Objective To explore prognostic risk factors and develop a prognostic index (PI) for non-smoking, non-drinking females (NSNDF) with oral cancer in Fujian province, and to provide evidences for prognosis prediction and individualized treatment of NSNDF with oral cancer. MethodsWe conducted a follow-up study among 657 NSNDF with pathologically confirmed primary oral cancer firstly diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University during a period from January 2008 through August 2018. Face-to-face interview with International Cancer of the Head and Neck, Genetics and Environment (InterCHANGE) and follow-ups of every 6-month till the end of 2018 were carried out among the NFNDF. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze prognostic risk factors and the PI model was constructed based on the β value of the established multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model. ResultsAmong all the NSNDF, the overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year cumulative survival rate were 91.81%, 80.02% and 69.34% during the follow-up period of 31 584.60 person-months. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis revealed that aged ≥ 60 years, with the IV stage of tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging, without surgical treatment, with a higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and with a higher platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were prognostic risk factors for the NSNDF. The 5-year survival rates were 84.66%, 65.18% and 24.34%, respectively, for the NFNDF with low, medium and high PI score. Compared with those with low PI scores, the mortality risk increased for the NFNDF with medium PI scores (hazard risk [HR] = 2.264, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.507 – 3.402) and high PI scores (HR = 6.564, 95% CI: 4.013 – 10.737). A significant inverse correlation between PI score and mortality risk was observed (χ2trend = 55.06, Ptrend < 0.001). The established PI model is of good performance in prognosis prediction, with the concordance index of 0.677, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.624, and the Akaike information criterion of 1 566.398, respectively. ConclusionAge, TNM stage, surgical treatment, NLR and PLR are independent influencing factors for the prognosis of NSNDF with oral cancer in Fujian province. The established PI could be used well to predict the prognosis for the NSNDF with oral cancer.

[背景]国内外正己烷的毒理学主要研究方向在神经系统毒性,对肝肾毒性研究较少.正己烷的主要代谢器官是肝脏,主要排泄器官是肾脏.正己烷暴露是否影响肝肾功能以及可能的机制,是值得探究的问题.[目的]观察正己烷亚急性吸入染毒致雌性大鼠的肝肾毒性,初步探讨其可能机制.[方法]将40只雌性SD大鼠随机分为4组,设1个对照组和3个染毒组,分别静式吸入0、4212、12637,37910mgimV3正己烷,每天4h,连续染毒28d.测定染毒后大鼠体重和肝肾脏器系数.观察肝脏和肾脏组织病理学改变.测定血清中丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)的活力,以及血清肌酐(Scr)和尿素氮(BUN)的含量.采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测肝脏中CYP1A2基因和肾脏中CHOP基因的mRNA表达水平.[结果]与对照组相比,37910mg.mV3正己烷组大鼠体重下降(P＜0.05),各染毒组肝脏和肾脏的脏器系数变化无统计学意义(P＞0.05).随着染毒剂量升高,光镜下大鼠肝脏和肾脏组织可观察到明显的病理损伤.与对照组比较,37910mg_mT3正己烷组血清AST活力升高[(93.63±6.84) U·L-1 vs (72.88±11.59) U-L1,P＜0.05];各染毒组中血清的Scr和BUN的含量变化无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与对照组比较(1.00±0.06、1.00±0.04),各染毒剂量组肝脏组织CYP1A2 mRNA的水平表达下调(0.01±0.00、0.08士0.07、0.14±0.09,P＜0.05),肾脏组织CHOP mRNA的水平均上调(2.22±0.19、2.05士0.02、2.95±0.28,P＜0.05).[结论]正己烷亚急性暴露引起雌性大鼠肝脏损害并可能触发大鼠肾组织内质网应激反应,可改变肝脏CYPIA2和肾脏CHOP的mRNA表达.

Objective: To explore the relationship between selenium and the risk for oral cancer. Methods: We performed a case-control study in 325 cases of newly diagnosed primary oral cancer from the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University and 650 controls from the same hospital and community. Unconditional logistic regression and stratification analyses were used to explore the association between selenium and oral cancer. Adjusted OR and corresponding 95%CI were calculated. The analyses on multiple interactions between selenium and smoking or drinking status, and fruit or fish intake frequencies were conducted. Results: The level of serum selenium was 112.42 (80.98-145.06) μg/L in the case group, which was lower than 164.85 (144.44-188.53) μg/L in control group, the difference was statistical significant (P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between serum selenium level and the risk for oral cancer regardless of smoking and drinking status, and fruits and fish intake frequencies (P<0.05). There were multiple interactions between serum selenium level and smoking or drinking status, and fruit and fish intakes. Conclusions: The high level of serum selenium is a protective factor for the incidence of oral cancer, and serum selenium has multiple interactions with smoking or drinking status, and fruit and fish intakes. Therefore, reducing tobacco use and alcohol consumption and increasing the intakes of fruit and fish can reduce the risk for oral cancer to some extent.

