Objective To systematically evaluate the effects of acute and long-term exercise interventions on the physical health of children with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). Methods A systematic review was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of non-randomized studies of interventions guidelines.Relevant studies from 1987 to 2023 were retrieved from PubMed,Web of Science,and EBSCO databases.Eligible studies were primarily non-randomized controlled trials focusing on acute or long-term exercise interventions in the children with PWS.Outcome measures included cardiorespiratory function,muscle strength,body composition,metabolism,and inflammation. Results A total of 19 studies were included.Studies of acute exercise showed that the children with PWS had lower cardiorespiratory function and muscle strength than normal or obese children,but similar metabolic responses.Long-term exercise interventions resulted in significant body mass index reduction,increased muscle mass,improved cardiorespiratory function,and regulation of inflammation markers such as interleukin-8.In addition,exercise improved the quality of life in the children with PWS. Conclusions Exercise interventions positively impact the health of children with PWS by reducing the body mass index,increasing the muscle strength,improving the cardiorespiratory function,and regulating inflammation.Exercise intervention combined with hormone therapy and nutritional intervention can serve as an effective rehabilitation regimen for the health management of children with PWS.Future research should explore optimal exercise prescriptions and long-term effects and mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE:This study examined the associations between 24-hour movement behaviors and health-related fitness in university students, and estimated the substitution effects using a compositional isotemporal substitution model. METHODS:This study was conducted between May and June 2023, using a combination of convenience and random sampling to recruit 325 undergraduate students from Tianjin University of Science & Technology as participants, including 167 males and 158 females. Daily 24-hour activity behaviors were measured using a triaxial accelerometer(ActiGraph GT3X+), including moderate-intensity physical activity(MPA), vigorous-intensity physical activity(VPA), light-intensity physical activity(LPA), sedentary behaviors(SB), and sleep(SLP) duration. Body composition was assessed via body mass index(BMI), waist circumference, and body fat percentage. Muscular strength was measured by handgrip strength, cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by vital capacity and maximum oxygen uptake(VO_(2 max)), and flexibility was assessed by the sit-and-reach test. Compositional data analysis was used to investigate the associations between activity behaviors and health-related physical fitness. A 15-minute isotemporal substitution model was applied to predict the effects of replacing one activity with another on outcome variables. RESULTS:The mean age of male participants was(19.74±1.16) years, and that of female participants was(19.51±1.29) years. Based on 24-hour compositional activity behavior analysis, college students spent an average of 16.42 minutes(1.14% of the day) in MPA, 26.57 minutes(1.85%) in VPA, 150.92 minutes(10.48%) in LPA, 645.78 minutes(46.05%) in SB, and 561.31 minutes(40.21%) in SLP. After adjusting for covariates including sex and age, isotemporal substitution models revealed that replacing an equivalent amount of sedentary time with MPA was associated with a reduction in BMI by 0.07-0.19 units, body fat percentage by 0.53-0.59 units, waist circumference by 0.16-0.27 cm, an increase in vital capacity by 119.18-152.67 mL, VO_(2 max) by 1.76-1.88 mL/(kg·min), handgrip strength by 0.86-1.46 kg, and sit-and-reach performance by 0.19-0.38 cm. Similarly, increasing VPA led to decreases in BMI by 0.14-0.16 units, body fat percentage by 0.49-0.54 units, waist circumference by 0.12-0.23 cm, increases in vital capacity by 127.45-160.84 mL, VO_(2 max) by 1.91-2.03 mL/(kg·min), handgrip strength by 0.98-1.56 kg, and sit-and-reach by 0.14-0.32 cm. Increasing LPA result ed in BMI increases of 0.11-0.12 units, handgrip strength increases of 0.65 kg, and sit-and-reach increases of 0.21 cm. Increasing SLP was associated with BMI reduction of 0.04 units and waist circumference reduction of 0.09 cm. CONCLUSION:MPA had the most significant effect on improving BMI, body fat percentage, and waist circumference, while VPA was more effective in enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and flexibility. SLP had a modest positive effect on BMI and waist circumference but was less impactful than MPA and VPA. SB and LPA were generally unfavorable for health-related physical fitness.

