BackgroundGait analysis is a crucial tool for evaluating human motor function, with its applications expanding across clinical and health-monitoring domains. The growth of the aging global population and an increasing emphasis on sports health have positioned gait abnormalities as significant biomarkers for assessing fall risk and neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease. Compared with conventional optical systems, inertial measurement units (IMUs) provide a high-precision, cost-effective, and portable alternative, thereby facilitating the practical capture of gait data in real-world contexts.ObjectiveThis review aims to deliver a comprehensive guide for selecting the most suitable IMU-based gait analysis methodologies, tailored to various application scenarios. Unlike existing reviews, which primarily focus on specific algorithms or populations, this study uniquely synthesizes current IMU-based methods from a sensor-placement perspective. Furthermore, we propose a practical decision framework to guide researchers and clinicians in selecting the optimal sensor locations and algorithms tailored to specific application scenarios and computational constraints.MethodA systematic search was conducted across the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from January 2019 to December 2025 using relevant English and Chinese keywords related to IMUs and gait analysis. To ensure methodological completeness in this mature field, foundational studies published before 2019 were additionally included through targeted supplementary retrieval. The retrieved studies underwent a systematic review.Results and conclusionsThis paper provides a comprehensive comparison of IMU-based gait analysis methods across various sensor placements on the body (e.g., foot, leg, chest). The findings reveal substantial differences in algorithm complexity, accuracy, and suitability across distinct populations and scenarios. This study establishes an evidence-based framework for identifying optimal gait analysis solutions to address diverse application needs.

As the “second genome” of the human body, the intestinal microbiota plays a key role in preventing the onset and progression of obesity, metabolic disorders, and inflammatory diseases by modulating immune function, maintaining metabolic homeostasis, and reinforcing mucosal barrier integrity. This review systematically investigates the biological and physiological mechanisms underlying the interaction between exercise and the gut microbiota in disease prevention. Existing evidence suggests that exercise, as a non-pharmacological intervention, can prevent and manage obesity, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases by reshaping the composition and function of the gut microbiota, suppressing oxidative stress, reducing inflammatory markers, and maintaining intestinal mucosal barrier homeostasis. Current evidence has begun to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which the gut microbiota mediates disease prevention and progression under varying exercise intensities, modalities, and durations. However, the structural and functional changes of the gut microbiota induced by different exercise doses remain insufficiently characterized, limiting the ability to establish clear exercise-dose relationships for disease prevention. This article systematically reviews the fundamental characteristics of the gut microbiota and the physiological mechanisms underlying exercise intervention in disease prevention through the microbiota, with a focus on exploring the interaction network among the microbiota, exercise, and disease states. Although exercise-induced regulation of the gut microbiota and its metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan metabolites, and bile acids, has demonstrated adaptive and regulatory advantages in disease prevention, the specific effects of exercise-driven changes in the microbiota on various diseases still require extensive experimental validation. In the future, greater attention should be given to the differential effects of varying exercise doses on individual gut microbiota profiles, as well as the long-term impact of exercise-modulated gut microbiota on disease outcomes. On this basis, novel therapeutic strategies should be proposed to promote the enrichment of exercise-responsive microbial populations and harness the protective potential of the gut microbiota for disease prevention.

