OBJECTIVELong noncoding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) has been well studied in the progression of many malignancies. However, its association with the radioresistance of tumors has not been well understood yet. This study tried to explore the role of MALAT1 in regulating the radiosensitivity of esophageal cancer (EC), especially esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), involving its regulation on Cks1 expression.METHODSKYSE150 cells were subcutaneously inoculated into nude mice to establish ESCC xenografts. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the expression of MALAT1 and Cks1 in irradiated xenografts and cells. Functional analysis was performed in both EC9706 and KYSE150 cells via the transfection of corresponding plasmids or small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Irradiation-induced damage was examined by the detection of cell viability and apoptosis using MTT and TUNEL assays, respectively.RESULTSBoth MALAT1 and Cks1 were downregulated in irradiated xenografts and cells. Cks1FER1L4 showed significant downregulation. Overexpression of MALAT1 inhibited irradiation-induced decrease in cell viability, increase in apoptosis, and downregulation of Cks1. Cks1 expression was also downregulated by MALAT1 siRNA, while Cks1 siRNA strongly recovered MALAT1-induced radioresistance in vitro. Moreover, better tumor growth, accompanied by Cks1 upregulation, was observed in KYSE150 xenografts with MALAT1 overexpression, especially under radiation treatment.CONCLUSIONMALAT1 acted as one positive regulator of the radioresistance of ESCC, at least partly due to its promotion on Cks1 expression. Furthermore, MALAT1-targeted therapies showed great potential in enhancing the radiotherapeutic effect on ESCC.

目的 评价局部晚期直肠癌术前同步放化疗手术切除术1、3年的生存率及放射反应.方法 将内蒙古自治区医院放疗科及内蒙古医科大学附属医院放疗科自2008年5月至2011年5月收治的64例局部晚期直肠癌随机分为两组:单纯调强放疗组(Intesity Modulated Radiation Therapy,IMRT),简称单放组和调强放疗同步化疗组(Intesity Modulated Radiation Therapy plus Concurrent Chemotherapy,IMRT+ C),简称综合组.放疗采用6MVX线IMRT,DT:50 Gy/25 f/5周;化疗方案为口服希罗达,1 650 mg/m2,放疗第1日服用,2次/d,间隔12h,连用14d,停7d,后继续服用14d.观察综合组与单放组两组在手术切除率,1、3年的生存率及放射反应的差异.结果 综合组和单放组的手术切除率分别为71.88％ (23/32)和46.88％(15/32)(x2=4.15,P＜0.05),1、3年生存率分别为87.5％(28/32)、75％(24/32)(x2=1.64,P＞0.05)和65.6％(21/32)、40.63％(13/32)(x2=4.02,P＜0.05).综合组的手术切除率和3年生存率高于单放组,差异有统计学意义.但1年生存率两组无统计学意义.血液学毒性反应及急性放射性肠炎发生率分别为78.13％(25/32)、53.13％(17/32)(x2 =4.43,P＜0.05)和81.25％ (26/32)、56.25％ (18/32)(x2=4.65,P＜0.05),综合组均高于单放组,差异有统计学意义.结论 局部晚期直肠癌通过术前同步放化疗,可以提高手术切除率及3年生存率,但血液学毒性反应和放射性肠炎增加,远期疗效值得进一步探讨和研究.

目的 评价腮腺癌术后行调强放射治疗的3、5年局控率及生存率.方法 回顾性分析我科自2005年6月至2010年2月收治的19例腮腺癌患者,采用6 MVX线IMRT治疗,腮腺预防区域DT:60 Gy/30 f/6W,腮腺瘤床DT:66 Gy/30 f/6 W,残存病灶DT:70.4G y/32 f/6.5 W.结果 3、5年局控率分别为94.7％(18/19)和89.5％(17/19);3、5年生存率分别为89.5％(17/19)和84.2％(16/19).不良反应主要为1级口腔黏膜反应,其次为1级放射性皮肤反应.结论 腮腺癌术后调强放射治疗不仅可以降低局部复发率,而且能提高生存率,毒副反应能耐受.