Objective To explore the accumulated effects of physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep on cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)among college students and provide effective measures for enhancing their CRF. Methods From May to June in 2023,223 college students aged 18 to 24 years old were recruited from Tianjin University of Science and Technology for a 24 hours activity behavior survey and CRF testing.Compositional analysis was employed to investigate the relationships of physical activity,sedentary behavior,and sleep with CRF.Isotemporal substitution models were established to predict the effects of substituting various activity behaviors on CRF.Results The proportion of time spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)was positively correlated with CRF of college students(β=6.40,P=0.002),while the proportion of time spent on sedentary behavior was negatively correlated with CRF(β=-3.02,P=0.004).Light physical activity(LPA)and sleep were not correlated with CRF(β=-1.06,P=0.504).Isotemporal substitution results for 15-min increments showed that replacing other activity behaviors with MVPA significantly increased the CRF of college students[SB:1.72 mL/(kg·min),95% CI=0.94-2.51;LPA:1.82 mL/(kg·min),95% CI=0.95-2.68;sleep:1.64 mL/(kg·min),95% CI=0.84-2.45].In the dose-response relationship from -30 min to 30 min,reallocating time from other behaviors to MVPA had greater adverse effect on CRF than reallocating time from MVPA to other behaviors.Among all the substitutions,replacing LPA with MVPA had the most beneficial effect on improving CRF.Additionally,a 5-min increment was considered the optimal tipping point for MVPA replacing other activities.Conclusions This study underscores the importance of participating in MVPA for improving the CRF of college students.The isotemporal substitution model provides clear goals for the allocation of time for these behaviors,aiding in future intervention measure development and policy-making.

BackgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading cause of severe complications, projected to affect 693 million adults globally by 2045. Addressing obesity, a key factor in T2DM, through exercise can improve metabolic health and reduce inflammation. This study conducts a Bayesian network meta-analysis to evaluate the long-term effects of various combined interventions on inflammatory markers and metabolic health in overweight or obese individuals with T2DM.MethodsWe included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from January 2000 to April 2023 that examined the effects of aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), combined aerobic and resistance training (ART), physical-mental training (PMT), whole-body vibration training (WBT), and acupuncture (ACT) on BMI, lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, HOMA-IR, IL-6, and TNF-α. A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Data extraction and quality assessment were independently conducted by two researchers, and Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed using R software.ResultsA total of 128 RCTs were included. ART showed the most significant improvements in BMI, IL-6, and TNF-α levels. PMT was the most effective in improving lipid profiles (TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C) and insulin sensitivity markers (HbA1c, HOMA-IR). The SUCRA rankings indicated ART and PMT as the most beneficial interventions. Meta-regression analysis highlighted that VO2max improvements were closely associated with reductions in BMI and HbA1c.ConclusionART and PMT demonstrated comprehensive benefits across multiple metabolic and inflammatory outcomes. ART effectively reduced BMI, improved glycemic control, and decreased inflammatory markers through mechanisms involving AMPK and mTOR pathways. PMT improved lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity by reducing stress hormone levels and modulating endocrine and nervous system functions. A precise exercise prescription combining ART, PMT, AT, RT, and ACT is recommended to optimize metabolic health in T2DM patients. Future research should focus on individualized intervention strategies to enhance clinical outcomes.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO, identifier CRD42024539376.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and neuronal degeneration. Emerging evidence implicates necroptosis in AD pathogenesis, driven by the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL pathway, which promotes neuronal damage, inflammation, and disease progression. Exercise, as a non-pharmacological intervention, can modulate key inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, HMGB1, and IL-1β, thereby inhibiting necroptotic signaling. Additionally, exercise enhances O-GlcNAc glycosylation, preventing Tau hyperphosphorylation and stabilizing neuronal integrity. This review explores how exercise mitigates necroptosis and neuroinflammation, offering novel therapeutic perspectives for AD prevention and management.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by muscle rigidity, resting tremor, and postural instability, which severely impair the quality of life in middle-aged and elderly individuals. PD's pathogenesis is complex, involving oxidative stress, immune inflammation, and genetic factors. Despite extensive research, precise therapeutic targets for PD remain elusive, necessitating further investigation into its underlying mechanisms. Recent studies highlight the pivotal role of regional brain iron overload, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation in PD's pathogenesis. Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death driven by iron dependency and lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a critical factor in PD pathology. This review examines the relationship between ferroptosis and PD and explores the potential of exercise as a therapeutic intervention to modulate ferroptosis and alleviate PD symptoms. Ferroptosis, distinct from other forms of cell death such as necrosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and apoptosis, is characterized by mitochondrial shrinkage, reduced cristae, and membrane collapse, without nuclear fragmentation, DNA cleavage, or caspase activation. It is induced by the accumulation of intracellular Fe2+, which enhances lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, ultimately leading to cell death. Studies show disrupted iron metabolism in PD patients, with elevated iron levels in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra correlating with disease severity. Iron chelation therapy has shown promise in alleviating PD symptoms by reducing brain iron levels, highlighting the significance of iron metabolism in PD pathogenesis. Lipid peroxidation, a hallmark of ferroptosis, involves the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in cell membranes, compromising membrane integrity and increasing permeability. Elevated lipid peroxidation in the substantia nigra contributes to neuronal damage in PD. Enzymes such as ACSL4 and LPCAT3, crucial in PUFA metabolism, play significant roles in ferroptosis. Exercise has been shown to modulate these enzymes, potentially reducing lipid peroxidation and preventing ferroptosis in PD. Glutathione (GSH) metabolism is another crucial factor in ferroptosis regulation. GSH depletion impairs ROS detoxification, exacerbating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. PD patients exhibit reduced GSH levels in the substantia nigra, making dopaminergic neurons more vulnerable to oxidative damage. Exercise enhances GSH synthesis and activity, mitigating oxidative stress and ferroptosis in PD. alpha-Synuclein aggregation, a hallmark of PD, is closely linked to iron metabolism and oxidative stress. Excessive a-synuclein binds to iron, promoting its aggregation and inducing ferroptosis. Exercise has been found to reduce a-synuclein accumulation and its pathological phosphorylation, potentially through the upregulation of neuroprotective proteins like DJ-1 and Irisin. These proteins enhance antioxidant defenses and facilitate alpha-synuclein degradation, providing a protective effect against PD progression. Additionally, glutamate excitotoxicity, driven by dysregulated glutamate metabolism and receptor activity, contributes to ferroptosis in PD. Exercise modulates glutamate levels and receptor expression, reducing excitotoxicity and iron-induced neuronal damage. In conclusion, emerging research suggests that exercise may inhibit ferroptosis through multiple mechanisms, including regulation of iron metabolism, enhancement of antioxidant defenses, reduction of alpha-synuclein aggregation, and modulation of glutamate metabolism. These findings highlight the potential of exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention in the prevention and treatment of PD. Further research is needed to elucidate precise mechanisms and optimize exercise protocols for maximum therapeutic benefit.

BackgroundCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) serves as a critical measure of the cardiovascular system’s efficiency in delivering oxygenated blood to tissues and organs. Understanding the relationship between various activity behaviors and CRF is essential for devising effective health interventions for the older adult population.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association between 24-h activity behaviors and CRF in older adult individuals, utilizing compositional data analysis.MethodsWe utilized baseline data from the “Fifth National Physical Fitness Monitoring Cohort Study in Tianjin, China,” which included 540 older adult participants. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were objectively measured using a three-dimensional accelerometer, and CRF was assessed via a gas metabolism analyzer. Compositional data analysis was employed to examine the relationships between 24-h activity behaviors—specifically, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity (LPA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep (SLP)—and CRF.ResultsThe analysis demonstrated that MVPA was significantly positively associated with CRF (βMVPA = 5.36, p < 0.01), whereas SB was significantly negatively associated (βSB = −3.97, p < 0.01). No significant associations were observed for LPA and SLP with CRF. The isochronous substitution model revealed that reallocating 15 min of MVPA to SB, LPA, or SLP significantly decreased CRF by 0.31, 0.27, and 0.23 mL/kg/min, respectively. Conversely, substituting 15 min of SB, LPA, or SLP with MVPA resulted in increases in CRF by 0.29, 0.22, and 0.17 mL/kg/min, respectively. Additionally, replacing SB with LPA or SLP led to improvements in CRF, though these changes were not significant, underscoring the potential benefits of reducing sedentary time and enhancing physical activity levels.ConclusionThese findings underscore the critical role of increasing MVPA and reducing SB in improving CRF among the older adult. This study provides a robust scientific foundation for health promotion and intervention strategies targeting older adults. Comprehensive modifications to daily activity patterns are imperative for optimizing cardiovascular health in this population.

Globally, the construction industry is facing a severe labor shortage, and attracting and retaining workers has become a pressing challenge. This study examined the effect of rehabilitation exercise on construction workers’ willingness to sustain their careers through a questionnaire survey of 479 construction workers using a quantitative research methodology. It aims to reveal how the self-efficacy, perceived usefulness, and self-regulation of rehabilitation exercise affect construction workers’ occupational sustainability through physical and psychological recovery. The results of the study show that (1) the rehabilitation exercise self-efficacy and perceived usefulness of recovery exercise positively affect construction workers’ career sustainability intentions and (2) psychological recovery and physical recovery play parallel mediating roles in the effects of rehabilitation exercise self-efficacy, the perceived usefulness of recovery exercise, and self-regulation of recovery exercise on construction workers’ career sustainability intentions. The findings suggest that improving the physical and psychological capital of construction workers through recovery exercise can effectively enhance their career commitment and willingness to be sustainable. This study provides a reference for the design of more comprehensive and systematic rehabilitation and health management programs in the future and offers suggestions from the perspective of recovery exercise for the development of sustainable construction workers.

目的 建立等时替代模型探讨在校大学生24 h活动行为与体质健康的关联及替代效应,为大学生改善体质健康水平提供具体的活动行为建议.方法 于2023年4-5月采用分层随机整群抽样法,对天津市12所高校2 794名大学生进行体质健康测试与24 h活动行为调查,调查内容为久坐(SB)时间、低强度体力活动(LPA)时间、中高强度体力活动(MVPA)时间与睡眠(SLP)时间;采用成分等时替代方法,探究24 h活动行为与体质健康的量效关系.结果 除50 m跑外,MVPA与BMI-Z呈负相关(β=-0.62),但与其余体质指标呈正相关(β=0.34～274.23);LPA与肺活量、坐位体前屈和50 m跑无相关性,与其余体质指标呈负相关(β=-14.30～-0.19);SB与多数体质指标呈负相关(β=-11.57～-0.33),但与BMI-Z呈正相关(β=0.45);除肺活量外,SLP与BMI-Z、体质总分、1 min仰卧起坐、引体向上、800/1 000 m跑、坐位体前屈、50 m跑均呈正相关(β=0.27～11.21),但与跳远呈负相关(β=-0.10)(P值均＜0.05).成分等时替代显示,30 min/d的SB和LPA替代MVPA产生的不利效应均大于MVPA替代相应行为所产生的有益效应(体质总分:SB,-0.58和0.47分;LPA,-0.50和0.38分).结论 MVPA与SLP对大学生体质健康具有积极正向的影响效应.在改善大学生体质健康过程中,保证睡眠充足,尽可能提高MVPA和降低SB可能是有效方法之一.

