过氧化氢又称双氧水(H2O2),为常用的消毒灭菌剂,且含氧高、氧化能力强、具有良好的消毒杀菌功能、不产生二次污染等优点,但其因稳定性差、储存条件要求高、8％以上的双氧水被列入危化品管理的特点,极大地限制了其应用.因此对其进行改造并解决稳定性,将能极大地提高其临床应用范围.本试验研究了一种稳定性过氧化氢的制备方法,并对其杀菌效果及稳定性进行考察.

Adprin is a compound of nucleoside with anticoccidiosis activity by interfering with the purine metabolism pathway of coccidia. Adprin was used to feed at the dose of 30, 60, 90 mg/kg for evaluating the anticoccidial efficacy chicken of artificial coccidiosis. Sulfaquinoxalinum was used for control. The results revealed that the dose of 90 mg/kg adprin had high efficacy with the ACI 183.2. But the moderate and lower dose of adprin and sulfaquinoxalinum had low efficacy with the ACI below 120. So the dose of 90 mg/kg was recommended.

对南京农大动物医学院研制,由瑞普(天津)生物药业有限公司生产的的盐酸二氟沙星混悬乳注射液仔猪大肠杆菌病进行临床治疗试验。采用人工接种大肠杆菌的方法,复制仔猪大肠杆菌病,按长效制剂的特点设计途径给药,观察动物的生理状况与发病情况。结果表明:盐酸二氟沙星混悬乳注射液按5mg/kg肌注,2日1次,连用2次,对仔猪大肠杆菌可取得良好的效果。

壳聚糖(Chitosan)又名壳多糖、可溶性甲壳素、氨基多糖、甲壳多聚糖等,是一种天然的高分子碱性多糖.它广泛存在于真菌的细胞壁及虾、蟹等甲壳动物外壳中以及一些藻类中,是自然界中唯一含游离氨基酸基团的阳离子可食性动物纤维,在动物体内可进行能量转换、释放生物活性物质并能调节动物体生理节律、增强免疫功能、促进肠道有益菌增值、抑制有害菌生长,可以作为一种安全有效的新型、绿色饲料添加剂被开发应用.

聚肌胞(Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid,Poly I:C)于1958年由Davies等[1]最先发现,自1967年Field等[2]发现低剂量的聚肌胞可在动物血清中诱导产生高滴度的干扰素后,在世界范围内引起轰动.

BACKGROUND AIM: To study the embryonic and teratogenic toxicities of chitosan in rats during the period of organ formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety pregnant SD rats were randomly divided into five groups with 18 rats in each, three chitosan dosage groups (50, 250, 1 000 mg/kg), one negative and one positive control group. Chitosan and normal saline was given by gavage to the treated groups and the negative control group for ten days during the period of organ formation (the 6th to 15th day of gestation),respectively. Rats in the positive control group received intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide (CP) on the 11th to 13th day of gestation at a daily dose of 7 mg/kg. The rats were sacrificed to examine the fetuses on the 20th day. RESULTS: The results showed that chitosan didn't produce significant effects on health, behavior, weight gain and reproductive parameters of pregnant rats and fetal growth, and didn't induce any teratogenic effect on the appearance, bones and bowels of the fetuses. CONCLUSION: Chitosan has no embryonic and teratogenic toxicity when used under 1 000 mg/kg.

当前养鸡生产中人们常使用抗生素作为防病促生长剂,但是抗生素的长期使用极易使动物体内的正常菌群遭到破坏,导致机体免疫功能下降和造成药物残留,长期小剂量的使用抗生素还很容易产生细菌耐药性.N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖(N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan,NOCC)是一种水溶性的壳聚糖衍生物,是用羧甲基同时取代壳聚糖结构中氨基葡萄糖单元的一些氨基和羟基而得到的壳聚糖羧化产物[1].作为新型的饲料添加剂,NOCC不仅可以降低血清胆固醇和甘油三脂含量,还具有免疫调节、促进免疫器官发育,降低腹脂率,改善肉鸡肌肉的新鲜度和嫩度,抑制大肠杆菌生长、改善肠道菌群等效果.此外,NOCC尚可使鸡肠道中的双歧杆菌增殖,产生大量消化乳糖所需的乳酸酶,这对不易消化乳糖的家禽来讲是非常有意义的.由此可以预见,NOCC在畜牧生产实践中必将具有广阔的应用前景.为进一步了解该化合物对靶动物的安全性,本试验根据《兽药技术规范》中有关急性毒性试验的要求[2],参考有关文献[3-5],进行了NOCC的急性毒性实验,以期为其临床合理应用提供新的理论依据.

