The mechanisms of inhibitory effects of Eucommia ulmoides leaf (EUL) extract on prostate cancer were investigated through network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation. Active ingredients of EUL and 118 common targets were retrieved using the TCMSP, UniProt, and DisGeNET. Ten hub genes, including AKT1, BCL2, and MMP9, were identified using Cytoscape. KEGG enrichment analysis identified key pathways, such as the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and the prostate cancer pathway. Molecular docking using AutoDock Vina revealed strong binding affinities between the active components and hub targets. Three active components, quercetin, kaempferol, and (+)-catechin, were detected in the EUL extract using HPLC. In vitro experiments showed that the EUL extract dose- and time-dependently inhibited PC-3 cell viability and invasion, elevated the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, suppressed anti-apoptotic and invasion-associated proteins, and raised the apoptosis rate to 24.48% at 100 µg/mL. SC79 intervention confirmed EUL acted via targeting PI3K/Akt pathway, supporting its potential as a natural anti-prostate cancer agent.

Evidence mapping was used to systematically analyze the clinical research evidence of oral Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH), thus revealing the distribution and quality of evidence in this field. The relevant articles were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to July 5, 2024. The distribution characteristics of evidence were presented numerically and graphically. A total of 35 Chinese patent medicines were identified, involving 261 articles. The basic information of the 35 Chinese patent medicines, publication trend, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndromes, interventions, and outcome indicators were compared and analyzed, and the methodological quality of the articles was evaluated. The results indicated that the clinical scope of Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of ICH was broad. However, the available studies inadequately emphasized the advantages and characteristics of TCM, lacked the safety information and the standards for evaluating outcome indicators, and paid insufficient attention to cognitive ability and neuropsychology. In addition, these articles demonstrated low quality. It is recommended that follow-up clinical research should be standardized and highlight the characteristics of TCM. In the analysis of outcome indicators, TCM syndrome evaluation should be taken as an important outcome indicator, and the evaluation criteria should be unified. Moreover, more attention should be paid to patients' cognitive ability and neuropsychology. The holder of marketing license of Chinese patent medicines should standardize the clinical position and improve the safety information in the medicine instructions according to the relevant requirements of the National Medical Products Administration. Additionally, the proportion of Chinese patent medicines in the category A list of medical insurance should be increased, and the limited medical resources should be rationally allocated.

Evidence mapping was performed to systematically search and review the clinical studies about the treatment of insomnia with Chinese patent medicines. The evidence distribution in this field was analyzed and the problems of the studies were summarized. Chinese-and English-language articles of the studies involving the Chinese patent medicines specified in three national drug catalogs for the treatment of insomnia were searched against the databases with the time interval from inception to August 2023. Figures and tables were established to present the results. Finally, 23 Chinese patent medicines were screened out, which were mentioned in 299 articles involving 236 randomized controlled trials(RCTs), 35 non-randomized controlled trials(non-RCTs), 7 retrospective studies, 17 systematic reviews/Meta-analysis, and 4 guidelines/expert recommendations or consensus. Bailemian Capsules, Wuling Capsules, and Yangxue Qingnao Granules were mentioned in a large proportion of articles. The outcome indicators included sleep rating scale, clinical response rate, safety indicators, and anxiety and depression scores. The results showed that the studies about the treatment of insomnia with Chinese patent medicines were growing. However, there was a scarcity of research evidence, and the available studies were single-center with small sample sizes and short periods. These studies spanned broad clinical scopes with inadequately emphasized advantages of TCM and insufficient outcome indicators about quality of life, follow-up, and recurrence rate. RCT exhibited a high risk of bias, and the systematic reviews/Meta-analysis demonstrated low overall quality. The retrospective studies received suboptimal scores, and the non-RCT failed to mention follow-up time, loss rate to follow-up, and sample size estimations, which compromised result reliability. It is recommended that the research protocol for Chinese patent medicines in treating insomnia should adhere to the clinical research standards of TCM. The TCM syndrome score can serves as a crucial outcome measure, and emphasis should be placed on patients' quality of life, follow-up, and recurrence prevention. Measures should be taken to enhance the accessibility and affordability of Chinese patent medicines and strengthen the connection between medical insurance policies and the policies pertaining to Chinese patent medicines. Furthermore, it is advisable to reasonably increase the inclusion of Chinese patent medicines with well-established efficacy and safety evidence in the category A list of medical insurance.

