随着研究的深入,心理危机处置由原来的"危机后干预"逐渐转向"危机前预防","预防为主,防治结合"是当前心理危机工作者普遍认同的理念,因此,心理危机的保护性因素逐渐为研究者们所关注.本文回顾了已有的心理危机保护性因素相关研究,总结了当前与心理危机保护性因素相关的经典理论,描述了特质感恩、生存理由、社会支持及自尊等保护性因素对心理危机的影响,并探讨了当前保护因素研究的不足及未来的研究方向.

目的:探索用于军校本科生心理危机预警的关键指标,在个体发生严重恶劣危机事件之前对其进行识别干预,做到防患于未然.方法:采用开放式问卷调查、德尔菲法构建军校本科生心理危机预警的指标条目.以处理过本科生严重心理危机事件的学员队干部为研究对象,采用 自编开放式问卷提取军校本科生心理危机预警初始指标,而后采用德尔菲法对获得的初步指标进行专家咨询,经4轮咨询后取得心理危机关键预警指标.结果:开放式问卷调查得到42条初始预警指标;4轮德尔菲法专家积极系数均为100％,权威程度分别为0.859,0.886,0.863,0.859,Kendall's W 分别为 0.325,0.174,0.118,0.095,P＜0.05,重要性赋值均值分别为 3.897、4.044、4.208、4.252,最终形成应激源、应激反应、易感因素3个维度共11项重要预警指标.结论:专家积极性、权威程度、意见集中程度较高,构建的军校本科生心理危机关键预警指标科学、合理.

Objective To explore the efficacy of Wechat platform-based positive psychology intervention on the well-being in freshmen in military universities. Methods Two stages of experiments were carried out. In the first stage, 67 cadets were subjected from the classroom teaching class of a military university by cluster sampling, and were assigned into an experimental group (n=30) and a control group (n=37) according to their own willing. The participants of the experimental group were asked to follow WeChat official account "Happiness Promotion Training Camp" and write records of "mindfulness meditation", "putting complaints aside" and "three good things" every day, but those of the control group had no such interventions. In the second stage, 161 cadets were sampled as above and autonomously divided into experimental group (n=74) and the control group (n=87). The experimental group followed the official account "Happiness Promotion Training Camp" and recorded "three good things" every day, and the other group received no such intervention. In both stages, Miao Yuanjiang's Multiple Happiness questionnaire (MHQ) was used to evaluate the participants of the 2 groups before and after intervention. Results ① In the first stage, after 4 weeks, the experimental group got significantly higher well-being than the control group, mainly in the dimensions of life satisfaction, health concern and self-worth. ② In the second stage, there was no significant difference in the increase of well-being between the experimental group and the control group after 8 weeks. It may be related to the matching of intervention activities and target groups, the subjects' motivation and the simplicity of intervention activities. Conclusion WeChat platform-based comprehensive positive psychology intervention can improve the well-being of cadets, but the effect of single psychological intervention is not good.

Virtual reality (VR), currently, as one of the most popular computer technologies, has shown a broad applied prospect. In this article, we review the concept and technical features of VR, and summarize its application in the field of military psychological training: psychological relaxation training, cognitive training, psychological resilience training, extraordinary psychological training, post-traumatic growth training, psychological experiment and monitoring and suicide-preventing communication training. We also propose that in the future, we should strengthen our military psychological training based on VR in terms of theory, technology, and knowledge dissemination.

由于军人工作的高风险性与高压力性,其心理危机的发生率也逐渐呈上升趋势,如何防范军人心理危机产生严重不良后果成了各国军队重点关注的问题.近年来,国外军队针对自杀等心理危机进行了大量的研究,发现了众多有意义的危险因素和保护因素,本文回顾了已知的与军人个体心理危机相关的研究,描述了精神健康问题、人际关系问题、童年不良经历、应激性事件、人格易感因素和睡眠障碍等危险性因素及部队凝聚力、社会支持、生命意义和心理弹性等保护性因素对军人心理危机的影响,并探讨了部分因素作为军人心理危机危险因素的适应性及未来的研究方向.