目的 评价中晚期责门癌调强放疗同步化疗的近期疗效,1、2年生存率及毒副反应.方法 将我科自2007年1月至2012年1月收治的24例中晚期贲门癌患者,采用同步放化疗的方法,放疗采用6MVX线IMRT,DT:2.7 Gy/f,隔日1次,W1、W3、W5放疗,总DT:48.6 Gy/18 f/6 W,BED相当于56 Gy;同步口服希罗达,1 250 mg/d,放疗第1日服用,每日2次,间隔12 h,连用14d,停7d,后继续服用14d.结果 总有效率91.7％(22/24),1、2年生存率分别为66.7％(16/24)和33.3％(8/24).不良反应主要为1-2级消化道反应,其次为1～2级骨髓抑制反应.结论 调强放疗同步化疗能提高中晚期贲门癌的近期疗效,1、2年生存率,毒副反应可耐受.

Objective To investigate the clinical effects and advanced damages of intensity - modulated radiotherapy(IMRT)combined with endocrine therapy for the positive surgical margin of the prostate cancer after the radical prostatectomy. Methods Twenty - two patients with stage II or III prostate cancer and the positive surgical margin of the prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy were treated by IMRT combined with endocrine therapy. The regimen was taken as follows:the clinical target volume included the tumor bed and the residual lesions apex of the pros-tate,2. 3Gy per fraction,once a day,five times a week,and DT was 57. 5 Gy and 69Gy respectively. The endocrine scheme was given bicalu-tamide(50 mg,oral,once a day,continous 2 ~ 3 years)and goserelin(3. 6 mg,subcutaneous injection,once a month,continous 6 ~ 12 months)since the first day of radiotherapy. Results The three - year and five - year survival rates were 90. 9% and 81. 8% respectively. The three - year and five - year progression - free survival rates were 86. 3% and 77. 2% respectively. The advanced radiation proctitis and urethritis were 22. 7% and 18. 2% % respectively. Conclusion The IMRT combined with endocrine therapy for the positive surgical margin of the stage II and III prostate cancer after the radical prostatectomy is safe,reliable and effective. The advanced damage is tolerable.

目的 分析Ⅱ、Ⅲ期直肠癌根治术后希罗达同步放化疗及氟尿嘧啶同步放化疗临床研究结果.方法 2007年至2009年术后病理证实的115例Ⅱ、Ⅲ期直肠癌患者,随机分为希罗达同步放疗组(希罗达组)54例,氟尿嘧啶同步放疗组(氟尿嘧啶组)61例.两组放疗均采用盆腔外照射Dt50 Gy/25 f/5 w.希罗达组:放疗同时口服卡培他滨1600mg/m2,2次/日,服用2周后停1周,再用2周结束.氟尿嘧啶组:放疗第1周及第5周,静脉滴注氟尿嘧啶500 mg/m2,第1～5日共2周期.结果 希罗达组与氟尿嘧啶组比较,3年总生存率、无局部区域复发率、无远处转移生存率分别为80％与84％、96.7％与92％、78.8％与79.5％.两组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).氟尿嘧啶组Ⅲ-Ⅳ级消化道反应、骨髓抑制较希罗达组高,患者更能接受希罗达组.结论 Ⅱ、Ⅲ期直肠癌根治术后希罗达同步放化疗疗效与根治术后氟尿嘧啶同步放化疗疗效相近,避免了患者静脉给药的麻烦,用药更安全,患者更容易接受.

目的 分析ⅡB期宫颈癌术前同步放化疗加根治术与根治性放疗同步化疗的疗效.方法 分析2008年至2009年我科收治的127例ⅡB期宫颈癌患者.60例采用根治术前同步放化疗(放化疗手术组),67例采用根治性放疗同步化疗(放化疗组).放化疗手术组给予盆腔外照射Dt 46 Gy/23 f,休2～3周后给予全子宫双附件切除联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术,放化疗组盆腔外照射给予预防区Dt 46 Gy/23 f,宫旁阳性区Dt 64.4G y/28 f,外照射第3～4周开始加192 Ir后装腔内治疗Dt 42 Gy/7 f/7 w.两组放疗同时每周均给予顺铂40 mg/m2静脉滴注.结果 放化疗手术组与放化疗组3年无进展生存率(PFS)、总生存率(OS)、局控率分别为92.5％与82.1％(P =0.013)、94.5％与89.3％(P =0.082)、96.2％与93.3％(P=0.375).结论 对于ⅡB期宫颈癌患者,术前同步放化疗加根治性手术与根治性放疗同步化疗比较,前者预后更好.