Objective: The mechanism of Vaccaria segetalis (VS) seeds and Gleditsia sinensis Lam (GS) thorns in the treatment of prostate cancer (PC) was analyzed via network pharmacological analysis methods and molecular docking. Methods: The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database Platform (TCMSP) was used to screen the PC’s effective components and targets; GeneCards and OMIM databases to search for targets related to PC. The intersection target was uploaded to the STRING database to obtain a proteinprotein interaction (PPI) network; and the key targets were screened from the PPI network via R language, CytoNCA, and CytoHubba tools. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment tools were used to analyze biological processes and molecular docking of key targets via AutoDock Vina software. Results: A total of 13 compounds, 229 nodes, 879 edges, and 20 key targets were obtained through the PPI network. Go and KEGG analysis showed that the intersection targets of VS and GS with PC were mainly involved in regulating cell promotion, cell apoptosis, cell cycle, and reversing epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT) processing. Molecular docking revealed that the relevant targets of potential PC were characterized with stabilized affinity. Specifically, the targets with better affinity included estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) with kaempferol, transcription factor p65 (RELA) with fisetin, kaempferol, quercetin, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) with fisetin, and G1/S-specific cyclin-D1 (CCND1) with fisetin, kaempferol, and quercetin. Conclusion: In summary, this study reveals potential molecular therapeutic mechanisms of VS and GS in PC and provides a reference for the wide application of VS and GS in the clinical management of PC.

Background This study was to establish and validate prediction models to predict the cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients with liver metastasis. Methods In the retrospective cohort study, SCLC patients with liver metastasis between 2010 and 2015 were retrospectively retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients were randomly divided into the training group and testing group (3: 1 ratio). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the predictive factors for CSS and OS in SCLC with liver metastasis. The prediction models were conducted based on the predictive factors. The performances of the prediction models were evaluated by concordance indexes (C-index), and calibration plots. The clinical value of the models was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA). Results In total, 8,587 patients were included, with 154 patients experiencing CSS and 154 patients experiencing OS. The median follow-up was 3 months. Age, gender, marital status, N stage, lung metastases, multiple metastases surgery of metastatic site, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy were independent predictive factors for the CSS and OS of SCLC patients with liver metastasis. The prediction models presented good performances of CSS and OS among patients with liver metastasis, with the C-index for CSS being 0.724, whereas the C-index for OS was 0.732, in the training set. The calibration curve showed a high degree of consistency between the actual and predicted CSS and OS. DCA suggested that the prediction models provided greater net clinical benefit to these patients. Conclusion Our prediction models showed good predictive performance for the CSS and OS among SCLC patients with liver metastasis. Our developed nomograms may help clinicians predict CSS and OS in SCLC patients with liver metastasis.

通过对江苏医派的全面了解和研究,本文重点剖析了明清江苏以地域性流派而闻名的吴门医派、孟河医派、山阳医派等医派之特点,分别归纳阐述了吴门医派以温病学说的创立、多世医家族、多御医官医、多医学论著为特点;孟河医派以重经典广临床、遣药和缓轻灵、对医道传授的多样化而闻名;山阳医派则以精研温病进一步完善温病学说、医家著作在民间的广泛流传为特色;龙砂医派以善使运气、重视《伤寒论》六经及经方的运用而名噪医界.彰显了明清江苏医派的成就与风韵,以期为更好地继承、挖掘与推广医派的学术思想与经验提供一定的思路与借鉴.