目的:调查分析新冠肺炎疫情期间某高校学员心理状况及行为表现,为做好心理健康教育提供参考.方法:采用自编《疫情期间学员心理调查》问卷,内容包括对新冠肺炎疫情的认知、情绪情感反应、行为表现3个方面.依托问卷星对某高校1796例居家防疫学员进行无记名调查,分析并比较不同学员疫情期间的心理状况及行为表现.结果:(1)对疫情的态度:该组1796例中,48.6％的学员非常关心此次疫情,42.4％的学员比较关心,8.5％的学员有一些关心,仅有0.6％的学员完全不关心.湖北地区学员特别关注疫情者占比显著高于非湖北地区学员(P＜0.05);本科学员非常关心疫情者占比显著高于硕士学员(P＜0.05),与博士学员差异不显著(P＞0.05).(2)疫情期间的心理感受:在积极心理感受中,学员感受最深的是奉献、珍惜、感动和坚持,其次是理解、感恩、祝福和爱;在消极心理感受中,以无聊最为普遍,其次是焦虑、紧张和失望.湖北地区学员与非湖北地区学员积极感受和消极感受占比均差异不显著(P＞0.05);本科学员在疫情期间心理感受到奉献者占比显著高于硕士学员,感受坚持与爱者占比显著高于博士学员(P＜0.05),具有无聊感受者占比非常显著高于硕士学员和博士学员、焦虑感受者占比显著低于硕士学员和博士学员(P＜0.05).(3)居家行为表现:疫情期间,99.4％的学员几乎足不出户,77.0％的学员都能拟定计划且执行.湖北地区与非湖北地区学员基本都可以做到居家防疫,外出者占比差异不显著(P＞0.05);本科学员、硕士学员与博士学员外出者占比也差异不显著(P＞0.05).35.0％的学员对居家生活状态感到满意,20.0％的学员对生活状态不满意.湖北地区与非湖北地区学员对生活状态满意度差异不显著(P＞0.05);本科学员对居家生活“比较满意”占比显著高于博士学员(P＜0.05).结论:新冠肺炎疫情期间,高校学员积极情绪占主导地位,不同地区、不同学历学员在关注疫情发展、情绪感受、行为反应上有一定差异;学校应做实做细相关工作,精准进行心理疏导.

The mental health education course for graduate students is the first step of setting up the postgraduate psychological service system and accomplishing psychological education work. The construction of the general elective course "mental health and happy life" has played a critical role in enhancing students' mental health awareness and improving their psychological adaptability. Further attentions should be focused on continuously promoting the goal of healthy development of students. The key is to optimize their psychological qualities, to cultivate their sunny attitudes, and to improve their happiness ability.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of psychological adaptability of freshmen in military uni-versity and explore the influence of resilience,positive emotion,perceived social support and positive coping style. And provide some information for helping psychological care for freshmen in military university.Methods:A total of 281 freshmen in a certain military university were chosen conveniently in cluster to be investigated with CD—RISC (Connor—Davidson Resilience Scale),positive emotion part of PANAS(Positive and Negative Affect Scale),PSSS (Perceived Social Support Scale),Positive coping style part of SWCQ(Simple Ways of Coping Questionnaire),and a statistical analysis was made.Results:The number of freshmen in medium level of psychological adaptability was the largest.Resilience significantly influenced psychological adaptability(R2=0.423).Conclusion:We can improve person-al psychological adaptability by enhancing resilience of freshmen in military university.There are some unknown fac-tors affecting psychological adaptability need to be research lately.

随着美军遂行多样化军事任务日益繁重,官兵心理压力越来越突出.为维护官兵心理健康,防治心理疾病和预防自杀,美军将官兵心理韧性研究及培育视为重要课题.美国国防部和各军兵种开发的心理韧性培育计划包括军人综合健康计划、空军心理韧性训练计划、海军作战压力控制计划、海军陆战队战斗行动压力控制计划等.美军心理韧性培育计划在执行过程中遇到了一些困难,如缺乏领导支持、缺乏资金支持、缺乏军队适用性、官兵对心理援助存在偏见等.为解决这些困难,美军心理韧性培育计划的研究者和组织者可以从以下几个方面入手:明确心理韧性的定义,把心理韧性纳入条令条例中,将心理韧性培育措施标准化,实施更加严密的心理韧性培育计划效果评估.美军心理韧性培育计划对培育我军官兵心理韧性具有启示意义:培育我军特色心理韧性文化,整合官兵个体、家庭、军队和社会资源,将心理韧性训练融入军事训练之中.

Defining morale's implication is a compex problem. The article points out four questions. Firstly, is it morale's influence or morale it self? Secondly, car it be measured correctly? Thirdly, is it steady in different environment? Lastly, does it influent combat effectiveness?