新形势下如何提升预防医学专业实践技能是公共卫生教育领域的核心问题.我校通过构建包括基本技能训练、公共卫生现场综合模拟实践、毕业论文实习、大学生创新创业训练项目、社会实践等多维度的培养体系,探索实践技能培养的新模式.该培养模式使学生综合实践能力得到较好的锻炼,综合素质得以提升.

Objective To explore the association of allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-l) gene polymorphisms, body mass index (BMI) and their interactions with susceptibility to oral cancer. Methods A case-control study including 300 patients with pathologically confirmed oral cancer from September 2010 to December 2016 and 445 cancer-free controls was performed. The genotypes were determined by TaqMan genotyping assay. Unconditional Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95％ confidence intervals (CI) to assess the association of AIF-1 gene polymorphisms, BMI and their interactions with susceptibility to oral cancer. Results In the co-dominant genetic model (OR =0.522, 95％ CI: 0.319-0.855) and the recessive genetic model (OR=0.573,95％ CI: 0.368-0.893), subjects carrying GG genotype of rs2857595 had significantly reduced risk of oral cancer, respectively. Moreover, GG genotype was a clear protective factor in male, individuals with BMI≥24.0 kg/m2, and smoking and non-drinking subgroups. By contrast, BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 was a risk factor of oral cancer, and BMI≥24.0 kg/m2 reduced the risk of oral cancer. In addition, statistical analysis suggested an interaction between AIF-1 rs2857595 polymorphism and BMI. Conclusions This study suggests that AIF-1 rs2857595 polymorphism and BMI≥24.0 kg/m2 may be protective factors for oral cancer. And there may be a multiplicative interaction between AIF-1 and BMI.

目的 了解福州市市售稻米镉污染基本状况,为食品安全监管决策提供参考.方法 2016年9月至2017年3月,对福州市市售稻米随机抽样,共采集有效样品106份,用质谱仪测定样品稻米中镉的含量,分析超标率及分布情况.结果 106份样品中籼米43份、糯米17份、粳米46份,稻米镉含量中位数0.045 mg/kg(0.003～0.519 mg/kg);稻米镉含量达标率为90.6％(96/106,国家食品卫生标准镉限值为0.2 mg/kg);籼米的达标率(76.7％,33/43)低于糯米(100.0％,17/17)和粳米(100.0％,46/46)的达标率;省内、省外稻米达标率分别为81.8％(18/22)和92.9％(78/84),两者差异无统计学意义;产自北方的稻米达标率(100.0％,44/44)高于南方(83.9％,52/62).结论 籼米可能是福州市市售稻米镉含量超标的主要稻米品种.食品安全监管部门应加强对南方主产稻米,特别是籼米的镉污染监督和监测.

Objective To investigate the pollution status of heavy metals in marine shellfish and evaluate the health risk for residents living in the coastal area of Fujian provice.Method A total of 128 marine shellfish samples (oyster,sinonovacula constricta,ruditapes philippinarum,and mytilus edulis) were collected from four coastal cities (Xiamen,Putian,Fuzhou,and Ningde) in June 2016.The contents of Cd,Cr,Cu and Pb were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry,and the total content of Hg was detected by Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry.The pollution status of heavy metals was evaluated by single factor index (Pi) and integrative index (Pc),and the health risk for marine shellfishes intake was assessed using provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWIABW).Result In total of 128 samples of marine shellfish,Cd,Cr,Cu were found exceeding the standard,and Cu exhibited the highest over-standard rate,followed by Cr and Cd.The Pi values suggested mild pollution of Cd and Pb,as well as moderate pollution of Cu in oyster,while mild pollution of Pb in sinonovacula constricta and Cd in mytilus edulis was also assesed.The Pc values suggested mild pollution in oyster and mytilus edulis.Health risk assessment showed that Cd intake from oyster and mytilus edulis exceeded the PTWIABW by 44.905% and 6.019%,respectively.Conclusion Mild to moderate pollution of heavy metals were detected in some marine shellfish in Fujian coastal cities,and potential health risks of Cd exposure by marine shellfish intake existed in residents in the coastal area.

目的 报道微囊藻毒素(MCs)检测方法,调查福州市售水产品MCs污染情况.方法 于2015年夏季采集福州市售8种水产品44份,用固相萃取-高效液相色谱法,检测水产品中微囊藻毒素MC-LR、MC-RR、MC-YR含量.结果 检测的44份水产品样品中,MCs检出率为27.3％(12/44);在花蛤、贻贝、田螺、鲫鱼、鲢鱼、草鱼样品中均有检出,以贝类污染率较高;MCs污染检出率9月(41.7％)高于7月(5.0％).结论 福州市售水产品存在微囊藻毒素污染,应加强对养殖水源污染的防治.