The present study explored the main active ingredients and the underlying mechanism of Spatholobi Caulisin the treatment of ovarian cancer(OC) by network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro cell experiments. The active ingredients and their predicted targets(AITs) were first acquired online with the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP). Theoretical disease targets(DTs) were obtained through professional databases including GeneCards, OMIM, PharmGkb, TTD, and DrugBank. The common targets in the intersection of AITs and DTs were used for the construction of a "drug-ingredient-disease-target" network by Cytoscape 3.7.1. STRING database was used to construct a protein-protein interaction(PPI) network. R 4.0.5 was used for GO and KEGG functional enrichment analyses. Schr9 dinger Maestro was used to perform and optimize the molecular docking and virtual screening.Twenty-three active ingredients of Spatholobi Caulis were screened out, involving 75 OC targets and 178 signaling pathways.Network analysis revealed that Spatholobi Caulis presumedly exerted an anti-OC effect by acting on key protein targets such as GSK-3β, Bcl-2, and Bax. Molecular docking showed that GSK-3β possessed goodbinding activity to prunetin. In vitro cell experiments preliminarily verified the core targets and pathways of prunetin, the active ingredient of Spatholobi Caulis against human OC SKOV3 cells.CCK-8 assay was used to detect the cell proliferation, and flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of prunetin on apoptosis of human OC SKOV3 cells.The expression of prunetin targets and related regulatory proteins was detected by Western blot.In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that prunetindisplayed significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of OC cells and could induce apoptosis of SKOV3 cells. Western blot showed that prunetin could induce SKOV3 cell apoptosis by inhibiting GSK-3β phosphorylation and regulating the expression of downstream Bcl-2 and Bax proteins. This study reveals the scientific nature of network pharmacology in the prediction and guidance of experimental design, confirming that prunetin can treat OC by blocking the GSK-3β/Bcl-2/Bax cell signal transduction pathway. The findings are expected to provide a basis for the investigation of the mechanism of Spatholobi Caulis in the treatment of OC.

中医药在历代疫病防治中积累了大量经验,形成了完整的疫病防治体系,而外治法在其中更是独具特色.纳入防治疫病外治方剂75首,有如下特色:①命名特色,多以"避瘟""杀鬼"等为名,突出其预防疫疠邪气之作用;②剂型特色,剂型多达11种,除常见的丸剂、散剂、汤剂外,还有锭剂、艾条剂、线香剂、饼剂等多种剂型;③用法特色,用法包括熏烧、佩戴、涂敷、粉身、吹鼻、取嚏、药浴、点眼等多种外用方法;④用药特色,涉及用药共176味,其中用药频次≥5的药物共24味,性味以辛、温为主,且以金石类药物和芳香类药物的使用为特色.此外,还有部分稀见特色用药,值得进一步研究与利用.

Background and Aims: The rapid development of society has resulted in great competitive pressures, leading to the increase in suicide rates as well as incidence and recurrence of depression in recent years. Proprietary Chinese medicines containing Bupleurum chinense DC. (Chaihu) are widely used in clinical practice. This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of oral proprietary Chinese medicines containing Chaihu for treating depression by network meta-analysis (NMA) and exploring the potential pharmacological mechanisms of the optimal drugs obtained based on NMA. Methods: This study searched for clinical randomized controlled trial studies (RCTs) about Chaihu-containing products alone or in combination with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), and cyclic antidepressants (CAS) for depression in eight databases. The search deadline is from data inception to April 2021. For efficacy assessment, the clinical response rate, the Hamilton Depression Scale-17 (HAMD-17), and adverse reactions were calculated. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed for risk of bias following the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, and the data were subjected to NMA via the Stata version 16.0 software. Subsequently, the optimal drug obtained from the NMA results, Danzhi Xiaoyao pill (DZXY), was used to conduct network pharmacology analysis. We searched databases to acquire bioactive and potential targets of DZXY and depression-related targets. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, component-target network, the Gene Ontology (GO), and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were performed by the STRING database, Cytoscape 3.9.0 software, and R version 4.1.2, respectively. Results: Thirty-seven RCTs, with a total of 3,263 patients, involving seven oral proprietary Chinese medicines containing Chaihu, were finally included. The results of the NMA demonstrated that the top four interventions with the best efficiency were Jiawei Xiaoyao + SSRI, DZXY + SNRI, Xiaoyao pill + SSRI, and Jieyu pill + SNRI; the top four interventions reducing HAMD score were DZXY + SNRI, Jiawei Xiaoyao, Jieyu pill, and Puyu pill + SNRI; the top four interventions with the least adverse effects were Jieyu pill, Anle pill + SSRI, DZXY + SNRI, and Puyu pill + SNRI. In the aspects above, DZXY + SNRI performed better than other treatments. After network meta-analysis, we conducted a network pharmacology-based strategy on the optimal drugs, DZXY, to provide the pharmacological basis for a conclusion. A total of 147 active compounds and 248 targets in DZXY were identified, of which 175 overlapping targets related to depression. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that MAPK3, JUN, MAPK14, MYC, MAPK1, etc. could become potential therapeutic targets. The MAPK signaling pathway might play an essential role in DZXY against depression. Conclusion: This is the very first systematic review and network meta-analysis evaluating different oral proprietary Chinese medicines containing Chaihu in depressive disorder. This study suggested that the combination of proprietary Chinese medicines containing Chaihu with antidepressants was generally better than antidepressant treatment. The incidence of adverse reactions with antidepressants alone was higher than that with proprietary Chinese medicines containing Chaihu alone or in combination with antidepressants. DZXY + SNRI showed significantly better results in efficacy, HAMD scores, and safety. The antidepressant effect of DZXY may be related to its regulation of neuroinflammation and apoptosis.