Background:University students' emotional regulation abilities are crucial to their mental health. Existing research suggests that urban and rural backgrounds may be associated with emotional regulation among freshmen; however, the underlying mechanisms of this association remain unclear. Drawing on resource conservation theory and the bio-psycho-social model, this study examines whether psychological and social fitness exert statistical indirect effects on the relationship between urban-rural differences and emotional regulation. Methods:A cross-sectional design was employed to conduct a questionnaire survey of 6,718 first-year students at a comprehensive university. The measurement instruments included the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Emotion Regulation Difficulty Scale, and the Health Adaptation Scale. Control variables included gender, age, single-parent family status, and experience as a left-behind child. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed to conduct a multiple mediation analysis, and the Bootstrap method was used to test statistical indirect effects, with a focus on the statistical indirect effects of psychological and social fitness. As this study employed a cross-sectional design with a sample drawn from a single university, the statistical indirect effects revealed reflect only statistical associations between variables and do not allow for inferences of causal relationships. Results:Rural freshmen exhibited significantly greater difficulties in emotional regulation than their urban counterparts, and both psychological and social fitness were significantly lower. Physical fitness was also significantly lower among rural freshmen. Physical, psychological, and social fitness all exhibited significant statistical indirect effects on the urban-rural differences and the three emotional regulation indicators. Multiple mediation analyses revealed that psychological adaptability had the strongest statistical indirect association with difficulties in emotional regulation; social fitness had relatively stronger statistical indirect associations with cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression; physical fitness showed statistically significant but comparatively smaller indirect effects. The results remained robust after controlling for single-parent family status and experience as a left-behind child. The effect sizes of urban-rural differences across variables ranged from 0.05 to 0.24, falling within the small-effect range; statistical significance should not be equated with practical significance, and urban-rural background itself has limited explanatory power for differences in emotional regulation. Conclusion:Within the scope of this study, the association between urban-rural disparities and emotional regulation can be explained by the statistical indirect effects of physical, psychological, and social fitness, which serve as the three primary statistical indirect effect pathways. The study indicates that the association between urban-rural differences and emotional regulation is statistically mediated by individuals' physical, psychological, and social competence resources, providing preliminary exploratory targets for mental health interventions in higher education institutions. However, given the cross-sectional nature of the study, these conclusions require further validation through longitudinal research.

Background:With the global population aging, the burden of health issues has shifted from infectious diseases to chronic diseases. Research indicates a significant link between exposure to famine in early life and chronic diseases. However, evidence regarding the relationships among early-life famine exposure, social activities, and chronic disease comorbidities is lacking. Objectives:We aimed to systematically assess how early-life famine exposure influences the risk of chronic disease comorbidities in later adulthood and how social activities modulate this risk. Methods:In this nationwide study, we utilized data from the fourth wave of the CHARLS conducted in 2018. We included 6,641 participants and categorized them into five groups based on birth dates. We used the LCA model to reclassify the 14 chronic diseases from the CHARLS survey as the main outcome indicators. We employed stepwise logistic regression to examine the link between early-life famine exposure and the subsequent risk of chronic disease comorbidity in adulthood, presenting the findings as ORs and 95% CIs. We conducted subgroup analyses according to baseline characteristics to examine the robustness and potential differences in outcomes for chronic disease comorbidity. We evaluated the interaction between famine exposure and social engagement on both additive and multiplicative scales using generalized linear models (GLM). Results:The prevalence of chronic disease comorbidity patterns between 1.3% (cancer-related disease) and 19.9% (cardiovascular disease comorbidity). Those who experience famine in early life face a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease comorbidity in late adulthood, with an OR (95% CI) of 1.42 (1.12 to 1.80), urinary system disease with an OR (95% CI) of 1.87 (1.05 to 3.34), and multimorbidity with an OR (95% CI) of 1.39 (1.07 to 1.79) compared to those who did not experience such conditions. Participating in social activities can lower the risk of metabolic disease comorbidities in late adulthood for infants who experienced famine, with an (OR [95% CI] of 0.64 [0.43 to 0.97]). There was an interactive effect on the additive (OR [95% CI] of -0.42 [-2.52 to -0.32], P < 0.01) and multiplicative (P = 0.001) effect between infants with famine exposure and social activity. Conclusion:Experiencing famine in early life is associated with a heightened risk of chronic disease comorbidities in later adulthood, a relationship modulated by participation in social activities. Social activities and early life exposure to famine have an interactive effect on chronic disease comorbidities in later adulthood.

