NT-3/PT组的ALP、BMP-1及Cbfa-1等蛋白含量[(1.525±0.352),(1.678±0.102),(1.104±0.076)pg/mL]均高于PT组[(1.154±0.741),(1.321±0.131),(0.852±0.067)pg/mL],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 复合NT-3的PLGA/-TCP静电纺丝高分子材料有效促进MSC增殖和向成骨细胞分化.

目的 观察异甘草素对缺氧性肺动脉高压(HPH)大鼠模型的肺动脉压力的变化,右心室肥厚程度及肺血管结构重建的影响,探讨异甘草素对HPH的抑制作用及其可能机制.方法 雄性SD大鼠30只随机分为对照组、HPH组、异甘草素组,每组各10只.HPH组和异甘草素组大鼠置于缺氧箱中建立大鼠HPH模型.异甘草素组中,每只大鼠腹腔注射异甘草素剂量为10 mg/(kg·d),从缺氧前1周开始给药直到缺氧结束.对照组和HPH组大鼠腹腔注射等体积0.5％ DMSO.测定各组大鼠平均右心室压力(RVSP);称重法测得各组大鼠右心室游离壁(RV)及左心室加室间隔(LV+S)质量,以及RV/(LV+S);HE染色观察肺动脉病理形态改变,计算血管厚度百分比(WT％)及面积百分比(WA％);ELISA法检测各组大鼠血清及肺组织中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及丙二醛(MDA)的含量.Real-time PCR检测各组大鼠肺组织中的NADPH氧化酶4(NOX4) mRNA的表达.结果 HPH组大鼠RVSP、RV/LV+S、WT％,以及WA％明显高于对照组大鼠(P＜0.01),然而异甘草素组大鼠RVSP、RV/LV+S、WT％,以及WA％均明显低于HPH组大鼠(P＜0.01).HPH组大鼠肺组织及血清中的SOD含量较对照组明显降低,而MDA含量则明显增高(P＜0.01).异甘草素组大鼠肺组织及血清中的SOD含量较HPH组大鼠明显增高,而MDA含量则明显降低(P＜0.01).Real-time PCR结果显示,异甘草素有效抑制了低氧诱导的大鼠肺组织中NOX4 mRNA的高表达(P＜0.01).结论 异甘草素抑制由低氧诱导的HPH大鼠肺动脉压力升高、右心室肥厚,以及肺动脉管壁的增厚,可能与异甘草素抑制HPH大鼠体内的氧化损伤有关.