肝系主要包括肝脏及与其相关联的胆、目、筋、爪、肝经、胆经等.基于肝系临床流行病学调查数据,在参考中医古籍及专家意见的基础上,系统梳理、归纳、规范肝系的病位、病性特征症,总结临床上常见的肝系基础证和复合证,为肝系病证的诊断提供参考.

肺系主要包括肺及与之相关联的大肠、鼻、咽喉、皮毛等.通过收集肺系临床病案,在参考中医古籍及专家意见的基础上,系统归纳并规范肺系的病位与病性特征症,总结临床上常见的肺系基础证与复合证,为肺系病证的诊断提供参考.

论述了藏象辨证体系的层进式构建模式,由概念的确立到思维模式的创建,再到辨证体系的构建.并介绍了藏象辨证体系的构建思路与方法:以文献研究为基础,以专家征询为依据,以临床流行病学和循证医学研究为重要手段,遵循"以象测藏、从症辨证"的原则,综合运用多种研究方法,揭示中医辨证的基本规律和基本原理,获取与识别病位、病性特征,把握临床基础证与复合证.最后阐明了创建藏象辨证体系的科学意义、研究特色与原创性.

心系主要包括心及与之相关联的血脉、面、舌、脑络、小肠等.通过收集心系临床病案,在参考中医古籍及专家意见的基础上,系统归纳并规范了心系的病位、病性特征症,总结了临床上常见的心系基础证与复合证,为心系病证的诊断提供参考.

孟河医派作为江苏常州地区极具代表性的地域性医学流派,名医辈出、著作颇丰.自费氏家族起绵延三百余年,出现了以费伯雄、马培之、巢渭芳、丁甘仁为代表的费、马、巢、丁四大家族名医,流传有《医醇剩义》《医学微言》等医学著作三百余部.孟河医派在医学教育、学术创新与传承等方面各有其特色,对中医的现代化发展、中医教育的改革具有深远的影响.该文通过对孟河医派的传承模式及脉络的分析,总结孟河医派的传承特色和影响因素,为江苏省地域流派的传承与研究提供一定的参考与启发.

《孟河四家医集》由张元凯、时雨苍等学者历时数年,经过广征博采整理而成的一部大型医籍.它总结了江苏孟河主要著名医家费伯雄、费绳甫、马培之、巢崇山、巢渭芳、丁甘仁的学术理论和临床经验,体现了孟河医派的主要学术思想和用方经验.本文基于该书通过对孟河医派四大医家相关方剂信息的系统整理,剖析四大医家养生调摄、治疗内伤杂病及外感疫病的治疗思想.医家们在预防调摄时善用药膳,注重药食并补;治疗内伤杂病注重治病求本,强调补益为先;治疗外感时疫遵循三因制宜;具体遣方用药时以和缓轻灵简便为要,创制无名方,善用外治,活用鲜药,快捷廉验使方.

脾系主要包括脾及与其直接相关联的脏腑、官窍、经络等.通过收集大量脾系临床病案,在参考中医古籍及专家意见的基础上,根据脾系统的生理功能和病理特点,系统地阐述、规范了脾系病位、病性特征症,总结了临床上常见脾系基础证与复合证,为脾系疾病证的诊断提供参考.

肾系主要包括肾及与之相关联的膀胱、命门、胞宫、精室、二阴、髓、骨、耳、发、齿等.通过收集大量肾系临床病案,在参考中医古籍及专家意见的基础上,系统地归纳并规范了肾系的病位、病性特征症,总结了临床上常见肾系基础证与复合证,为肾系疾病证的诊断提供参考.

