[目的]通过探索种植密度及施氮水平等关键栽培技术要点,为“群优2号”大面积示范推广提供依据.[方法]以杂交水稻“群优2号”为材料,设施氮水平及种植密度两个因素单独试验,各5个处理3次重复,对产量及其影响因子进行比较分析.[结果]结果表明施氮水平和种植密度对“群优2号”产量及农艺性状的影响较为显著;随着施氮量的增加,有效穗数随之增加,而穗粒数及结实率、千粒重均减少,产量先增加后减少,以施氮量240kg/hm2产量最高,为7944kg/hm2;随着种植密度的增加,有效穗数随之增加,而穗粒数及结实率、千粒重均降低,产量先增加后减少,以种植密度30万蔸/hm2最高,为8178kg/hm2.[结论]“群优2号”品种高产稳产性较好,以施氮量240kg/hm2和种植密度30万蔸/hm2能获得较高产量.

[目的]以杂交水稻甬优1540为材料,研究了施氮量和移栽密度对水稻产量的影响,为杂交水稻甬优1540的大面积推广奠定基础.[方法]采用裂区设计,主区处理为施氮量(N),副区处理为移栽密度(D).主区、裂区均随机排列,每个处理3次重复.[结果]施氮量对有效稳数、每穗总粒数的增加有正效应,对结实率、千粒重的提高有负效应;栽插密度对每穗总粒数、结实率的增加有负效应;产量随施氮量和密度的增加均呈现先增加后减少的趋势,密度比施氮量效应更显著.[结论]施氮量和移栽密度及其交互作用对甬优1540产量及其主要产量性状如每穗总粒数、结实率均具有显著影响,实现水稻最高产量的组合为施氮量240kg/hm2,栽插密度25.5万蔸/hm2,产量高达9.63t/hm2.

通过不同施氮量和移栽密度双因子裂区试验,研究了施氮点和移栽密度对杂交水稻新组合博Ⅲ优869产量及构成因子的影响.结果表明,在本试验条件下,实现博Ⅲ869最高产量的组合为施氮量240 kg/hm2,栽插密度28.5万/hm2,产量达8.10t/hm2.

研究了在大田生产机械收获条件下,甘蔗品种、种植行距和倒伏甘蔗等农艺因素对机收蔗蔸质量的影响.结果表明:甘蔗品种对机收蔗蔸质量有明显影响,表现为品种脱叶性较好的蔗蔸留茬高度较小、品种纤维分含量较高的蔗蔸破头率较低,品种的脱叶性对蔗蔸破头率、纤维分含量对蔗蔸留茬高度的影响没有明显规律；在1.0～1.3m种植行距范围内,随着行距加大,蔗桩开裂长度明显减小,蔗蔸的地下总芽数、低位芽数和活芽数则显明增加,1.2～1.3m种植行距的机收蔗蔸质量优于1.0～1.1m种植行距；与不倒伏甘蔗比较,倒伏甘蔗的蔗蔸留茬高度和蔗蔸破头率都显著提高,提出了选用抗倒性强品种和增强蔗株抗倒力,有利于提高机收蔗蔸质量的做法.

In the late season,a field experiment was conducted with different transplanting densities(19.5×104,22.5×104,25.5×104,28.5×104,31.5×104 hills/hm2) and nitrogen fertilizer rates(180,225,270,315 kg/hm2 N) by using a super high yielding indica rice,Yongyou 6 as material.Results showed that the maximum tiller number increased with the nitrogen fertilizer rate or transplanting density increase.The panicle forming rate was first increased and then decreased with the nitrogen fertilizer rate increase,while the panicle forming rate decreased significantly with the transplanting density increase.Meanwhile,improving nitrogen fertilizer rate or improving transplanting density increased rice yield,but as over-fertilizer or density,rice yield decreased.The results also indicated that there was interaction significantly between nitrogen fertilizer application rates and transplanting densities on the yield components and grain yield of rice.In the present study,the highest yield was recorded in the treatment with 270 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer and 25.5×104 hills/hm2 transplanting density.

