The morphing trailing-edge wing can adaptively change its shape according to the different flight conditions, improving cruising efficiency. The control of the morphing trailing edge is a high-dimensional variable and nonlinear problem, facing the difficulty of the high training cost and the difficulty in real-time continuous control. To overcome these difficulties, a novel adaptive control method based on the couple of Deep Supervision Net (DSN) and Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) is proposed to solve a control problem of the morphing trailing-edge wing. DSN uses distributed loads to improve aerodynamic prediction accuracy compared to the traditional surrogate models, while DRL conducts real-time control and improves the performance at non-design points compared to the traditional multi-design points optimization. After control, the lift-to-drag ratio at the start point can be increased by 1.36%, and can be increased by 2.61% at the end point tested on a commercial wide-body aircraft model.

目的 观察超声引导下针刀序贯疗法治疗肩周炎的临床效果.方法 选取 2021 年 8 月至 2022 年 9 月中国中医科学院望京医院就诊的 60例肩周炎患者,按随机数字表法分将其为治疗组和对照组,各 30例.治疗组采用超声引导-液压扩张-针刀松解-肩关节松动术,对照组采用超声引导-痛点封闭-肩关节松动术.两组疗程均为3周.比较两组治疗前(T1),末次治疗后(T2)及治疗后 2周(T3)视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分,T1、T3 时结节间沟积液厚度、盂下关节囊厚度及两组临床疗效.结果 两组不同时间点VAS、Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组T2～T3 时VAS评分低于同期对照组,Constant-Murley肩关节功能评分高于同期对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).T3 时两组结节间沟积液厚度及盂下关节囊厚度较T1 时均减小,且治疗组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).治疗组临床疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 超声引导下针刀序贯疗法治疗肩关节周围炎的临床效果好,可缓解疼痛及改善活动度.

为了在客机概念设计阶段对起降噪声进行预测,在客机总体分析框架下开发了一套噪声预测程序,其中各噪声源预测采用半经验预测方法,起降航迹性能计算采用质点模型,发动机性能计算采用部件级分析模型.基于该程序,预测了某一宽体客机飞机噪声水平,并研究了减推力起飞和大角度进近对降低飞机噪声的效果,结果表明客机减推力起飞可以有效地降低客机飞越噪声;大角度进近可以有效地降低客机进近噪声.

Aiming at the reliability allocation problem in the design of redundancy flight control computer system of a certain type of teletype aircraft, a reliability allocation method combining fault tree and cost function is proposed. Firstly, the logical relationship between system functional failure and underlying equipment failure is analyzed by using the fault tree, and the functional relationship between the top event and the probability of occurrence of the bottom events is established; then, the concept of cost function is introduced, and the quantitative relationship between the generalized cost and the reliability of underlying equipment is established by combining the complexity of the equipment, the technical difficulty, the working time, and the working environment; next, the probability of occurrence of the top event and the generalized cost are considered to construct the optimization strategy for the reliability allocation scheme in optimization space; finally, according to the optimization strategy, the allocation scheme is solved iteratively in the optimization space. The results show that the allocation method can minimize the corresponding cost introduced by the system reliability enhancement by fully considering various factors on the basis of meeting the system reliability requirements.

采用非定常DDES方法研究了缝翼滑轨系统的时均流动特性和瞬态流动特性,并进一步采用FW-H方法对其远场气动噪声特性进行了评估分析.计算结果表明:1)相比无轨无舱构型,有轨无舱构型在滑轨根部上方出现了流场强脉动区.有轨有舱构型则进一步在滑轨舱内和主翼上翼面出现了更大的流场强脉动区;2)滑轨周围出现了类似方柱绕流的弦向涡对结构,并沿着机翼弦向不断扩张,而后受到滑轨舱空腔壁面的限制和挤压,最终破碎为大量的小涡并耗散消失;3)在展向对称面上,无轨无舱构型接近于典型的偶极子噪声;有轨无舱构型也接近于偶极子噪声,其主轴方向稍沿顺时针转动;有轨有舱构型则表现出非对称性;4)在270°方位角,滑轨和滑轨舱带来的总声压级增量分别为7 dB左右和2 dB左右.