舆论战是通过舆论传播平台传递信息,作用于受众的思想或心理,争取人心,实现小战大胜或不战而胜.依据信息加工原理,分析研究信息源、信息、媒介和受众这四个要素,是提升舆论战作战功能的必由之路.

加强新形势下军校青年心理服务工作,必须建立满足学员心理需求,适应时代发展的服务体系。以发展性为目标,构建面向全体的教育教学体系,有助于解决全体学员成长中所面临的各种发展性问题;以层次性为目标,构建关注个体的辅导与咨询体系,有助于解决少数学员存在的较严重的适应性问题;以效用性为目标,丰富心理服务工作的方法体系,有助于提升军校心理服务的效果。

军校研究生的创新能力,不仅应具备扎实的专业理论基础和专业技术素养,而且要有良好的创新心理素质作为基础。军校研究生创新心理训练应围绕创新思维、创新人格和健康心理,重点开展观察力、想象力、直觉思维、求异思维、自信心、成就动机、情感品质、意志品质等综合实践项目的训练。

<正>朋辈心理辅导是指年龄相当者对周围需要心理帮助的学生和朋友给予心理开导、安慰和支持,提供一种具有心理咨询功能的帮助,即非专业心理工作者作为帮助者在从事一种类似心理咨询的帮助活动[1]。朋辈心理辅导因具有覆盖面广、简便可行、易于见效、发现问题及时的特点,在西方高校得到了普遍的应用,我国一些高校也已经采用了这种方式。国内不少研究者在理论上对朋辈心理辅导进行了探讨[2-4]。由于军人心理辅导工作起步较晚,到目前为止,专业机构缺乏和专业辅导人员

目的了解大学生的社会支持对主观压力与身心健康的影响,为大学生心理健康教育提供实证依据。方法以大学生日常生活压力调查表、社会支持评定量表和自测健康评定量表为测查工具,在湖南省随机抽取177名大学生进行问卷调查。结果大学生身心健康与主观生活压力呈负相关(β=-1.536,P=0.003),与社会支持相关无统计学意义(β=-0.041,P=0.800)。主观生活压力和社会支持对身心健康影响的交互作用显著(β=1.208,P=0.030),说明社会支持对身心健康没有直接影响,而是通过主观生活压力对其起间接影响。结论大学生的社会支持在主观生活压力与身心健康之间起着正向的调节作用。

Peer counseling has the characteristics of wide coverage,convenience,quick-acting and timely detection of problems.Its characteristics and advantages can make up for the lack of professional psychological counseling in military academy and meet the needs of the cadets and also effectively improve tgheir mental health.In order to better serve the military academy by peer-counseling,we must carry out scientific and standardized training and selection of the peer counselors,through recruitment,selection,training,supervision and other steps.

文章分析了现代心理战的致伤效能,提出了适应信息化条件下战争形态和作战样式的变化,树立预防、主动反应的心理防护理念,构筑全方位心理防护体系的思考。

Effects of new Wuqinxi style on middle and elderly people were explored though experiment with pre-measurement and post-measurement from three dimensions: physical,psychological and social fitness.The results showed that thereis significant effect in the total score after two and half months exercise of new Wuqinxi style,but no significant effect of sex and age.And thereis also no significant effect in physical and social sub-scale,however,significant effect in the psychological subscale.Wuqinxi exercise didn't significantly improve exercisers' ability of attention.The conclusions were that the short-term Wuqinxi exercise significantly influenced exercisers' total score and psychological subscale;and the effects of new Wuqinxi style may be first through the mediator of psychological health,and then act on physical functions.

本研究采用问卷法探讨了教师效能的评价结构,以及人格影响力的变化趋势。结果发现,教师效能包括教学技能和职业特性两种成份,以及方法策略、挑战支持、组织清晰、师生关系、学习价值五个因素。教师人格特质对其自身职业特性和教学技能的影响总体上随年级呈减弱趋势,但有少数人格维度影响力出现反向变化。

立足于提高人才培养质量,在充分考察国际国内应用心理学学科发展现状的基础上,对《应用心理学硕士研究生培养方案》进行了修订。新的培养方案在培养目标、研究方向、课程设置和实践环节等方面进行了凝练、拓展、优化与完善,体现出鲜明的军事特色和科学品位,具有较强的时代性、科学性和可操作性。