[目的]调查福建沿海市售海产贝类中微囊藻毒素[MCs(MC-RR、MC-YR、MC-LR)]的污染状况.[方法]于2015年夏季分别在福建省厦门、莆田、福州、宁德等四个沿海城市采集市售4种海产贝类(花蛤、紫贻贝、螠蛏、牡蛎)共80份,采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列法测定海产贝类中MC-RR、MC-YR、MC-LR含量,并对不同城市海产贝类污染状况进行比较. [结果]检测的80份海产贝类样品中,MCs的总体检出率分别为50％、69％、44％,4个地区MC-LR检出率差异有统计学意义(x2=20.064,P＜0.001).4个地区的海产贝类全部检出MC-YR,4个地区的螠蛏、牡蛎中均检出三种MCs.宁德地区螠蛏平均总MCs污染水平最高,为0.312 μg/g,莆田地区牡蛎平均总MCs污染水平最高,为0.316 μg/g.[结论]福建沿海城市市售4种海产贝类存在不同程度的MCs污染.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of different drinking water on hepatic and renal function and zinc and iron concentrations of different organs in mice.METHODS:Zinc and iron concentrations were measured in pure water, tap water, mineral water and filtered tap-water, respectively. 80 ICR mice (half male and half female) were randomly divided into four groups and fed with pure water (control group), tap water, mineral water and filtered tap-water, respectively. After 90 days, blood samples were taken from the eyeballs of mice. The contents of serum ALT, TP, BUN, UA and Cr were analyzed. Then mice were killed and livers, kidneys, hearts, pancreas, brains were removed immediately to determinate zinc and iron concentrations. Simultaneously morphological changes of liver and kidney paraffin section were observed.RESULTS:Contents of serum Cr in filtered tapwater group (36. 00 ± 8. 83 µmol/L) were lower than those of pure water group(44. 83 ± 12. 64 µmol/L), tap water group (44. 56 ± 10. 52 µmo/L) and mineral water group (43. 79 ± 10. 53 µmol/L) (P < 0. 05). The zinc concentrations of livers and kidneys (33. 17 ± 6. 18 and 16. 69 ± 8. 12 µg/g) in pure water group was lower than that of filtered tap-water group 45. 31 ± 7. 32 and 22. 61± 6. 01µg/g) P < 0. 05). A significant negative correlation (r = - 0. 300) emerged between the serum Cr and the zinc concentration of kidney in mice P < 0. 05). CONCLUSIONN: Long-term drinking filtered tap-water is beneficial to the glomerular filtration barrier, and it may be related to the increase of zinc levels in kidney.

分析预防医学教学实验室管理过程中的特点与安全隐患，提出加强化学试剂和生物样品的安全管理，加强仪器使用培训和管理，加强安全培训，定期检查维护，进行应急预案的实地演练，并运用现代科技手段改善实验室安全管理。

OBJECTIVE:To study the effects and mechanism of microcystin LR(MC-LR)on oxidative damage and apoptosis in rat ovarian granulosa cells. METHODS:After 48 h exposure to MC-LR at 0,10,20 and 30μg/mL,the level of intracelluar reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and MDA in culture medium,apoptosis and the mRNA changes of Bax and Bcl-2 expressions were evaluated. RESULTS:After MC-LR exposure at the dosage of 10,20 and 30μg/mL for 48 h,the T-SOD activity was significantly suppressed (P<0.05). The concentrations of ROS and MDA in the 20 μg/mL and 30μg/ml groups were significantly reduced (P<0.05) when compared with control group. The correlation coefficient between dosage of MC-LR and ROS was 0.925(P<0.01),between dosage of MC-LR and MDA was 0.811(P<0.01),between dosage of MC-LR and T-SOD was-0.865(P<0.05). Cell assay indicated that the expression of Bax was up-regulated(P<0.05) and Bcl-2 down- regulated (P<0.05). The correlation coefficient between dosage of MC-LR and Bax was 0.972(P<0.01),between dosage of MC-LR and Bcl-2 was -0.972 (P<0.01). CONCLUSION:MC-LR was capable of inducing oxidative damage of rat granulosa cells in vitro. MC-LR could cause apoptosis and changes in the expresons of Bax and Bcl-2.