BackgroundOver the past few decades, China has experienced significant demographic and epidemiological changes. The sharp decline in fertility and mortality rates has accelerated population aging, contributing to an increase in the prevalence of chronic diseases. The nutritional condition during early life is associated with the onset of chronic illnesses later in adulthood. However, it remains unclear whether this association also increases the risk of multimorbidity in later adulthood.ObjectivesThis study aimed to systematically evaluate the association between early-life famine exposure and the subsequent development of 14 chronic diseases, as well as multimorbidity, and whether there exists a discrepancy in gender, residence, and famine severity.MethodsData are from the 2018 Wave 4 CHARLS database, a national survey covering 19,816 participants aged 45 years or older. Drawing from our past research on famine in China, we incorporated 3,867 participants, categorizing them into three groups based on their birth years. Considering that climate conditions and population density can influence the intensity of famine, we characterize its severity by establishing a threshold of 50% excess death rate. The 14 chronic diseases assessed by CHARLS were used as the main outcome indicator, with multimorbidity as a secondary outcome indicator. We conducted a stepwise logistic regression analysis to investigate the impact of exposure to famine in early life affects the development of chronic diseases in adulthood, presenting the findings as ORs and 95% CIs. Additionally, we assess multiple moderating factors such as gender, residence, and famine severity to evaluate the outcomes.ResultsOf the 3,867 participants included, the prevalence of each chronic disease ranged from 1.1% (Psychiatric disease) to 10.7% (Hypertension). Overall, 27.0% of participants reported being affected by at least one chronic disease, while 9.6% indicated they had suffered from two or more chronic conditions. Early-life exposure to famine makes it more likely to develop diabetes in later adulthood OR (95% CI) of 1.85 (1.26 to2.72), stroke OR (95% CI) of 1.96 (1.17 to 3.29), kidney disease OR (95% CI) of 1.91 (1.07 to 3.40), and multimorbidity OR (95% CI) of 1.39 (1.08 to 1.80), compared to those who did not face such conditions. The moderating effects analysis revealed that less severe famine exposure during toddlerhood was associated with an increased risk of multimorbidity in adulthood OR (95% CI) of 1.43 (1.01 to 2.03). Males exposed to famine during toddlerhood had a higher risk of multimorbidity in adulthood OR (95% CI) of 2.26 (1.29 to 3.98). Compared to the unexposed group, rural residents who experienced famine exposure in their early life are at a higher risk of developing multimorbidity by about 1.5 times in adulthood.ConclusionExperiencing famine in early childhood increases susceptibility to developing chronic diseases in later adulthood, with the risk of diabetes, stroke, and kidney disease nearly doubling. The association of multimorbidity in later adulthood varies according to the severity of the famine, gender, and residential area.

Background Studies have confirmed that executive function in overweight and obese children is closely related to obesity and may have a bidirectional association. Aerobic exercise, as an effective intervention, can effectively promote their brain development and cognitive function, especially executive function, but the quantitative relationship of the improvement effect still needs to be further explored. Objective To systematically evaluate the intervention effect of aerobic exercise on executive function-related indexes in overweight and obese children. Methods Randomized controlled trials of aerobic exercise interventions for executive function in overweight and obese children were searched in CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases, and the timeframe for searching was from the establishment of each database to July 2023. The quality of the included literature was assessed according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool, and Meta-analysis of outcome indicators was performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 15.0 software. Results Nine randomized controlled trials, including 940 overweight and obese children, were finally included. The results of Meta-analysis showed that a single session of aerobic exercise intervention was effective in improving the executive function of overweight and obese children (WMD=-6.98, 95%CI=-11.89 to -2.07, P=0.005). Subgroup analyses showed no significant differences in the improvement of any of the executive function subcomponents in overweight and obese children with a single intervention duration of less than 30 minutes of aerobic exercise (WMD=-0.84, 95%CI=-9.37 to 7.68, P=0.85) ; aerobic exercise with a single intervention duration longer than 30 minutes improved inhibitory function in overweight and obese children (WMD=-10.50, 95%CI=-19.15 to -1.85, P=0.02). When a long-term exercise intervention was carried out (the intervention period was 8 weeks), in contrast to the control group, the aerobic exercise improved interference control in overweight and obese children (WMD=-0.16, 95%CI=-0.18 to -0.14, P<0.000 01), on planning (WMD=4.20, 95%CI=-8.34 to 16.73, P=0.51), attention (WMD=0.41, 95%CI=-12.08 to 12.91, P=0.95), synchronization (WMD=3.93, 95%CI=-8.22 to 16.08, P=0.53), and continuity (WMD=2.48, 95%CI=-9.18 to 14.14, P=0.68) were not significantly improved. Conclusion Aerobic exercise for a single long period of time had a selective positive effect on executive function subcomponents in overweight and obese children, and aerobic exercise for a long period of time with a fixed frequency and duration improved interference control in overweight and obese children, but did not produce an improvement in planning, attention, synchronization, or continuity.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to explore the physical literacy characteristics and influencing factors of 8-12 year old children and adolescents from the Han and Tibetan ethnic groups in China, providing new ideas and perspectives for the construction of a physical literacy assessment system for different altitudes children and adolescents, and providing scientific reference for the formulation and implementation of relevant policies. Methods A cluster sampling method was adopted in Lhasa City of Xizang Autonomous Region and Taiyuan City of Shanxi Province. 450 children and adolescents aged 8-12 years were selected from each area as the research subjects. The second edition of the Canadian Physical Literacy Assessment System is used to test the physical literacy level of Han and Tibetan children aged 8-12. Independent sample t-test and analysis of variance were used for difference testing, Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between different dimensions and physical literacy level, as well as the relationship between each dimension. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to explore the interaction effects. Result 1) The total physical literacy score of Han and Tibetan children and adolescents aged 8-12 is only 53.82 ± 6.90, with primary and developmental levels accounting for 97.31%. The overall level of physical literacy is relatively low; The physical literacy scores of Tibetan and Han children and adolescents are similar, and there is no difference. However, in terms of Physical Competnce, Tibetan girls have a higher level of Physical Competnce than Han girls (p=0.030). In terms of daily behavior, Tibetan children and adolescents are significantly better than Han children and adolescents (p=0.010 for boys and p=0.002 for girls); In terms of knowledge and understanding, Han children and adolescents are significantly higher than Tibetan children and adolescents (p<. 001 for males and p<. 001 for females). 2) There are gender and age differences in the physical literacy level of children and adolescents aged 8-12 (p<0.001 * *); There is an interactive effect between gender and age on the level of physical literacy, but the effect value is relatively small. 3) There is a correlation between each dimension and the total score of physical literacy, with daily behavior having the highest correlation with the total score of physical literacy (r=0.662, p<0.001). Conclusion: The overall physical literacy level of Han Tibetan children and adolescents aged 8-12 is not high, and there are regional, gender, and age differences. It is urgent to develop a scientific and effective evaluation system for the physical literacy of different altitudes adolescents as soon as possible, taking into account the educational background, physical and mental characteristics of adolescents, and the current physical activity situation in China.

