situation and the problems of NOx emission reduction in thermal power industry during the prophase of The Twelfth Five- Yearwere deep dissected. pressure on NOx total control during later period of The Twelfth Five- Yearis analyzed base on the prediction of thermal power industry development,latest requirements for NOx pollution control and environmental quality improvement. research results indicated that the pressure on emission reduction is increased due to the more serious haze. According to emphasis and difficulty in emission reduction work,measures for total emission control of NOx emission were proposed,considering pollution control means,environmental management system,and the research of denitration technology,etc.

The environmental red line division is the core content of urban environmental master planning,take Fuzhou city as an example,this study came up with the connotation of atmospheric environmental red line for the first time and classify it into three category,the first category called source placement sensitive area,the second category called pollutants concentrate sensitive area,the third category called environmental receptor sensitive area,a method to divide atmospheric environmental red line was also established based on WRF / CALMET / CALPUFF. The results indicate source placement sensitive area of Fuzhou mainly locate in Luoyuan county,central urban area and along the bank of Minjiang river,the red line area is about312 square kilometers,2. 61% of the whole city; Pollutants concentrate sensitive area mainly locate in Minqing county,and the belt from central urban area to the upriver of Minjiang river,the red line area is about 190 square kilometers,1. 59% of the whole city; Receptor sensitive area mainly locate in county center,nature protection area and scenic spots,the red line area is about 185 square kilometers,1. 55% of the whole city; Overall characteristic of the atmospheric environmental red line behaves that the source placement red line area mainly affected by prevailing wind direction, wind speed, and it mainly located in the upwind direction of the city,the pollutants concentrate red line area mainly affected by local terrain and it mainly located in the mountain area,river valley and other low ground which have bad diffusion conditions the receptor red line area mainly include ambient air functional area first level,high population density area.

大气环境效率是经济增长与大气环境污染之间协调性程度的度量.本文采用2006-2012年面板数据,对中国30个省大气环境效率进行了研究,分析了东部、中部、西部和东北地区大气环境效率的变化趋势与地区差异,研究表明:2006-2011年全国大气环境效率整体呈现上升趋势,东部地区效率值最高,西部地区效率最低,地区效率差距逐年扩大.

In order to study the pattern of regional transport of PM2.5 and its chemical components, we developed a transport matrix of PM2.5 and its chemical components from the 31provinces (source) to 333cities (receptor) by applying the Particulate Source Apportionment Technology (PSAT) of CAMx model. The regional contribution of ambient PM2.5 and its key components, such as primary PM, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium, are identified and quantified at region, province, and city level. The results indicate significant contribution of regional transport to ambient PM2.5 pollution in key regions and typical cities in Jing-Jin-Ji area. 22%, 37%, 28%, and 14%of ambient PM2.5in Jin-Jing-Ji, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Chengdu-Chongqing area, respectively, is contributed by emissions from outside region. Regional transport of pollutants contributes to more than 45%of annual average PM2.5 concentration in some provinces such as Hainan, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jilin and Jiangxi, and contributes to 37%, 42%and 33%of annual average PM2.5 concentration in Beijing, Tianjin, and Shijiazhuang City.

本文分析了地方试点排污权有偿使用和交易制度取得的阶段性进展,同时指出了其在制度设计和实施机制等方面的不足,提出了进一步强化政策法规、配套体制以及交易机构的建设等建议.

城市环境总体规划是一项重大环境管理制度创新,目前全国已启动了24个城市的环境总体规划编制工作,其中划定环境红线是城市环境总体规划的核心内容.本文结合福州、宜昌、平潭等城市环境总体规划编制实践,首次提出了大气环境红线的技术框架,将大气环境红线划分为源头布局敏感区、污染易聚集区及敏感的环境受体三类,并创新性建立了大气环境红线划定技术方法,初步构建了适用于城市环境总体规划的空间规划技术体系.

The process,measures and effect of Japanese particulate matter pollution prevention is summarized. Japanese experience in particulate matter pollution prevention can cast three enlightenments on China: First,build a management system centered upon air quality; second,strengthen the control on mobile pollution sources; third,promote clean coal utilization technology.

An iterative algorithm was developed to assess the atmospheric environmental capacity governed by air quality targets, based on the third generation air quality model WRF-CAMx and national emission inventory of major air pollutants. The atmospheric environmental capacity of SO2, NOx, primary PM2.5 and NH3 emissions by provinces were calculated with the constrain of annual average ambient PM2.5 concentration standard (GB3095-2012). The results indicated that the national carrying capacity of SO2, NOx, primary PM2.5 and NH3 emissions was 1363.26×104t, 1258.48×104t, 619.04×104t, and 627.71×104t. The actual emissions of SO2, NOx, primary PM2.5 and NH3 in year 2010 were 66%, 81%, 96%, and 52%higher than the carring capacity. The emissions of these four types of air pollutants came from provinces that were severely polluted, such as Henan, Hebei, Tianjin, Anhui, Shandong, and Beijing, were exceeded 100%over its carrying capacity.