Objective To explore the relationship between isochronous substitution and BMI,waist circumference(WC),and body fat rate(FAT)among physical activity(PA),sedentary(SB),and sleep(SLP),so as to provide effective measures for obe-sity control in adolescents.Methods A total of 193 adolescents aged 12-15(90 males and 103 females)was randomly selected,and their height,weight,and BMI were measured using routine testing methods from May to August 2022.The PA,SB and SLP of the participants were measured using a 3D accelerometer(ActiGraph GT3X+).Results The arithmetic mean value overestimated SLP(40.8％)and SB(39.6％)to some extent,and underestimated LPA(16.1％)and MVPA(3.5％)to some extent.Based on the ISM at 15 min,MVPA was substituted for other activity,BMI-Z decreased by 0.17-0.22 units,WC-Z decreased by 0.16-0.20 units,and FAT-Z decreased by 0.17-0.22 units.The substitution between MVPA and for other activity exhibited significant asym-metry.The efects of MVPA substitutions for SB was the largest,followed by the efects of MVPA substitutions for SIP,and the effects of MVPA substitutions for IPA was the lowest.As MVPA substitutions for other behaviors,it reached its maximum(0.06-0.08 units)when the MVPA time increased by 5 minutes.Conclusions MVPA plays an irreplaceable role in the control of adoles-cent obesity.While reducing SB time,MVPA duration should be increased to ensure that the daily MVPA duration is not less than 55 minutes in order to effectively control obesity.

心肺耐力(CRF)是体质健康评价中的核心内容,从整体上反映了心血管系统的功能与状态.评价CRF的"金标准"是最大摄氧量(VO2max),但VO2max评价CRF有一定的不足,不能更确切地反映心脏射血功能.峰值氧脉搏(O2Ppeak)是VO2max与峰值心率的比值,作为反映心脏、血管工作效率的指标,与心血管的功能有直接关联,在心血管功能的评价以及心血管疾病的诊断与评估中有重要的应用前景;作为VO2max的补充指标,可能更有利于准确地评价CRF.本文综述了O2Ppeak的测量方法与应用成果,旨在为O2Ppeak在心血管功能测量与评价中的进一步应用提供参考依据.

Background: Peak oxygen pulse (O2Ppeak) can reflect the condition of cardiovascular function and provide supplementary information for maximal oxygen uptake, but its direct measurement requires the precise instruments under the guidance of professionals, and the subjects should strive to the state of exhaustion.Objectives: The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to establish a prediction equation to estimate O2Ppeak of Chinese adults aged 20-39, from routine measures of anthropometry and cardiovascular function. Methods: 252 adults (20-39 years old) were recruited and randomly allocated to the validation group (n = 226) and the cross-validation group (n = 26). To be included in the study, subjects were required to be healthy, none-professional sports experience (healthy individuals who are not athletes or have had experience as athletes), and no medication taken recently. Subjects with cardiovascular diseases, lung disease and musculoskeletal diseases were excluded. The subjects' anthropometric and cardiovascular variables were measured and each subject performed a maximal exercise test on an electromagnetic cycle ergometer.Results: The O(2)P(peak )estimated equation was developed using multiple linear regression models, O2Ppeak = 30.394 + 0.083 x body mass (kg) - 0.090 x resting heart rate (bpm) - 0.157 x age (years) - 2.710 x gender (1 = male, 2 = female) - 0.035 x systolic blood pressure (mmHg). The equation had the coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.804 and the standard error of estimate (SEE) = 1.619 ml/beat. An ANOVA and Akaike's information criterion (AIC) were tested. BlandAltman graphs were plotted to examine the distribution of bias. Cross-validation estimated O2Ppeak and directly measured O2Ppeak did not show significant difference while had a strong positive correlation (r = 0.89, p < 0.001).Conclusions: The established equation has high effectiveness and reliability to predict O2Ppeak of adults aged 20-39.