This experiment is designed with four planting row widths of 1.0,1.1,1.2 and 1.3 m,with mechanical harvesting,to study the effects of mechanical harvesting on the ratoon cane and soil bulk density.The result shows that mechanical harvesting has different effects on different planting row width,ratoon cane buds of underground and sugarcane stubble cane cracking.The total bud numbers of 1.2 m and 1.3 m treatments are significantly higher than that of 1.0 m and 1.1 m treatments,but the differences between 1.0 m and 1.1 m treatment and 1.2 m and 1.3 m treatment are not significant.The rate of vitality bud of upper bud is significantly lower than that of the under part buds,but the bud numbers of under part of 1.2 m and 1.3 m treatments are significantly higher than that of 1.0 m and 1.1 m treatments.Root vigor of sugarcane ratoon increases with the increase of planting row width.Mechanical harvesting has different effects on the soil bulk density of different planting distance from stubble,planting row width and different soil layers.In the place of 5 cm from stubble,soil bulk density of soil layer above 20 cm increases with the increase of planting row width,while in the place of 10-20cm from stubble,the difference of soil bulk density between the planting row width treatments is not significant.

[Objective]Effects of mechanical harvesting on the growth of ratoon cane were discussed to promote sugarcane mechanical harvesting.[Method]The sugarcane varieties Funong15,Liucheng03/182,Ganzhe18 and Yuetang 00/236 were harvested mechanically and manually on 29th December,2009.The trash of Yuetang 00/236 was returned to the field.Next February,the ratoon canes were fertilized and weeded.The nitrate reductase activity,and soluble protein and chlorophyll content were recorded in leaves(+1) of ratoon crop at every 5th day of each month from July to October,2010.Agronomic traits,yield,and sucrose content were recorded on 21st December,2010.[Result]The nitrate reductase activity,soluble protein and chlorophyll content,stem length,stem diameter,single cane weight,available cane quantity,yield and sucrose content in mechanically harvested canes were found slightly different from those harvested manually.While in variety Yuetang 00/236,the results of mechanically harvested canes were somewhat better than those harvested manually.[Conclusion]Mechanical harvesting did not affect the growth of ratoon cane significantly.It gave better results when the trash in mechanically harvested canes was returned to the fields.

[Objective]This experiment was aimed to find out the optimal row spacing for mechanically harvested in sugarcane plantations in order to decrease the damage to sugarcane stubble and plant-soil environment,and to improve harvesting efficiency and economic benefits.[Method] Different planting row spacing(1.0,1.1,1.2 and 1.3 m) was used in sugarcane planting and sugarcane was harvested manually as well as mechanically.After harvesting,the underground bud growth,cracking degree of sugarcane stubble and agronomic and physiological parameters were investigated at seedling stage.[Result]Data showed that mechanical harvesting impacted on underground buds of ratoon cane and sugarcane stubble cracking to some extent,in particular the mortality rate of upper buds was higher compared to that in manual harvesting.Sprouting of ratoon cane was not affected by mechanical harvesting.In mechanical harvesting treatment,chlorophyll content in leaf +1 was higher than those in manual harvesting,while root activity was generally lower in mechanical harvesting compared to that in manual harvesting.In mechanical harvesting treatment,the row spacing of 1.2 m influenced sugarcane stubble cracking most slightly and recorded low mortality rate of upper and lower buds,the highest number of sprouting,and high chlorophyll content and root activity.[Conclusion] Mechanical harvesting resulted in greater stubble cracking degree and higher damages to upper buds,however,both problems were reduced significantly with gradual increase in row spacing.The row spacing of 1.2 m was found suitable as it not only enhanced the efficiency of mechanical harvesting,but also improved the shoot growth of ratoon cane.