<正>当前,我国大气环境形势十分严峻,区域性大气污染问题突出,直接影响经济社会可持续发展与人民群众身体健康。《重点区域大气污染防治"十二五"规划》以京津冀、长三角、珠三角等13个城市群的大气污染防治工作为对象,以解决PM2.5污染问题为重点,要求严格控制主要污染物新增排放量,实施多污染物协同治理、强化多污染源综合管理,着力推进区域大气污染联防联控,切实改善环境空气质量,建设清新蓝天中国。

The article is inclined to introduce an approach based on the generation performance standard(GPS)to allocate the total emissions allowance of the major airpollutants(SO2 and NOx)of the thermal powerindustry developed by the given author.As is known, allocation of the total emissions allowance is an important part of quantitative management of the total emissions. A well-laid-out allocation scheme can be expected to contribute to the effectiveness of the total emissions reduction. According to the current system of the total emission control, we have developed the said approach based on the GPS to allocate the total emissions allowance of the major air pollutants, such as SO2 and NOx in all the branches of the thermal powergeneration industry. The first step for carrying out the approach is to set the target of the total emissions according to the environmental planning or the prejudgment of the new emission source and emission reduction potential.The second step is to determine the total emission allowance for allocation, which has to be lower than the target predicted. And, the third step is to allocate the allowance to the powergeneration plants, enterprises and even the local governments. In doing so, it is necessary to work out all the allowance allocated to each department of the thermal power plantbased on the GPS demands and the expected power generation unit. To put the approach into practice,we have made careful analysis of the most sensitive factors that may influence the rationality of GPS in this paper. And, in turn,we have brought about three calculation methods and the corresponding GPS programs in view of the emission standard, the technical availability and the economic feasibility along with the emission reduction capacity and the stability of the operation. In addition,we have prepared three plans of SO2 and NOx emissions allowance allocation, seeing the difficulty when implementing the goal of generation performance and other relevant policies involving the implementation of the allocation measures. At this, the third plan tends to be necessary for the bestoption because ithelps to putthe mostefficientemission control at the most reasonable cost,which proves to be favorable for developing the emission trading market in a broader view.

2012年全国NOx减排形势有所好转,NOx排放量首次出现"拐点",但下一步减排任务仍然十分艰巨。此外,改善大气环境也亟需加速NOx减排。需要根据分析出的NOx减排存在的四大症结,确定强化目标及中长期目标,进一步强化空间差异化管理,大幅降低行业污染物排放强度,促进减排科学化和精细化管理。

In this paper,Firstly,we summarized the development and latest progress of air quality models,analyzedthe basic characteristics and suitable conditions during different periods and different types;Secondly,we especially described four regulationair quality models ISC3,AERMOD,ADMS and CALPUFF in medium and small scale,and introduced basic principle and characteristic of four air quality model NAQPMS,WRF-CHEM,CAMx and CMAQ in comprehensive regional scale;Thirdly,the main problems of air quality modelsare discussed in the practical application in our country.Finally,we analyzed the necessity forregulation construction of air quality models in our country,and put forward the preconditionsand core contentsof regulation model construction.

The iron and steel industry is an important area in SO2 total emission control.The present paper deep dissects the situation of SO2 emission and control,analyzes the pressure on SO2 emission reduction in iron and steel industry during Twelfth Five-Year Plan in view of emission standard,control effect of SO2 and the increased emission amount,then proposes policies and measures for total emission control of SO2 emission during Twelfth Five-Year Plan on the basis of total emission control system constructing,elimination of backward production capacity,the pollutant sources and production process control,tail gas control,environmental administration,etc.