It is highly attractive to develop a photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing platform based on a non-noble-metal nano array architecture. In this paper, a PEC hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) biosensor based on Ni/WS2/WC heterostructures was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal synthesis method and melamine carbonization process. The morphology, structural and composition and light absorption properties of the Ni/WS2/WC catalyst were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV–visible spectrophotometer. The average size of the Ni/WS2/WC nanosheets was about 200 nm. Additionally, the electrochemical properties toward H2O2 were studied using an electrochemical workstation. Benefiting from the Ni and C atoms, the optimized Ni/WS2/WC catalyst showed superior H2O2 sensing performance and a large photocurrent response. It was found that the detection sensitivity of the Ni/WS2/WC catalyst was 25.7 μA/cm2/mM, and the detection limit was 0.3 mmol/L in the linear range of 1−10 mM. Simultaneously, the synthesized Ni/WS2/WC electrode displayed excellent electrocatalytic properties in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), with a relatively small overpotential of 126 mV at 10 mA/cm2 in 0.5 M H2SO4. This novel Ni/WS2/WC electrode may provide new insights into preparing other efficient hybrid photoelectrodes for PEC applications.

Background:Physical literacy and enjoyment are important factors that affect physical activity.Purpose:This work studies whether physical activity enjoyment (PAE) mediates the association between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and physical literacy (PL) among college students.Methods:Chinese college students were recruited using the Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument Scale (PPLI-SC), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF), and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. The SPSS Hayes process macro (model 4) was used to analyze the direct impact and the indirect impact. Pearson correlation, independent sample t-tests, and linear regression were used to analyze the relationship between indicators.Results:The study surveyed 587 boys and 1,393 girls with a total of 1,980 valid questionnaires. MVPA, PAE, and PL of boys were significantly higher than girls (p < 0.01). The correlation analysis showed that MVPA, PL, and PAE were significantly correlated (p < 0.01). The results showed the direct effect of PL on MVPA was still statistically significant (β = 0.067, p < 0.05) after adding PAE variables; PAE has a positive effect on MVPA after controlling PL (β = 0.170, p < 0. 01). PL has a positive effect on PAE (β = 0.750, p < 0.01). PL impacted MVPA as explained by a 65.58% mediating effect of enjoyment.Conclusion:Physical activity enjoyment mediates the relationship between PL and MVPA among college students. This means that even high PL among student may not imply that they are physically active if they do not enjoy physical activity.