The experiment was conducted with the traditional manual harvesting and mechanical harvesting of sugarcane,to compare the effects of different harvesting method on the sugarcane stubble quality and the growth of ratoon.The experimental results are as follows.(i) The stubble height and breaking stubble rate of mechanical harvesting was significantly higher than manual harvesting,the stubble height of lodging species and difficult defoliation species increased in mechanical harvesting condition.Varieties with higher levels of fiber had lower rate of broken stubble.(ii) The effects of mechanical harvesting on germination of next year ratoon were quite different due to different varieties,indicating that the better perennial species have less impact than the poor perennial species.(iii) Compared with manual harvesting,mechanical harvesting had slightly higher plant height and single-stem weight and less effective stems number,the difference of cane yield was not significant,but sucrose content increased 0.53%.(iv) Mechanical harvesting combining with leaves crushing could reduce the impact on the germination of ratoon,improve the single-stem weight and increase the effective number of stems.

广西秋、冬旱常年发生,蔗地土壤水分不足是影响翌年宿根蔗发株及生长的主要原因之一.本试验采用对比法设计,在秋季干旱条件下,对生长中后期的新植蔗进行微喷灌处理,并以不喷灌为对照(CK),探讨微喷灌处理对翌年宿根蔗发株和生长的影响.研究结果表明,微喷灌处理具有促进翌年宿根蔗地上部生长的作用,表现为发株早、发株数多、发株率高,同时株高、假茎粗、单株干重极显地著优于CK;微喷灌处理对宿根蔗根系生长的影响表现为促进粗根形成和提高蔗根含水量,但根长较CK短,根系的纵向生长不及CK,对根条数的影响不明显.研究中还发现,微喷灌处理的蔗株粗细较一致,株高生长个体间差异则较大.

The experiment has been conducted to study the effects on root system,population succession,yield com-ponent and the yield of rice in ridged aerobic cultivation system and its comparison with the traditional cultivation.The re-sults indicated that ridged aerobic cultivation enhanced the biomass of rice root system at all growth stages by 5.46%-11.18% compared to the control,significantly increased the proportion of roots biomass in 10-20cm and 20-30cm soil lay-ers to the total roots biomass and the root vitality after heading,and also increased the root/shoot ratio,promoted the tillers,increased the effective panicles,seed setting rate and yield significantly.The yield of rice with ridged aerobic culti-vation increased by 637.5kg/ha with an increase rate of 9.48%.

文章论述了从甘蔗收获机械化的必要性及甘蔗种植行距对甘蔗产量的影响,并从调整行距和播幅,增加甘蔗蔗种排列行数,完善蔗叶粉碎还田机械化技术,提高宿根蔗的管理水平等方面探讨了与机械化收获相配套的种植技术.

The adaptability experiment of introduced super hybrid rice variety Yongyou 6 was conducted in Nanning in 2007-2008.The results of plot and field experiments showed that Yongyou 6 was characterized by early maturing,large panicle,high yield,good grain quality,resistance to lodging and diseases,etc.The whole growth duration of Yongyou 6 was 115-120 days,and was five and ten days earlier than that of the controls Boyou 253 and Zhongzheyou 1,respectively.The average yield was 8731.5kg / hm2 and increased by 10.2% compared to the control Boyou 253.Moreover,the location of increasing yield was 85% in the experiment,and Yongou 6 had the potential of super high yield and suitable for planting as late rice in Nanning.The key cultivation measures included cultivation by cast-transplanting of young seedlings,promoting root for vigorous tillers,high fertilizer with water control,and so on.

利用冬马铃薯收获后遗留的种植畦进行水稻免耕稻草覆盖直播栽培和免耕抛栽两种栽培方式对水稻根系、群体消长、产量构成因素及产量的影响试验.结果表明,免耕稻草覆盖直播栽培水稻的根系生物量在整个生育期均显著高于免耕抛栽处理,增幅达3.44%～7.26%,同时还显著增加了10～20cm、20～30cm+层的根系比例,提高了整个生育期的根系活力,促进了水稻分蘖的发生,显著提高了水稻的有效穗数及产量,每公顷可比免耕抛栽增产387kg,增产5.25%.

