随着两系杂交稻的大面积种植,由白背飞虱传播的南方水稻黑条矮缩病已经成为安徽桐城市水稻上一种常发的病害.自2010年在中稻、晚稻上暴发流行以来,对水稻生产构成严重威胁.文章通过分析2010年-2014年南方水稻黑条矮缩病田间调查和试验结果,介绍了该病在当地的发生现状和发生特点,探讨了水稻不同品种和不同播期对该病的影响,提出了相应的田间防控技术.

In order to find out the suitable climatic conditions for the occurrence and epidemic of southern rice black-streaked dwarf disease(SRBSDD)of mono-season semilate rice(Oryza sativa),the relation-ship between meteorological factors and the disease index at different growth stages of rice was investiga-ted based on the meteorological observation data,Sogatella furcifera population data and disease index data in Tongcheng,Anqing city Anhui province from 2010 to 2013. The results showed that the popula-tion dynamics of Sogatella furcifera and the disease index were varied greatly in four years and the occur-rence and development of SRBSDD of mono-season semilate rice were depended on the weather conditions from June to August. In the case of the presence of the pest insect and susceptible host,high cumulative rainfall,more rain days and high relative humidity in late June to early July would lead to earlier occur-rence of the disease. The average temperature,cumulative sunshine hours and relative humidity in early August were closely associated with the disease prevalence based on the occurrence of the disease. Higher temperature would be conducive to rapid spread of the disease.

南方水稻黑条矮缩病是由传毒媒介白背飞虱传播所致,目前治虱防矮是防治南方水稻黑条矮缩病的重要手段.为寻找防治南方水稻黑条矮缩病的有效方法,研究了不同药剂拌种、秧田期及本田初期喷雾并施用氨基酸肥料等田间防病效果.结果表明,使用70％噻虫嗪种子包衣(2g/kg)于一叶一心期、移栽前2d、移栽后7d、移栽后22 d各喷雾1次后,水稻生长期内秧苗粗壮、叶色浓绿、分蘖增多.该施药方案对白背飞虱防效达77.41％,对南方水稻黑条矮缩病的防效达91.44％,可在生产上推广应用.

为了评价无患子外种皮提取物(以下称无患子提取物)及其与除草剂复配制剂的田间实际除草效果,作者在安徽省桐城市黄甲镇农田开展了无患子提取物及其与甲草胺、噁草酮的4种复配制剂防除玉米田杂草的田间药效试验.结果表明,供试药剂对玉米田主要杂草具有良好的防除效果.在3900～4500 mL·hm-2的用量范围内,施药后15d和30 d,30％无患子提取物水剂对马唐、莎草的株防效分别达82％和87％以上,鲜重防效都迭85％以上;对丁香蓼的株防效达75％以上,鲜重防效达82％以上;对总草的鲜重防效达83％以上.无患子提取物与甲草胺(含量20％)、噁草酮(含量6％)复配,在化学除草剂用量减半的情况下,依然表现出突出的除草效果.无患子提取物与甲草胺复配,在4500mL·hm-2的用量下,施药后15d和30d,对马唐、莎草的株防效分别达90％和94％以上;对丁香蓼的株防效达79％以上;对总草的鲜重防效达88％以上.无患子提取物与噁草酮复配,在3600mL·hm-2的用量下,施药后15d和30d,对马唐、莎草的株防效分别达94％和96％以上;对丁香蓼的株防效达94％以上;对总草的鲜重防效达96％以上.本研究结果对于减少化学除草剂的用量,减少化学农药对环境的污染,在一定程度上降低农产品农药残留风险,具有重要的参考价值,为无患子资源的开发利用,提供了理论依据.

75%拿敌稳用量为15g/667m2、10g/667m2在孕穗末期和齐穗期2次用药对稻曲病的防效为62.47%、62.21%,20g/667m2于孕穗末期用药1次对纹枯病的防效为77.37%,均优于其它处理和对照药剂12.5%井冈.蜡芽菌;对水稻生产安全;对水稻穗期病害控制作用明显,增产率在10%左右。