Objective To examine effects of bisphenol A(BPA) on the development of ovary in immature rats.Methods Totally 48 Wistar male rats(4 weeks old) were randomly divided into a vehicle(olive oil) control and 3 different dosage BPA(10,40,and 160 mg/kg) treatment groups.All rats were treated by intraperitoneal injection one time a day for 8 days.The rats were sacrificed after the last weighing.Ovarian wet weight and ovarian/body weight ratio were examined.The contents of estrogen and progesterone in serum were detected.The numbers of ovarian follicle at different development stage were counted by serial section.Results Compared with the control group(0.71±0.126),the ovarian/body weight ratios were reduced in 40 and 160 mg/kg groups(0.45±0.109,0.36±0.196)(P0.01).The contents of estrogen in serum showed no significant change compared with the control group(P0.05),but the contents of progesterone in 40 and 160 mg/kg groups(10.54 nmol/L,12.93 nmol/L) changed significantly compared with those of the control group(43.65 nmol/L)(P0.01).In BPA treatment groups,primordial/secondary follicles were significantly lower and atresic follicles were significantly higher in 40 and 160 mg/kg groups(P0.01).Conclusion The development of ovary could be depressed by BPA in immature rats.One of the mechanisms may be the increase of follicular atresia induced by BPA.

Objective To study the effect of nonylphenol(NP) on rats' prostatic index,histopathologic changes and the levels of sexual hormones level in serum;at the same time,to investigate whether soybean isoflavones(SI) has protective effect for NP's.MethodsIn this study,we exposed fifty healthy Wistar rats to 25.0 mg/kg NP,25.0 mg/kg NP+50.0 mg/kg SI,25.0 mg/kg NP +100.0 mg/kg SI,100.0 mg/kg SI in vitro for 30 days,the control group exposed to olive.After the treatment,the prostate wet weight,prostatic index and morphological changes and the serum hormones were observed.ResultsThe anterior lobe wet weight of prostate and organ coefficient in rats in group 25.0 mg/kg NP were significantly higher than those in olive group;and the anterior lobe wet weight and prostatic index in 25.0 mg/kg NP+50.0 mg/kg,25.0 mg/kg NP +100.0 mg/kg SI were significantly lower than those in 25.0 mg/kg NP group(P0.05);The serum E2 levels in each treatment group were lower than those in the olive group(P0.05 or P0.01);the serum testosterone(T) and E2/T in all exposed groups(except group 100 mg/kg SI)were significantly higher or lower respectively than that in the olive group(P0.05 or P0.01);the level of E2 and E2/T ingroup 25.0 mg/kg NP+50.0 mg/kg and 25.0 mg/kg NP +100.0mg/kg SI were significantly higher than those in the group of 25.0 mg/kg NP(P0.05);In NP group,we saw Prostatic hyperoplasia,although the glandular epithelial were rule and cavity acid secretion was less in of NP+SI group compared with 25.0 mg/kg NP group.ConclusionsThese results suggest Soybean isoflavones have significant antagonism effect on prostatic hyperplasia which caused by nonylphenol through regulated sex hormone levels in rats.

Objective To study the effects of MC-LR on viability,estradiol and progestonal secretion function of ovarian granulosa cells in mouse.Methods The cells of female mousse were isolated and exposed to 0,5,10 and 20μg/mL MC-LR respectively.The cell viability,the levels of estradiol and progestone were detected after 24,48 and 72 h respectively.Results After 24 h,cell viability was increasing with the doses,20 μg/mL group was higher than that of control group.After 48 and 72 h,cell viability was inhibited,and 20 μg/ml dose group lower than that of control group.After 24 h,the estradiol secretion of the exposure group increased in all dose groups,and was higher than that of control group.With prolonging of exposure time,the secretion of estradiol decreased.As to 72 h,the estradiol secretion of all exposure groups was lower than that of control group significantly.With dose increasing and the exposure time prolonging,progestone secretion was increasing to a certain degree.Conclusion MC-LR can induce toxic effects on ovarian granulosa cells and influence the secretion of stradiol and progestone.

分析了以开放性实验室为平台指导本科毕业实习过程中存在资源配置不完善、管理水平尚有欠缺等不足;提出增强实验室人员服务意识、专业水平和管理能力,健全实验室管理制度,充分发挥实验室条件,加强毕业实习的过程监督等改进措施;介绍了现阶段所取得的成效。

目的探讨微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定海产品中铅(Pb)和镉(Cd)的含量。方法采用微波消解技术对样品进行消解后,用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定Pb和Cd。结果 Pb浓度在0~80 ng/mL、Cd浓度在0~4 ng/mL范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数Pbr=0.99931,Cdr=0.99933;Pb回收率为98.5%,RSD为1.33;Cd回收率为99.4%,RSD为0.49;最低检出限Pb为10μg/kg,Cd为0.80μg/kg。结论该方法测定海产品Pb和Cd含量,测定结果稳定可靠。