<正>肺癌是我国常见的恶性肿瘤,发病率呈逐年上升趋势,病死率也居于恶性肿瘤首位,死亡的主要原因为远处转移,其中骨转移是最常见的转移部位之一,发生率为30%～40%,鳞癌为48%～70%,腺癌为66%～70%。肺癌骨转移的中位生存期为6～8mo,个别文献报道达13mo。骨转移的临床表现主要表现为局部疼痛及功能障碍,严

This is a short review concerning nanoceria application in health of mankind.It was shown that about 44% of Ce3 + is presented in the lattice of 3 ～ 5 nm size of cerium oxide by XPS experiment,and thus has stronger reducitibility.By EPR,it demonstrated that such nanoceria possesses oxygen free radical scavenging property.In 2009,J.Colon et al disclosed that normal cells and normal tissue are protected from radiation-induced cellular oxidative damage in vitro cell culture studies and in vivo studies in which athymic nude mice was as an experiment animal.These studies imply that a new approach of radiation therapy for cancer will be realized,in which the normal cells and normal tissue will be protected by 3 ～ 5 nm ceria during radiation.It is very important when the patient is suffering in the radiation therapy.In addition,3 ～ 5 nm ceria will be a agent of anti-oxidant or a anti-old and feeble due to its radical scavenging property.But the authers of this paper think that more works must be done before Ⅰclinical trials,such as safety of CeO2 nanoparticles,effectivity of nanoceria for animals bigger than mice,and selectivity of protection etc.All of these studies will get a deeper understanding of mechanism for 3 ～ 5 nm ceria nanoparticles in the organism body.At last,a TEM picture of 3 ～ 5nm ceria particles was offered which was prepared by auther of this paper.

<正>放射性肺炎是指肺组织在受到一定剂量的照射后,造成不同程度的组织形态学上的放射损伤,表现为间质充血水肿,肺泡内渗出增加。临床上一般表现为早期的放射性肺炎和晚期的放射性肺纤维化,严重的影响病人的生活质量,甚至生命。现将我院自2005年开展IMRT以来,对35例放射性肺炎进行总结分析,探讨放射性肺炎的诱因、早期诊断及有效、合理的治疗方法。

目的:观察三维适形放疗同步口服卡陪他滨治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期直肠癌术后的临床疗效及不良反应。方法:60例Ⅱ、Ⅲ期直肠癌术后采用6MVX线3D-CRT,CTV:瘤床(包括吻合口)及盆腔淋巴引流区、骶前软组织、坐骨直肠窝和(或)会阴瘢痕(Miles术后),DT:50 Gy/(25f.5W),高危区域采用野中野,DT:55~57.5Gy/(25f.5W)。从放疗第1 d起,同时口服卡陪他滨片,1650 mg/(m2.d),2次/d,连服2周,休息1周,21 d为1个周期,连用两周期。结果:1、2、3年复发率分别为6.7%、11.7%及15%;1、2、3年生存率分别为88.3%、70.0%及63.3%。1例发生3级放射性肠炎,1例出现手足综合征。结论:三维适形放疗同步口服卡陪他滨治疗Ⅱ、Ⅲ期直肠癌术后是疗效确切、合理、不良反应可以耐受的治疗方法。

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of combined therapy in the treatment of ladvanced prostatic cancer.Method:29 patients with late-advanced prostatic cancer were received combined therapy which included bilateral testectomy,endocrine therapy and radiation therapy.The clinical symplom and the prostate specific antigen(PSA)level were followed up.The survival time was recorded.Result:The symptoms improvement rate of 92%(23/25),urethral obstruction and metastatic bone pains symetom improvement rate of 86.7%(13/15).The serum PSA were significant reduced.Conclusion:The combined therapy with endocrine therapy is the major treatment for ladvanced prostatic cancer.It can ease the symptoms,control the disease and lengthen the survival time.