In order to compare and analyze the similarities and differences between normal droplet icing shapes and supercooled large droplet icing shapes, SADRI carried out normal droplet and supercooled large droplet icing wind tunnel tests in the NRC−AIWT icing wind tunnel. Taking the typical glaze ice in normal droplet icing conditions as the reference, the freezing drizzle and freezing rain icing tests under the supercooled large droplet conditions were carried out. The test results show that compared with normal droplets, the ice horn height of supercooled large droplets decreases with the increase in droplet particle size, and even the ice horn characteristics are not obvious when the icing condition is freezing rain. At the same time, the range and height of rough element ice shape after the main ice horn of supercooled large droplets are significantly larger and higher than those of the normal droplets, while the difference in the rough element in different supercooled large droplet icing conditions is small.

扶正补虚和辨证论治是肺养护推拿治疗的基本原则,"通鼻窍、利咽喉、宣肺气、排痰浊、宽胸胁、健脾运、固元气"七部手法,是推拿进行肺养护的基本手法,临床使用时须根据实际情况辨证使用,可选2～3个手法治疗,也可根据病情变化,采用多种手法组合治疗,操作时可打乱治法的顺序,按部位治疗,一般先头面,次上肢,然后是胸腹、腰背、下肢.通过七部推拿法加强膈肌运动,提高肺活量,增加有效肺泡通气量,减少残气量,改善肺功能.

目的 了解国内针刀治疗不良事件的现状,促进针刀治疗的标准化操作,从而提高针刀治疗的安全性.方法 采用回顾性期刊文献研究,检索CNKI期刊全文数据库、万方数据知识服务平台、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)、Embase的针刀治疗不良事件病例报道类文献,对使用的针刀类型、不良事件类型、相应病例数、原发疾病、不良事件原因等进行统计分析.结果 检出有效文献181篇,共1126例.针刀治疗不良事件主要发生部位在腰臀部、膝部、颈部及手指部位,不良事件主要包括疼痛、皮下出血或血肿、晕针刀、神经损伤等,也包括脊髓损伤、内脏损伤甚至死亡等严重不良事件.结论 针刀治疗在关键的解剖位置和复杂疾病时的安全性尚待提高,针刀治疗标准化是提高其安全性的重要途径,相关工作亟待开展.

附面层边缘通常取在速度达到主流速度0.99倍的位置,而复杂流场中主流流动往往并不均匀,给附面层边缘的准确识别造成了困难.为解决此问题,提出了用“参考主流”代替实际主流识别附面层边缘的方法:通过零剪切力滑移壁面边界条件下数值模拟得到不受附面层干扰的参考主流,在根据附面层定义确定附面层边缘时以该参考主流中的速度代替实际的主流速度.通过斜楔压缩和弯曲压缩两个超声速压缩流场对该识别方法进行了验证,所得到的斜楔压缩出口截面上附面层厚度与采用实际主流速度判断得到的厚度相对误差仅4.1％.根据该方法的识别结果对弯曲压缩型面设计进行附面层修正后,弯曲激波高度与无黏设计值之间的误差从修正前的2.0％降低至0.3％,压缩面末端压力的相对误差从修正前的6.6％降低至2.3％.该方法避免了指定主流速度的主观性,识别结果较为准确.