目的:讨论评价基于"远程临床实训"平台的《中医诊断学》混合式教学模式在教学中的应用效果.方法:选取南京中医药大学2018级中医学专业本科学生,将中医184班作为试验组、中医185班作为对照组.试验组课堂教学阶段采取混合式教学模式,对照组采用传统讲授教学模式.在学期末,使用试卷考核、问卷调查等形式对教学效果进行考核,并采用"南琼考试系统N5"对试卷进行分析.结果:客观题型,试验组在A型题(单句型最佳选择题)和B型题(标准配伍题)得分正确率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).主观题型,试验组在简答题和病案分析题的得分率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).学生普遍反映基于"远程临床实训"平台的混合式教学模式能有效提高课堂气氛和学习兴趣,有利于中医诊断思维的形成,有效锻炼学生的诊断技能,有利于对中医认同感和自豪感的共呜.结论:基于"远程临床实训"平台更利于学生加深各个知识及技能的记忆,对知识点的掌握更加精准细致,且能让学生有效灵活运用所学知识应对解释处理临床问题,提高教学质量.

目的 观察桑柏生发剂对脱发患者的临床疗效.方法 选择2015年1月至2016年3月门诊治疗的70例“郁热虫浊”型斑秃及“郁热虫浊”型脂溢性脱发患者中,实际完成研究的60例,随机分为观察组和对照组,各30例.观察组使用桑柏生发剂(获国家发明专利:LZ200810196315.2,由南京中医药大学制药厂精制),对照组使用2％米诺地尔酊外用治疗.观察比较两组用药6个月的综合疗效.结果 治疗6个月后,观察组与对照组总有效率差异无统计学意义(86.67％vs 80.00％,P＞0.05).经桑柏生发剂治疗患者,其淋巴细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+/CD8+呈升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P =0.106,P=0.104),CD4+、CD8+、CD19+和CD16 +/CD56+与治疗前比无明显变化(P均＞0.05);经米诺地尔酊治疗患者,除CD3+高于治疗前(P=0.037)、CD4 +/CD8+呈升高趋势(P =0.052)外,其他各项差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).治疗后,观察组患者CD4+高于对照组(P =0.010),其他各项两组间差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).结论 外用桑柏生发搽剂治疗“郁热虫浊”型脱发与外用米诺地尔酊疗效相近,两种外用药治疗脱发头皮局部炎症不会对全身的免疫指标产生显著影响,且无明显毒副作用.

To investigate the potential mechanism of Puerariae Lobatae Radix in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by network pharmacology and in vitro cell experiment. The main active components of Puerariae Lobatae Radix and their predicted targets were obtained from TCMSP, and the disease targets were obtained from GeneCards database. The disease and drug prediction targets were intersected to select the common potential therapeutic targets. The "compound-target-disease" network diagram was constructed in Cytoscape 3.7.1, and the common targets were input into the STRING database to build the PPI network of proteins interaction. GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on effective targets were performed by using R software. Autodock vina 1.1.2 was used for molecular docking. Finally, the core targets and pathways were preliminarily verified by in vitro experiments. The proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells was detected by CCK-8 and EDU enzyme staining, and the expressions of PTEN, PDK1, Akt and GSK3 were detected by Western blot. In this study, 10 components of Puerariae Lobatae Radix(9 components involved in hepatocellular carcinoma-related targets and signaling pathways), and 149 hepatocellular carcinoma-related targets and 156 signaling pathways were screened out. The results of network analysis indicated that Puerariae Lobatae Radix may play an anti-hepatocellular carcinoma effect on key targets, such as Akt, IL6, MAPK3, EGFR, and key pathways, such as PI3 K-Akt. The results of molecular docking indicated that puerarin, genistein and daidzein had a good binding ability with the key targets such as AKT1, MAPK3, MAPK1 and CASP3, and puerarin had the lowest Vina score with AKT1 and MAPK3 and also similar to them. In vitro cell experiments confirmed that puerarin has a significantly inhibitory effect on the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Western blot results showed that puerarin could increase the phosphorylation of PTEN in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the PTEN/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway, and the phosphorylation level of its downstream Akt decreased. This series of studies confirm that puerarin can treat hepatocellular carcinoma by blocking PTEN/Akt/GSK3β cellular signaling pathway, so as to provide ideas for subsequent studies for the molecular mechanism of puerarin in the treatment of liver cancer.