The National Total Emission Control (NTEC) Program will continue to be implemented during the 12th Five-Year Plan period (FYP, 2011–2015) in China. Two pollutants (SO2 and NOx) are covered by NTEC, of which NOx is a newly added pollutant under control. NTEC requires that the national total SO2 and NOx emissions be reduced by 8% and 10% respectively in 2015 from the levels of 2010. Annual mean SO2, NO2, and PM2.5 (sulfates and nitrates) concentrations in 2010 and 2015 were simulated with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model based on the national source census data and reduction targets in the NTEC Program. Reliability of the simulation results was verified by ground-based observation data and satellite remote sensing data in 113 national key monitoring cities. The air quality improvement from NTEC was also assessed quantitatively. The assessment results indicated that the average SO2 and NO2 concentrations in all cities in 2015 would be reduced by 9.28% and 10.61% respectively from the 2010 levels. The number of cities whose annual average SO2 and NO2 concentrations fail to comply with the national ambient air quality standard will be reduced by 9 and 27 respectively. The PM2.5 simulation results demonstrated that the average sulfate and nitrate concentrations in all cities in 2010 accounted for 20.28% and 17.45% of the PM2.5 respectively. Having considered the emissions reduction effect of SO2 and NOx only, the average sulfate, nitrate, and PM2.5 concentrations in all cities in 2015 will be reduced by 6.25%, 6.04%, and 2.23% respectively from the levels of 2010. However, the annual mean PM2.5 concentration will still exceed the national standard in 77.18% of the cities in China in 2015. These percentages would be as high as 99.70% based on U.S. national standards and 100% based on the World Health Organization's guideline value.

From the view point of externality internalization theory and breakeven analysis theory, the model of denitration electricity pricing is established consisting of fixed cost, variable cost and reduction of pollutant charge. Through extensive investigations on the operation of the denitration installations equipped in 103 existing thermal generating units totaling 43 000 MW, main factors contributing to the denitration cost are summarized, including the installed capacity, the denitrification rate, the construction period and the coal type.Moreover, the denitration cost of SCR and SNCR techniques for different time periods and different installed capacities is calculated. It is concluded that the price of 0.010 yuan/(kW·h) and 0.012 yuan/(kW·h) can be carried out for newly built power plants with SCR techniques and active power plants respectively, while the price of 0.006 yuan/(kW·h) should be adopted for all the power plants with the SNCR techniques. The conclusion may be of great importance to improve the policy for denitration electricity pricing.

<正>我国煤炭消费总量大、地区分布不均衡、消费结构不合理及技术水平低等因素带来了严重的大气污染问题。尤其是京津冀、长三角、珠三角等重点区域,由于煤炭消费和污染物排放过于集中,空气污染问题突出。在重点区域117个地级

To develop a new pattern of air pollution control that is based on the integration of "concentration control, total amount control, and quality control", and in the context of developing national (2011-2015 air pollution control plan for key areas) and (Environmental protection plan of Zibo municipality for the "12th Five-Year Plan" period), a simulation of atmospheric dispersion of air pollutants in Zibo City and its peripheral areas is carried out by employing CALPUFF model, and the atmospheric environmental capacity of SO2, NO(x) and PM10 is estimated based on the results of model simulation and using multi-objective linear programming optimization. The results indicates that the air pollution in Zibo City is significantly related to the pollution sources outside of Zibo City, which contributes to the annual average concentration of SO2, NO2 and PM10 in Zibo City by 26.34%, 21.23%, and 14.58% respectively. There is a notable interaction between districts and counties of Zibo municipality, in which the contribution of SO2, NO(x) and PM10 emissions in surrounding counties and districts to the annual average concentrations of SO2, NO2 and PM10 in downtown area are 35.96%, 43.17%, and 17.69% respectively. There is a great variation in spatial sensitivity of air pollutant emission, and the environmental impact of unit pollutant emissions from Zhoucun, Huantai, Zhangdian and Zichuan is greater than that released from other districts/counties. To meet the requirement of (Ambient air quality standard) (GB 3095-2012), the environmental capacities of SO2, NO(x) and PM10 of Zibo City are only 8.03 x 10(4) t, 19.16 x 10(4) t and 3.21 x 10(4) t, respectively. Therefore, it is imperative to implement regional air pollution joint control in Shandong peninsula in order to ensure the achievement of air quality standard in Zibo City.

In the paper,we analyzed the trends and spatial distribution characteristics of aerosol optical depth,in China by using MODIS products from 2005 to 2012.The results showed that AOD in most of provinces between 2008 and 2010 decreased clearly compared with the mean value between 2005 and 2007,but in 2011-2012 AOD rose again to some extent,in most areas AOD in 2011-2012 is still lower than the mean during 2005-2007.Therefore,the most serious period of aerosol pollutions is 2005-2007.Knowing from the spatial distributionaerosol pollutions are mainly concentrated indensely populated areas or industrialized areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei,Yangtze River Delta,Central China,and Chengdu Chongqing.This research also highlighted the trends of AOD in typical cities including Beijing,Shijiazhuang,Baoding and Xingtai,where AOD is clearly higher than the national average during 2005-2012,and the aerosol pollutions are extremely serious in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei province.