调查显示肌少症是一种极为常见的增龄性疾病,在临床发现该疾病并发症多、对老年患者生活造成的负面影响较大,因此对肌少症进行科学有效地治疗已成为亟待解决的重要老年医学问题.但目前学术界对于该病症的治疗众说纷纭,尚未提出统一的系统医疗措施.本文通过对老年人肌少症干预的药物疗法、营养疗法、运动疗法进行系统综述,阐明各疗法对肌少症产生治疗效果的生理机制与作用,并为该病症今后的治疗方法提出建议,从而为肌少症的防治提供理论依据.

目的 探讨青少年家庭背景及父母支持情况与青少年体力活动及动作能力之间的关系,为中国儿童青少年的健康促进提供相应的理论依据.方法 2019年11-12月选取山西省某初中12～14岁140名初中生为研究对象,采用Acti-Graph GT3X+型号加速度计记录研究对象连续7d的体力活动,采用儿童青少年家庭支持量表(ACTS-CN)评估家长对孩子活动行为的支持与态度,采用加拿大敏捷和动作能力评估测试(CAMSA)评价青少年的动作能力发展状况.结果 男女生每天参与中高强度体力活动(MVPA)的时间分别为(40.57±13.54)和(31.65±9.98) min,差异有统计学意义(t=4.44,P＜0.05);动作能力测试中,男女生的平均技能得分分别为(10.8±1.9)和(10.1±1.9),完成时间分别为(17.7±2.8)和(19.1±2.5)s;多元线性回归分析结果表明,母亲学历、家庭月收入、母亲关注孩子锻炼情况和父亲支持参加俱乐部均与青少年MVPA相关(B值分别为-0.28,-0.16,-0.16,0.18,P值均＜0.05).父、母提供锻炼场所与动作能力得分呈正相关(r值分别为0.17,0.17,P值均＜0.05).结论 受教育水平越高的父母对孩子体力活动参与度有着更积极的影响.父母的陪伴能够在一定程度上促进青少年体力活动水平的提高.父母提供的支持性环境,能够对青少年的动作能力水平产生积极影响.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, college students’ health-related physical activity and physical literacy aroused widespread concern. This study evaluated the relationship among physical literacy (PL), sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); we further explored whether LAP and SB mediated the association between PL and MVPA. Methods: This study was based on a cross-sectional survey of Chinese college students. The Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument Scale (PPLI-SC) and International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) were used to investigate the PL, MVPA, LPA, and SB. Results: There were 2996 valid questionnaires with 829 boys and 2167 girls. The MVPA, LPA, and PL of boys were significantly higher than girls, while the SB values were significantly lower in girls (p < 0.01). The correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the two indexes except for SB and LPA. Path analysis shows that PL directly, significantly, and positively affects MVPA. PL reduces SB (β = −0.085, p < 0.001) and increases LPA (β = 0.097, p < 0.001). The total mediation effect accounted for 14.014%, and the mediation effects of SB and LPA accounted for 4.417% and 9.597%, respectively. Conclusions: LPA and SB partially mediated the relation between PL and MVPA. SB and LPA partially explain the impact of PL on MVPA. The findings suggest that managing SB and improving LPA could play a significant indirect role in increasing the positive effect of PL on MVPA and that increasing the opportunities for LPA increased the MVPA for Chinese college students.

Introduction: Research has shown that sports and exercise may be an effective treatment for drug rehabilitation. This study examines the effects of basketball on the executive functions of male attendees at a compulsory-isolation drug rehabilitation center. Methods: Data were collected via convenience sampling from a compulsory-isolation drug rehabilitation center in Linfen, Shanxi Province. The study recruited 40 male participants from the center with consideration given to their age and years of drug abuse. The participants were then randomized into an intervention group and a control group. The intervention group participated in 16 weeks of a basketball sports intervention, three times a week for an hour each time. During the same period, the control group received the usual interventions. At the baseline, 8 weeks after the intervention, and 16 weeks after the intervention, three components of the participants’ executive functions—inhibition, updating, and shifting—were assessed using Flanker tasks, 2-back tasks, and more-odd shifting tasks. Results: At 16 weeks after the invention, the intervention group had a significantly shorter reaction time (p<0.05) on average compared with the control group in terms of their inhibition, updating, and shifting functions. Within the intervention group, the reaction times for inhibition, updating, and shifting decreased as the intervention length increased: Compared to the baseline assessments, the reaction time for inhibition, shifting, and updating significantly shortened (p<0.05) at 8 and 16 weeks after the intervention. Conclusion: Long-term basketball training can effectively improve executive functions and encourage positive changes in the nervous systems of patients at compulsory isolation drug rehabilitation centers.