Platelet over-activation is one of the important mechanisms of atherosclerosis （AS） in diabetes mellitus. Dietary nutrient intervention plays an important role in the primary prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus combined with AS. Studies have shown that the antiplatelet factor in tomato extract can inhibit platelet aggregation and activation in different environments. Its bioactive ingredient are nucleosides and derivatives and phenolic compounds， which retard the pathological progress of diabetes mellitus complicated with AS. This review aims to explore the mechanism of the antiplatelet effect of tomato extract， and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus complicated with AS.

肥胖和抑郁在全球范围内的患病率显著增长并已成为国内外重大公共卫生挑战[1].近年来研究发现,肠道微生物-短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids, SCFAs)轴参与了肥胖和抑郁的发生发展,是联系代谢与神经系统的枢纽[2].本文总结了肥胖与抑郁共病的流行病学证据,指出二者之间存在复杂的双向联系,并从微生物-SCFAs轴的角度探索二者之间的共病机制,指出SCFAs的转运途径与作用靶点,并通过改善屏障免疫作用、改善神经内分泌及激活迷走神经(vagus nerve,VN)的作用,解释肥胖与抑郁之间的共病关系,为临床医生与科研工作者提供参考资料.

目的 探讨以中学生身体活动、屏幕时间、睡眠时间构成的日常行为与体质健康之间的关系,为开展中学生体质健康干预提供参考.方法 采用分层随机整群抽样法,对天津市12所中学1 614名学生进行体质健康测试和日常行为调查,调查内容包括中学生的中高强度身体活动、屏幕时间和睡眠时间状况;参考《加拿大24小时活动指南》将受试者的行为划分为"全达标组""达标2项组""达标1项组"和"未达标组"4组;体质健康风险相关因素采用二元Logistic回归分析.结果 仅有5.2％的男生、4.2％的女生3项行为全达标,16.4％的男生、16.3％的女生3项行为均未达标;达标2项组和全达标组体质健康综合评价优良率分别占比77.7％,71.8％.中学生身体活动不足的体质健康风险是达标者的1.76倍,屏幕时间过长体质健康风险是达标者的1.34倍,睡眠时间不足体质健康风险是达标者的2.86倍、超重肥胖风险是达标者的1.49倍(P值均＜0.05);与全达标的中学生相比,未达标组体质健康风险是其3.63倍,仅达标1项组是其2.10倍(P值均＜0.01).结论 中学生身体活动、屏幕时间和睡眠时间2项以上达标者更容易获得较高的体质健康水平并降低超重肥胖风险,中学生应积极从事体育活动,尽可能增加中高强度身体活动、减少屏幕时间,保持健康睡眠习惯,以获得更好的健康水平.

我国学生体质健康监测数据显示,近年来我国青少年身体素质水平总体上呈现出逐年下滑的趋势,而且各个学段学生的肥胖率也在不断增加,特别是广大青少年的肥胖上升率更为明显.肥胖不仅会影响青少年的日常生活与学习,还会影响他们的身心健康,导致他们的身体机能下降,使他们产生自卑等心理.游泳运动是一项在水中进行的具有特殊性的全身性运动,能够使全身肌肉都参与到运动中,既有利于减重瘦身,又有利于提高身体机能,而且运动损伤的发生概率也相对更小,因此,游泳运动是青少年肥胖患者进行体育锻炼的理想项目.该文首先探究了游泳运动对青少年肥胖患者身体形态与身体机能的影响,然后提出了游泳运动中提高青少年肥胖患者身体机能的建议,以期能够为青少年肥胖患者降低体重、提高身体机能提供一定理论依据.