Objective: Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are efficacious against ulcerative colitis (UC). In recent years, the number of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of TCM has increased. Thus, it is very important to summarize the basic characteristics, quality, and types of TCM interventions in published RCTs. This scoping review was performed to systematically identify and describe the current situations about RCTs of TCMs for treating UC. Hope to express the focus and specifics of nowadays research in TCM interventions in RCTs and evaluate their common disadvantages exposed to help advance in TCM researching. Materials and Methods: A scoping review was conducted according to the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews. We searched two English databases and four Chinese databases from the date of establishment of each database to January 2020. Data from RCTs focusing on any TCM treatment for patients with UC were extracted and evaluated. Selection and characterization were performed by two independent reviewers using predefined forms. All discrepancies were resolved by consensus discussion with a third reviewer. Microsoft Excel 2010 was used to extract the following data from the included studies: (1) basic information of the included studies including research ID, article title, publication language, journal, year of publication, and funding information; (2) patient information including gender, age, disease course, disease stage, severity, sample size; and (3) information on intervention measures, types of intervention measures, drug dosage forms, and treatment courses. Results: The search identified 2225 RCTs published between 1987 and 2020. These studies covered 36 provinces in China. The time frame of the RCTs was <28 days in approximately one-third of the RCTs (647, 29.08%). Only one RCT was published in English. Nearly three-quarters of RCTs (1665, 74.83%) did not report the severity of the disease. Three types of interventions were included in the RCTs: pharmacotherapy (2028, 91.15%), nonpharmacotherapy (57, 2.56%), and a combination of the two (140, 6.29%). The administration modes of the intervention groups were evaluated. Drug therapy involved 12 types of TCM dosage forms, which were decoctions, troches, powders, capsules, granules, pills, suppositories, ointments, injections, gels, oral liquids, and substitute tea according to the frequency of use. Nondrug intervention measures involved 10 treatment options, namely, acupuncture, moxibustion, hemospasia, auricular point, acupoint catgut embedding, acupoint injection, scrapping, tuina, acupoint application, and five-tone therapy according to the frequency of use. Most studies included in this review were low in quality. This underscores the need for improvement in the quality of trial methodology in TCM RCTs.

Background Nutrient composition of vegetarian diets is greatly different from that of omnivore diets, which may fundamentally influence the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites. The interactions between diet pattern and gut environment need further illustration. This study aims to compare the difference in the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites between vegetarian and omnivore female adults and explore associations between dietary choices/duration and gut environment changes. Methods In this study, investigations on the fecal metabolome together with the gut microbiome were performed to describe potential interactions with quantitative functional annotation. In order to eliminate the differences brought by factors of gender and living environment, 80 female adults aged 20 to 48 were recruited in the universities in Beijing, China. Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were applied to screen differential data between groups from gut microbiota and fecal metabolites. Furthermore, weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was employed as the bioinformatics analysis tool for describing the correlations between gut microbiota and fecal metabolites. Moreover, participants were further subdivided by the vegetarian diet duration for analysis. Results GPCR-mediated integration of enteroendocrine signaling was predicted to be one of the regulatory mechanisms of the vegetarian diet. Intriguingly, changes in the gut environment which occurred along with the vegetarian diet showed attenuated trend as the duration increased. A similar trend of returning to “baseline” after a 10-year vegetarian diet was detected in both gut microbiota and fecal metabolome. Conclusions The vegetarian diet is beneficial more than harmful to women. Gut microbiota play roles in the ability of the human body to adapt to external changes.

胸主动脉病变(如Stanford B型主动脉夹层、主动脉瘤、主动脉穿透性溃疡)为极其凶险疾病,对患者生命造成严重危害[1-2].传统主动脉人工血管置换方法具有较高死亡率和并发症发生率[3].目前腔内修复胸主动脉(thoracic endovascular aortic repair,TEVAR)已成为治疗胸主动脉病变的主要术式,但用于治疗累及弓上动脉、升主动脉及锚定区不足病变时仍面临挑战.本研究观察TEVAR术中应用血管腔内穿刺系统辅助原位开窗技术的效果.

为了研究民用飞机进气道在起飞低速大迎角状态下的流场特征和性能,对设计马赫数为0.785的进气道进行了风洞实验和数值计算,来流马赫数为0.2,迎角变化为0°～25°,流量系数为0.29～2.07.研究结果表明:在起飞工况条件下,进气道正常工作迎角可达到25°;在起飞单发失效工况条件下,进气道外罩上流动分离迎角在13°～16°;在大迎角工作条件下内流未产生分离时,出口气流畸变受发动机流量变化影响较小.通过研究结果分析了进气道在低速大迎角状态下的流场特征及其随迎角、流量的变化规律.数值计算和风洞实验结果的对比表明,在没有流动分离时两者基本一致;但是对于外流分离迎角的预测,两者有3.差异,表明风洞实验依然是考核进气道性能的必要手段.