目的:对户外运动预防青少年近视效果的前瞻性研究进行定量评价,梳理相关机制,为青少年近视防控提供参考.方法:计算机检索CNKI、Wan-Fang、VIP、WOS、PubMed、Embase等数据库,由2名研究者分别独立根据文献纳入与排除标准进行文献筛选和数据提取,采用Jadad量表和NOS量表分别评价RCT和PCS的质量,应用Review Manager 5.4.1软件和Stata 12.0软件进行统计分析.结果:Meta分析共纳入11项研究,RCT质量评估平均得分为4.0分;PCS质量评估平均得分为9.86分,文献整体质量较高.主效应检验结果显示,户外运动有助于降低青少年近视率[OR=0.69,95％CI=(0.50,0.96),P=0.03],延缓D[SMD=0.29,95％CI=(0.17,0.36),P＜0.01]和 AL[SMD=-0.27,95％CI=(-0.41,-0.13),P＜0.01]发展速度.单因素Meta回归分析结果显示,被试国家是纳入研究间异质性的来源,Egger线性回归分析和文献敏感性分析结果显示,近视率、D和AL不存在发表偏倚,且文献敏感性偏低,Meta分析结果稳定、可靠.已经证明的户外运动预防近视的机制主要体现在户外光照刺激视网膜多巴胺分泌增多,户外环境减小周边散焦,身体运动降低眼压,球类运动改善动态视力等.结论:增加户外运动是预防青少年近视发生发展的重要手段,但后续尚需更多高质量前瞻性研究,以探究相关研究群体的一致性和剂量效应的关系.

目的:系统评价元认知训练对精神分裂症病人认知自知力的疗效.方法:检索the Cochrane Library、PubMed、EMbase、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库(WanFang Database)、维普数据库(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)数据库中公开发表的有关元认知训练与精神分裂症病人认知自知力相关的研究文献,检索时间为各数据库建库至2021年4月1日,由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,应用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析.结果:共纳入8篇文献,全部为随机对照研究,样本总量为614例,元认知训练可显著提高精神分裂症病人的认知自知力[MD=4.22,95％CI(2.54,5.90),P<0.00001],增强自我反思能力[MD=2.40,95％CI(1.39,3.40),P<0.00001],降低自我确定[MD=-0.90,95％CI(-1.32,-0.48),P<0.0001].结论:现有证据表明,元认知训练可以显著提高精神分裂症病人的认知自知力综合指数,提高病人自我反思能力及降低自我确定.但受纳入研究数量和质量的限制,上述结论尚待更多高质量研究予以验证.

本文运用文献资料法、FMS测试法、数理统计法等研究方法,对郑州大学体育学院健美操专业学生进行调查测量.分析健美操专业学生运动伤病史与功能性动作筛查(FMS)的得分情况之间的相关性.得出结论:FMS对称性与健美操专业学生发生伤病的情况中度相关;FMS总分与运动伤病史无显著相关性.教练员应结合学生的现实情况来评估动作,为学生设计科学合理的纠正性练习作为补充训练.