Football is a popular sport all over the world, and it is also an important part to show the comprehensive strength of the country. With the development of football in China, how to effectively carry out football teaching and training has become a hot topic. At present, the international mainstream method is to use robot soccer simulation training to simulate the real game scene, analyze and study the game tactics. However, due to the late start of artificial intelligence in China, there are still technical problems in the field of robot soccer, such as insufficient recognition and unreasonable task allocation. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes an intelligent soccer teaching and training system based on fuzzy theory. In this paper, the control mode of the intelligent system is further optimized by combining the classical algorithm of fuzzy mathematics with PID control. In the design of football training model, this paper puts forward an innovative game situation assessment system, which can better analyze the impact of environmental factors. In the aspect of control circuit, this paper adopts the mainstream LM2678 step-down circuit, which has good stability and has been widely used in intelligent control system. In the final experimental analysis, this paper uses the current representative basic decision-making system as the comparative object, through a number of experiments including technical indicators, system characteristics, etc. Analysis of the data shows that the intelligent system based on fuzzy theory has better task allocation ability than the traditional way, and obviously improves the comprehensive performance of the system. In the simulation competition, the system in this paper has made outstanding achievements, which further shows the superiority of the system.

目的 研究能量限制对不同年龄小鼠海马mTOR信号通路的影响,并探讨其与认知功能关系.方法 将120只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为能量限制组(CR,n=60)和自由摄食组(AL,n=60),CR组摄食量是同龄AL组的70％;分别至1.5、3、12、20月龄(n=15)时,行Morris水迷宫实验后处死取材;采用western blot和免疫组织化学染色法检测海马mTOR通路蛋白表达水平.结果 CR抑制各年龄小鼠海马mTOR通路蛋白表达活性(CR vs AL P＜0.05或P＜O.01);延缓成年后小鼠空间学习功能增龄性退变,体现在逃避潜伏期CR20m＜ AL20m(P＜0.05),穿越平台次数和原平台位置游泳时间CR20m＞AL20m(P＜0.05);但CR对幼年小鼠学习功能产生不利影响,体现在逃避潜伏期CR1.5m＞AL1.5m、CR3m ＞AL3m (P＜0.05),穿越平台次数和原平台位置游泳时间CR1.5m＜AL1.5m、CR3m ＜AL3m (P＜0.05).结论 CR对幼年小鼠海马mTOR通路活性的抑制妨碍其认知发育,因此保证充足能量以维持mTOR通路活性对幼年小鼠神经发育至关重要;成年后通过CR抑制mTOR通路可有效延缓认知增龄性退变.

本研究首次依运动分期跟踪测定受试者FATmax,并具此进行运动强度进阶的12周精准减重干预,观察进阶运动减重方案对肥胖男青年心肺机能的影响.方法:120名肥胖男青年在实验室环境下测定3个运动进阶强度、运动干预手段能耗、实施12周进阶运动减重方案后观察心肺机能的变化.结果:肥胖男青年各运动阶段FATmax心率分别为(133.23±16.86)、(137.01±15.71)、(141.12±17.48)次/min,耗氧量占最大摄氧量分别为(48.66±7.64)％、(50.37±8.18)％、(53.21±8.23)％,跑步参考速度为(7.91±1.17)、(8.04±1.49)、(8.24±1.61)km/h.结论:本运动进阶减重方案的总能量消耗为400～500 kcal/天(每4周递增10％),受试者接受度和依从性良好;体脂率从(29.74±6.43)％显著降低至(24.22±7.16)％,P<0.01,腹部脂肪从(157.63±37.49)cm2显著降低至(139.45±36.73)cm2,收到比较理想的效果.受试者在有效减重的同时心肺机能得到显著改善;其FATmax-MFO与受试者体脂率和腹部脂肪的减少同步明显发生向更高的最大摄氧量占比移动,提示肥胖者脂肪代谢能力与心肺机能水平存在平行正向关联.精准设计运动强度进阶以及对处方中运动能耗合理的测算更有利于心肺机能的改善和提升.

心肺耐力是儿童青少年体质健康的重要标志.6 min步行试验(6-minute walk test,6MWT)是新兴的用来评估儿童青少年心肺耐力的方法,在多个国家和地区已有应用.本研究旨在综述6MWT在儿童青少年心肺耐力评估中的应用,分析6MWT的应用前景、注意事项,为6MWT在儿童青少年心肺耐力评估中的应用和推广普及,以及相关评价标准的制定提供参考.