目的 观察Rotarex经皮机械血栓清除术(PMT)联合药物涂层球囊(DCB)治疗股胭动脉支架内再狭窄的效果.方法 回顾性分析26例接受Rotarex PMT联合DCB治疗的股胭动脉支架内再狭窄患者,评价治疗效果,统计并发症.结果 26例手术均成功,随访期间无死亡或截肢,围手术期不良反应发生率为7.69％(2/26).术后1周Rutherford临床分级较术前降低(P=0.012).术后3、6、12个月踝肱指数(ABI)、间歇性跛行均较术前明显改善(P均＜0.05).术后6、12个月靶血管一期通畅率分别为96.15％(25/26)、84.62％(22/26),12个月免于靶血管血运重建(f-TLR)率为88.46％(23/26).结论 Rotarex PMT联合DCB治疗股胭动脉支架内再狭窄安全、有效.

目的 调查北京中医药大学高水平运动员就业现状及心理状态,为今后高校高水平运动员的教学和培养提供依据.方法 采用横断面研究设计,对北京中医药大学已毕业高水平运动员进行问卷调查.收集研究对象基本信息、就业相关信息及心理状态信息.结果 运动员就业形势严峻,在读期间从事体育项目对学生的学习、就业起到了积极的作用,被调查研究对象焦虑、抑郁发生率略高于相关研究.结论 高校应引导运动员树立正确的就业观,同时在心理层面进行辅导;政府可以从宏观层面调控就业大环境,提供利于高水平运动员发展的就业氛围;运动员也应尽早明确就业目标,提高专业技能和综合素质以适应社会环境.

目的 探讨维持性血液透析(MHD)患者血清骨唾液酸蛋白(BSP)、骨硬化蛋白(SOST)及Ca2+水平与腹主动脉钙化的关系.方法 选取2018年6月至2020年3月在本院血液净化中心规律行MHD治疗的患者70例,透析时间3个月以上;采用腹部侧位X线片来评估患者腹主血管钙化情况,计算腹主动脉钙化评分(AACs),并根据AACs评分将MHD患者分为无/轻度钙化组(AACs≤4分)和中重度钙化组(AACs>4分);所有病例透析前检测血红蛋白、白蛋白、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、糖化血红蛋白、血脂、Ca2+、磷、骨唾液酸蛋白(BSP)、骨硬化蛋白(SOST)水平.结果 70例MHD患者中,无/轻度钙化组28例(40.00％),中重度钙化组42例(60.00％);无/轻度钙化组和中重度钙化组年龄、透析龄、Ca2+、磷、BSP、SOST比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关性分析显示,AACs与年龄、透析龄、Ca2+、磷、BSP及SOST均呈显著正相关(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析提示,透析龄长(OR=1.204,95％CI:1.086～1.336),BSP水平升高(OR=1.445,95％CI:1.073～1.946)及SOST水平升高(OR=2.252,95％CI:1.353～3.749)是MHD患者腹主动脉中重度钙化的独立危险因素(P<0.05).结论 MHD患者多伴有腹主动脉钙化,透析龄长以及BSP、SOST水平增加是MHD患者腹主动脉中重度钙化的独立危险因素.

作为下一代大型民用飞机最具发展潜力的机型之一,翼身融合布局民机一直以来备受关注;而其非圆截面机身结构承载效率低和稳定性差等问题曾成为制约该机型发展的主要结构设计难题,由波音公司和NASA共同提出的基于PRSEUS的中央机体结构为解决这一难题提供了技术途径.为了深入研究翼身融合布局民机中央机体结构的承载特性、非线性分析方法及其优化策略,本文针对基于PRSEUS的HWB中央机体结构,依据其几何设计要求和复杂载荷特征,建立了高保真有限元模型及其边界、载荷施加方式;依据典型载荷工况,开展了HWB中央机体结构非线性分析;最后,利用多岛遗传优化算法,对HWB中央机体结构进行了方案优化设计.对比已有文献,结果表明:HWB中央机体结构非线性分析方法具有较好的变形分布预测能力;所提出的方案优化设计策略具有一定的工程应用价值.