研究目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)临床症状与体力活动(PA)水平间的关联性.方法:以临汾市人民医院2018年10月至2019年10月经睡眠呼吸监测(PSG)诊断为OSAHS的113例患者为研究对象,采用国际体力活动问卷(IPAQ—LF)调查PA水平,对患者在夜间进行持续7h以上的多导睡眠呼吸监测,分析患者PA水平与多导睡眠呼吸监测结果、OSAHS病情程度以及嗜睡程度的关联性.结果:(1)AHI、鼾声指数与总体力活动量呈显著负相关(P<0.01),LSaO2与总体力活动量呈显著正相关(P<0.05).其中AHI、LSaO2和鼾声指数与大强度体力活动量均没有相关性(P>0.05);AHI和鼾声指数与中强度活动量有显著性负相关(P<0.01),LSaO2与中强度体力活动量呈显著正相关(P<0.01);LSaO2与小强度体力活动量无相关性(P>0.05),而AHI和鼾声指数与小强度体力活动量有显著负相关(P<0.05).(2)OS-AHS病情程度与总体力活动量呈显著负相关(P<0.01).其中OSAHS病情程度与小强度体力活动量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与中强度体力活动量存在显著负相关(P<0.01),与大强度体力活动量不存在相关性(P>0.05).(3)嗜睡程度同小强度和大强度体力活动量不存在相关性(P>0.05),与中强度体力活动量和总体力活动量呈显著相关性(P<0.01).结论:本研究患者AHI、LSaO2、鼾声指数、OSAHS病情程度和嗜睡程度五个临床症状指标与体力活动均存在显著相关性,说明PA不足可加重OSAHS患者临床相关症状,可增加OS-AHS的发病风险.小强度和中强度体力活动可以降低AHI、鼾声指数与OSAHS病情程度,中强度体力活动能减轻患者嗜睡程度并增加LSaO2,而大强度体力活动与OSAHS临床相关指标均无相关性.

目的:运用Meta分析法综合相关文献,从定量评价角度评估运动干预及营养联合对老年肌少症患者肌肉质量、肌肉力量和身体功能结果的影响.方法:检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普(VIP)数据库、Web of Science、Pubmed、EBSCO等数据库,严格按照纳入与排除标准选取文献,提取数据,进行质量评价,在Review Manager5.3软件上进行统计分析,效应量以加权化均差(SMD)的形式表示.结果:纳入文献共计14篇,其中实验组为运动干预的研究10项,样本量551;实验组为营养联合运动干预的研究9项,样本量542.Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,运动干预有效改善老年肌少症患者肌肉力量(腿部力量) [SMD=0.53 95％CL=(0.35,0.70),P＜0.00001]、身体表现功能(步速) [SMD=0.38, 95％CL=(0.04,0.77),P=0.03].结论:运动干预可以有效改善肌少症患者肌肉力量和身体表现功能,但对于结果不具有显著性的结果指标也并不一定没有作用.在这个领域需要进行高质量的研究来探索治疗肌少症的有效干预方法.

采用政策解析和实证研究法,收集汇总我国31个省(市、自治区)省会城市的中考体育考试办法或执行方案,分析不同城市中考体育项目设置与评价机制的特点、差异和问题,为提高我国体育考试评价的科学化水平提供实证数据.研究得到:中考体育包括过程性考核项目和现场测试项目,前者关系体育课表现和课余体育锻炼,后者由身体形态、身体素质、运动技能组成;31个省会城市的中考体育平均分值为46.39分,与语文、数学、外语分值水平尚有较大差距.中考体育的项目设置关系教育导向,评价机制关系考试公信力和教育公平,应在广泛舆情调研和科学研究的基础上稳步推行、梯度推进.

[Abstract]OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between family background and parental support and physical activity and motor competence in adolescents, and to provide a theoretical basis for the health promotion of children and adolescents in China. METHODS: Select a junior high school in Shanxi Province 12 ~ 14 years old, 140 junior high school students (male 70, female 70) as the research object, the ActiGraph GT3X + model of accelerometer are used to records research object for 7d physical activity, and questionnaire to collect the basic information of the subjects' parents, adopting The Activity Support Scale for Chinese (ACTS - CN) to evaluate the behavior of parents to the child activity support and attitude, The Canadian Agility And Movement Skill Assessment CAMSA was used to evaluate the motor competence development of adolescents. RESULTS: Male students participated in MVPA for 40.57 min every day, while female students participated in MVPA for 31.65 min every day. Male students had higher MVPA than female students. In the motor skill test, the average skill score of male students is 10.8, and the completion time is 17.7 s, while the average skill score of female students is 10.1, and the completion time is 19.1 s. There is no significant difference between the score and completion time of male and female students. Under different family backgrounds, children's sports behaviors are different. Supportive parents are positively correlated with their children's physical activity and motor competence. CONCLUSION: Family environment plays an important role in promoting physical activity and developing motor competence of adolescents, the company of parents and support can significantly affect a child's behavior from several aspects, intervention strategies for adolescent health promotion can include promoting parental activities, through the parents' role models for activity behaviors among adolescents internalizing positive attitude and behavior.[Key words] Family support; Physical activity; Motor competence; Teenagers Supported by Beijing education science programming project(BEAA19045)