In the experiment,winter-planting potato variety Feiwuruita was used to compare the effects of four different cultivation modles on the soil temperature,moisture and yield formation.The results showed that for all treatments,in emergence stage different soil lager temperature of conventional model was the highest;in seedling stage,the treatment of no-tillage cover straw and no-tillage cover straw + black plastic rear cover was the highest.The soil moisture content of no-tillage cover straw was the most stable.The emergence rate of conventional model was the highest.The weight of dry matter yield of no tillage cover staw was the highest.Therefore,the cultivation methods of no-tillage cover straw or no-tillage cover straw + black plastic rear cover could improve potato production significantly.

Different thickness of straw mulches(4,8 cm) with transparent or black plastic membrane were designed in the experiment to study the effect of different covering treatments on the agronomic performances and quality of potato with no-tillage.The results indicated that effects of straw mulches with different thickness(4,8 cm) were significantly different.Compared with 4 cm rice straw mulch,tubers per plant and yield of 8 cm rice straw mulch were higher but green tuber proportion,germination rate and number of plant were lower,while other parameters were no difference;When mulching 4 cm rice straw added plastic membrane,tubers per plant and yield were significantly increased,and mulching 8 cm rice straw added plastic membrane,germination rate,number of plant and yield were significantly decreased;added plastic membrane could reduced green tuber proportion significantly,and effect of the black plastic membrane was better than that of the transparent plastic membrane

广西地处祖国南疆,属亚热带季风气候,光温资源十分丰富.马铃薯在广西已有100多年的栽培历史,农民早形成了种植马铃薯的习惯.发展冬种稻草覆盖免耕马铃薯是一项充分发挥我区冬闲田温光资源优势,满足市场需求的优势产业.

2007年3月15日.我国农业部有关领导和专家在研讨全国马铃薯产业发展规划时提出.全国马铃薯种植面积要由目前的533万hm2 发展到1000万hm2 .发展重点要放在南方冬作区[1].广西作为典型的马铃薯冬作区[2],面临着难得的发展机遇.广西地区种植马铃薯历史悠久,气候适宜,冬闲田面积大,土质疏松肥沃,有利于马铃薯的生长发育.发展冬种免耕稻草马铃薯是一项充分发挥我区冬闲田温光资源优势、满足市场需求的优势产业.也是我区农业结构优化调整的重要内容.已成为我区广大农民群众增收致富的新亮点,是发展马铃薯产业的重大技术革新.

In the experiment,winter-planting potato variety Zaodabai was used to compare the effects of five different cultivation models on the chlorophyll content in leaves,root activity,nitrate reductase activity in leaves of potato,etc.Five different cultivation models included conventional cultivation model,micro-tillage with rice straw covering,no-tillage with rice straw covering,no-tillage with rice straw and common plastic film covering,no-tillage with rice straw and black plastic film covering.The results showed that the content of chlorophyll,the activities of nitrate reductase,sucrose invertase and amylase in leaves and root activity for micro-tillage with rice straw covering were relatively higher at different stages,that of conventional cultivation model was lower,and that of other treatments had no obvious difference.Moreover,conventional cultivation model made the plants be prone to premature senescence.Therefore, micro-tillage with rice straw covering model was suggested for winter-planting potato in clay loam soil,and conventional cultivation model for sandy loam soil,which were beneficial to regulate the physiological metabolism process of potato plant,and improved the yield and quality of potato.

春花生每公斤种子用稀土豆粒宝9毫升拌种,比对照增产9.46%;每公顷叶面喷施稀土豆粒宝1050～1275毫升,比对照增产9.91%～10.02%.