In May,2001 quarantine insect——Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel was found in the North edge of double-cropping rice in Tongcheng City,Anhui Province.The main results were obtained through the investigation of occurrence principle of Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel.First,the host plants of Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel include rice,barnyard-grass,common cutgrass,pennisetum and brome in Tongcheng.The gramineous plants were only accidental host plants except rice.Second,Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel infested one generation in one year in Tongcheng,and overwintered through adults.The beginning time of overwintering adults is in late March.They make damage after early rice seedlings remove membrane,and diffuse towards field with transplanting of early rice.The adult peak of early rice appears in the mid-May,and the period is about twenty days.The one generation larvaes appear at the end of May,become damage in the mid-June,pupate in succession in the late mid-June.The appearing stage of one generation adults is in the first ten days of July,and the disappearing stage is in middle to late August.Third,the eggs of Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel are laid masses on the leaf sheath of rice base.Each leaf sheath lays 3～4 eggs.Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel diffuses from the edge to the middle of field gradually at the inital stage of early and late double-cropping rice.The space distribution was aggregation during the explosion period and reducement period of adults.The fourth,if adult and hungry pests are provided water,the average life expectancy will be 17.1 d.However the rate will drop to 4.2 d without water.According to the observation,the average life expectancy is 56.5 d.The fifth,compared with the single season rice in northern China and typical double-cropping rice in southern district in China,the occurrence principle of generation and ups and downs of Lissorhoptrus Oryzophilus Kuschel is slightly different.The sixth,the proliferation of speed of Lissorhoptrus Oryzophilus Kuschel can slow down through artificial control,but its range continued expansion.The article advocated a comprehensive management approach to carry out chemical control in suitable period which is on the base of plant quarantine and agricultural control.

The main characteristics of the outbreak of brown planthoppers,Nilaparvata lugens Stl in Anqing in 2006 included large amount of immigrant pests with obvious immigration peaks,earlier occurrence of short-winged adults with large amount,rapid increasing of field population,great occurrence all over the city,breaking out in parts of city,and significant difference of population size among field patches. Based on the above,the main reasons of the outbreak of brown planthoppers were analyzed,which included abundant immigrant pest source as the foundation of the outbreak,the variation of biotypes of brown planthoppers,rich food conditions,the increasing planting area of single-harvest rice which provided good food and habitat conditions for brown planthoppers,and resistance of brown planthoppers to imidacloprid. It was also suggested to strengthen monitoring in different sites,monitoring insectiside resistance and field investigation.

[Objective]The meteorological condition of early warning forecast was developed,which provided a basis for pest control pest. [Method]Field systematic investigation of riceplanthopper numbers in hundred clump in Tongcity of 2005 -2007 was used,the effects of main meteorological factor on occurred degree of were analyzed,suitable meteorological condition and so on level forecast model were established based on the application of Multiple linear regression techniques.[Result]The result showed that a ten-day period average temperature,the period of five days average temperature had the remarkable negative correlation with system investigation of Tongcheng riceplanthopper hundred clump of insect quantity,and demonstrated that the high temperature had inhibitory action on riceplanthopper occurrence,the suitable period of five days average temperature was 20.5℃.Precipitation,precipitation factors and relative humidity and so no factors effected the riceplanthopper occurrence through some kind of combined action mechanism.According to the above,the meteorological condition rank forecast model of Tongcheng riceplanthopper occurrence was Df= INT(0.982 6 -0.097 8X_1 +0.065 3X_2 +0.629 1X_3).[Conclusion]This riceplanthopper meteorological condition rank model had a good suitable ability,through the history fitting and 2008 tested report,the fitting rate is higher,reported test results are good,and reliability,and are available for business application.

31%三拂ME对水稻稻纵卷叶螟高龄幼虫有良好的防治效果,持效达7d以上,药后3d为幼虫死亡高峰期。适宜用量为325.5g/hm2(有效成分)。

2007年桐城市稻纵卷叶螟大发生的特点是:迁入期早、蛾量大、峰次多、卵量大、残虫量大,危害重、主害代前移;主要原因是:降雨影响种群的迁入、适宜温湿度有利稻纵卷叶螟卵的孵化和幼虫取食、各代残留基数大、食料及肥水条件有利、以天敌为主的自然控害能力降低。

<正>2001年以来,安庆市在开展农业植物有害生物疫情普查中发现了稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrus orgzophilus Kusehel)和蔗扁蛾(Opogona sachari(Bojer)1865)。现把这两种检疫性害虫的发生防治与检疫控制措施简介如下。