Objective:To observe the effects ,one-year survival rate and complication of accelerated-fraction three-dimension conformal radiotherapy on non-small cell lung cancer patients with Ⅱand Ⅲ stage.Methods:Fifty-eight patients with stage Ⅱand Ⅲ NSCLC were treated by accelerated fraction three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy of 6 MV X radiation.,2.3 Gy/f,1 f/d,5 f/w ,the total dose 57.5～61 Gy . The clinical short-term effects , 1 year survival rate and the adverse effects were evaluated.Result:The overall response rate ( CR+PR) was 75.8%, 1 year survival rate was 85.4%. The acute radiation pneumonitis , tracheitis and esophagealis were respectively 17.4 % and 22.4%.The radiation pulmonary fibrosis occurred in 1.7%(1/58).Conclusion:The accelerated-fraction three-dimension conformal radiotherapy can effectively improve the local control rate of inoperable NSCLC patients. It has relatively low rate of complication and has overall satisfactory short-term effects.

Objective:To investigate the pathologic changes and clinical effects of preoperative irradiation on local advanced rectal cancer.Methods:From June 2005 to Octobor 2007,44patients with tethered and fixed rectal cancer were randomly divided into tWO groups.22 patients were treated by preoprative radiotherapy(the irradiation group),and the others 22 were treated by operation alone.The irradiation group received 6 MV X ray three-dimension conformal radiation therapy,witll total tumor dose(DT)of 46Gy/20f/4W.The operation was performed 4～6 weeks after radiation.Results:In the irradiation group,the pathologic response after operation prove:the significant tumor regression(RCRGl)was seen in 5 cases,the partially tumor regression(RCRG2)was seen in 1 6 cases,and 1 case was RCRG3.T-stage was lowered in 15 of patients.The tumor operative resective rate in irradiation group and operation group was 86.4%、63.6%.Conclusions:Preoperative irradiation might enhance the tumor operative resective rate in tethered and fixed rectal cancer.It Can reduce T-stage significantly.And the acute radiation toxicity was tolerable without increasing operative difficulty and complications.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of N SE, CYFRA21-1 and CEA in the diagnosis of varied groups of lung cancer. To observe t he sensitivity and effectiveness by combined detection of the three tumor marker s. Methods: The 127 serum samples were collected and measured: inclu ding 22 squamous cell carcinomas, 19 adenocarcinomas, 16 small-cell carcimomas, 13 unclassified lung cancers, 27 benign pulmonary diseases and 30 normal control cases. Serum was detected by ELISA. Results: There was a difference in serum level of NSE, CYFRA21-1 and CEA between lung cancer groups and control groups(P0.05). The serum level of NSE and CEA is higher in lung cancer gr oup than that in benign group(P0.05). There was no difference in the serum level of CYFRA21-1 between lung cancer groups and control group(P0.05). T here was significant difference in the serum level of NSE between small-cell ca rcimoma cases and that of benign pulmonary disease cases and normal control grou p(P0.01). The sensitivity of NES in SCLS is 75%, which shows a difference from that in lung cancer groups(P0.05). The specificity is 96.5%.The sensi tivity of CYFRA21-1 and CE A is, respectively 27.1% and 22.8%. CYFRA21-1 showed the highest sensitivity (36 .4%) in squamous cell carcinomas, CEA is the highest in adenocarcinomas (31.6%). The co mbined detection of the three tumor markers NSE, CYFRA21-1 and CEA may improve the sensitivity for lung can cer detection, and specificity is high. Conclusion: Being the tumor markers wit h high specificity and sensitivity, NSE and SCLC show great reference significan ce in dete ction of lung cancer. CYFR21-1 and CEA has a lower sensitivity but high specific ity, thus shows some clinical value. The combined detection of three tumor marke rs mentioned above can increase diagnosis rate of lung cancer, which shows some clinical value.;