Background Ulcerative colitis, characterized by diarrhea, bloody stools and abdominal pain, is a chronic, idiopathic inflammatory disease of the colonic mucosa. In recent years, the incidence of ulcerative colitis presents an increasing trend year by year. Acupuncture, as a potential effective treatment for ulcerative colitis, is widely used in clinical practice. Methods We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Chinese CBM Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese VIP Information, and Wanfang Database from the date of the establishment of each database up to March, 2019. We included randomized controlled clinical trials (RCT) comparing acupuncture versus conventional conventional medicine or comparing acupuncture combined with conventional medicine versus conventional medicine in participants with ulcerative colitis. Two authors screened all references, assessed the risk of bias and extracted data independently. We summarized data using risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for binary outcomes. We performed meta-analyses using random effects model. We assessed overall quality of evidence using GRADE. Results We included 13 RCTs (1030 participants, 515 in the acupuncture group and 515 in the control group). Only one study tested head acupuncture, and the other 12 tested body acupuncture. The treatment duration ranged from 14 to 60 days. Seven trials compared acupuncture alone versus conventional medicine, and six compared acupuncture combined with conventional medicine versus conventional medicine. Acupuncture combined with mesalazine showed better clinical effect (improved clinical symptoms, colonoscopy results and stool examination results) (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.41; 232 participants; 4 trials; low quality evidence) and better colonoscopy curative effect (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.71; 108 participants; 2 trials; moderate quality evidence) compared to mesalazine. Acupuncture showed better clinical effect compared to the combination of metronidazole and sulfasalazine (RR 1.21, 95%CI 1.10, 1.34; 318 participants; 3 trials; moderate quality evidence). There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between groups. Conclusions Both acupuncture alone and acupuncture combined with conventional medicine may be effective in treating ulcerative colitis compared to conventional medicine. Our findings must be interpreted with caution due to high or unclear risk of bias of the included trials.

目的:本次调查旨在探究素食对女性体质及月经有无影响.方法:本次研究采用横断面研究设计对健康成年女性进行问卷调查,收集研究对象的生活方式相关基本信息和体质、月经的基本信息,研究数据应用SPSS22.0软件进行统计分析.结果:通过将素食组与普食组比较,发现:①各饮食类型之间体质类型差异无统计学意义,但本次研究发现素食组中平和质比重多于普食组,且素食时间越长,平和质所占比例越多;②素食组睡眠质量优于普食组(P＜0.05);③素食不影响机体气血的生化,素食组月经量正常比例较普食组更大(P＜0.05).结论:素食对于维持人体体质平和有积极的作用,素食不会导致机体虚弱.

目的 基于数据挖掘技术分析推拿手法在肺康复中的选穴配伍规律.方法 检索中国知网、万方、维普网从建库以来至2020年3月1日以推拿手法为主在肺康复中应用的文献,并通过中医传承辅助系统V2.5,确定推拿处方中穴位的使用频次、穴位之间的关联规则及形成的新处方等.结果 最终纳入文献17篇,有效处方22首,其中穴位归经主要集中在任脉、足太阳膀胱经、手太阴肺经、督脉、足阳明胃经;使用高频次穴位为肺俞、肾俞、定喘等;高频次穴位配伍为肺俞-肾俞、肺俞-定喘等;核心组合有阴谷-定喘-天突、阴谷-定喘-膈俞等;形成新处方包括阴谷、定喘、天突、太溪、肺俞、膈俞等穴位.结论 基于数据挖掘技术分析认为推拿手法在肺康复中整体治则以扶正、改善肺功能为主,为新型冠状病毒肺炎恢复期患者的早期肺康复提供了冶疗思路.