通过2001年以来对稻水象甲发生规律的研究表明,本地每年发生一代,以成虫越冬。田间虫量由田边向田中间逐步递减,5月上中旬越冬代成虫向早稻回迁飞高峰期是药剂防的关键时期。

本文分析和比较了2005-2007年褐飞虱在安庆发生的虫源、气候、食料条件,认为初迁虫量的多寡在很大程度上影响当年的发生情况,但初迁量小的年份,并不意味着后来发生就轻;对六(4)代前峰而言,回迁虫源可作为补充虫源考虑,但对六(4)代后峰和七(5)代应作为重要虫源条件考虑。气候的适宜与不适宜只是相对的,稻田小生境的影响不容忽视。单季稻面积扩大,从食料和栖境上促成了褐飞虱早期虫量积累和提前暴发。本文还就虫源性质、防治策略、预测和分级标准等进行了探讨。

比较并分析安庆市1997,2005年和2006年褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugehs（Stal）大发生的虫源、气候条件。1997年,迁入期偏早,初迁虫量大,到7月26日止,单灯累计诱量为1228~8698头;7、8月份气温比历史均值低0.2~1.3℃,导致单季稻上基数适温协同暴发型;再迁补充虫源峰次较多,但9月份气温比历史均值低1.0℃,抑制了双季晚稻褐飞虱发生。2005年,迁入期较早,但初迁虫量低,到7月26日止,单灯累计诱量为200~3334头;7月中旬至8月份气温比历史均值低0.4~0.8℃,9月至10月中旬气温比历史均值高1.8~2.2℃,有利褐飞虱发生的气候条件长达3个月;同时,夏、秋季台风暴雨频繁,再迁补充虫源丰富,8月16日~9月25日每侯灯下≥1000头的回迁峰次多达5个,分别比1997年和2006年多1个和2个,导致多代连续重发。2006年,迁入期早,6月底以前的早迁虫量分别是1997年和2005年同期的6.4倍和2.1倍,初迁虫量大,到7月26日止,单灯累计诱量为1595~7181头;虽然7、8月份气温比历史均值高1.0~2.0℃,但单季稻田间小气候适宜,构成单季稻基数暴发型;再迁补充虫源峰次较少,但8月底~9月初短期内大量集中迁入,9月下旬至10月份气温异常偏高,高于历史均值1.5~3.0℃,引起晚稻持续重发。

介绍了褐飞虱大发生特点以及对褐飞虱的防控措施。

褐飞虱在桐城市演变可划分为3个阶段:1971年以前,1972～1982年,1983年至今;灯下迁入期、迁入量、大发生频率、主害代别等在1977～1983年、1984～1991年、1999～2003年均有所不同;20世纪80年代以前六(4)代为主害代,80年代后发生为害盛期提前,五(3)代为主害代;褐飞虱短翅型成虫单季稻田初见期在7月下旬至8月上旬,双晚稻田初见期在8月中下旬至9月上旬;影响褐飞虱发生的主要因素有气象、耕作制度、药剂、迁入量等,品种、天敌对发生量也有一定影响.

2001年5月本地首次发现稻水象甲,经过2年调查监测,摸清其在本地分布区域,明确其每年发生1代,越冬代成虫高峰在5月下旬,1代幼虫高峰在6月下旬,1代成虫直接越冬成为第2年虫源.抓住越冬代成虫高峰开展药剂防治、封锁疫区稻苗外运是控制扩散的关键.

作者于2001～2002年对安徽省桐城市的稻水象甲的分布区域进行了调查和监测.该虫在当地每年发生1代,越冬代成虫高峰出现在5月下旬,当年成虫于8月中、下旬直接越冬成为下一年的虫源;在5月20日左右田间出现成虫明显为害状,水稻植株主要受害期在分蘖期;其寄主除水稻外,还有稗草、李氏禾、狼尾草、雀麦等多种杂草;成虫在田间呈聚集分布型.

介绍了安庆市水稻田杂草防除技术的发展过程及各阶段特点,杂草防除技术研究的主要内容,杂草防除配套技术,指出了水田杂草防除中存在的主要问题,提出了今后对策和建议.

稻水象甲(Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel)是水稻重要检疫性害虫.国内1988年首次发现于河北省唐海县,随后在天津、山东、辽宁、吉林、浙江等省相继发生,2001年5月在有害生物疫情普查中,桐城市发现该虫.