Objection In order to evaluate the efficacy of toltrazuril against E.tenella,and recommend the best clinic dose.Methods The efficacy of toltrazuril against E.tenella was researched in chickens via drinking water respectively at the dosage of 50×10~(-6) mg/L、25×10~(-6) mg/L、12.5×10~(-6) mg/L and 6.25×10~(-6) mg/L.(Results) The results showed that the ACI of the 50×10~(-6) mg/L and 25×10~(-6) mg/L groups were 190.22 and(187.12,) The ACI of 12.5×10~(-6) mg/L group was 158.36,The ACI of 6.25×10~(-6) mg/L group was 122.58.(Conclusion) It suggested that toltrazuril could be used via drinking water at 25×10~(-6) mg/L.

[Objective]To investigate the acute oral toxicity of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan in chicken and evaluate the security of the drug;[Method]chickens were given 10.5% N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan 20ml/(kg·bw) (2.1g/(kg·bw) per time) orally within 24 hours, which was the maximum concentration and volume that could be allowed;[Results]Following exposure, animals were observed for a further 7 days, all the animals survived and no abnormal clinical signs were observed. At the end of the treatment, all surviving animals were necropsied and also no macroscopic effects on organs or tissues were observed. LD50 couldn't be determined. Therefore, according to the requirements of the new drug method of examination and approval, MTD was determined. The maximal tolerance dose of N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan given orally was 10.5g/(kg·bw), which was 3500 times higher than its clinical recommended dose;[Conclusion]In broiler chickens N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan showed a low toxicity and adverse effect. Its clinical use is safe.

The effects of isomaltooligosaccharide(IMO)and fructooligosaccharide(FOS)on multiplication of Lactobacillus in vitro and in vivo were studied.The results showed that IMO and FOS improved the growth of Lactobacillus.pH were lower in oligosaccharides groups than that in controlled group,but not significant among the three groups(P0.05).The IMO and FOS remarkably promote the adhesion of Lactobacillus and enhence the antagonism of Escherichia coli in chicken's cecum after five days(P0.05).

The pharmacokinetics of toltrazuril were investigated in 10 healthy and 10 E.tenella coccidia-infected Avine broiler chickens by HPLC method.The pharmacokinetic characteristics of toltrazuril in healthy and infected chickens after single oral administration of 8 mg·kg-1 were best described by an open two-compartment model with first order absorption rate.The main pharmacokinetics parameters were as follows:t1/2α(4.31±0.85) and(4.29±1.03) h,t1/2β(23.81±2.81) and(23.76±3.31) h,Vd(0.39±0.09) and(0.40±0.07) L·kg-1,CL(s)(0.05±0.01) and(0.05±0.01) L·h-1,AUC(174.15±34.09) and(165.14±23.71) μg·h·mL-1.The results showed that the main pharmacokinetics parameters of chickens were not significantly effected by E.tenella coccidia infection.

为研究乳酸菌体外对大肠杆菌的拮抗作用,将3株乳酸菌与2株大肠杆菌体外分别共培养观察拮抗情况。结果显示,等量同时间接种,96h内乳杆菌就将大肠杆菌全部抑杀;乳酸菌比大肠杆菌早24 h接种,72 h内将大肠杆菌全部抑杀;大肠杆菌比乳酸菌早24 h接种,在120 h内也可全部被抑杀。3株乳酸菌按一定比例复合,会使拮抗的效果增强。

Aim: To observe the effect of oligo-isomaltose (IMO) and fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) on the multiplication of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus lactis and Streptococcus lactis in vitro. Methods: The experiment was conducted in the Pharmacological Laboratory of College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University from March to July 2004. Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus lactis and Streptococcus lactis were separated from the intestinal tract of healthy chickens. The effects of two oligosaccharides on the multiplication of three lactobacilli were observed by culture in MRS broth and nutrition broth. Each experiment was divided into IMO group (30 g/L), FOS group (30 g/L) and control group. The initial concentration of lactobacilli in each group was 108 cfu/L, and the plate count was carried at 0, 24 and 48 hours, respectively to observe the growth of each group. Results: The multiplication of lactobacilli in IMO and FOS groups cultured in MRS medium was increased with time, which had no significant difference compared with the control group; [Lactobacillus acidophilus: (5.00±0.15), (7.76±0.15), (8.99±0.30); (5.00±0.01), (7.81±0.14), (8.87±0.08); (5.00±0.04), (7.25±0.15), (8.30±0.21); Lactobacillus lactis: (5.00± 0.14), (7.97±0.10), (9.26±0.31); (5.00±0.07), (8.12±0.17), (9.24±0.24); (4.90±0.09), (7.40±0.64), (8.79±0.05); Streptococcus lactis: (5.00±0.01), (8.59±0.30), (9.41±0.28); (5.00±0.08), (8.64±0.31), (9.56±0.11); (5.00±0.03), (8.16± 0.21), (8.98±0.19); P > 0.05] if in the common nutrient broth, the multiplication of lactobacilli was found slow in the first 24 hours, and the number of lactobacilli began to decrease from 24 to 48 hours; after adding IMO and FOS, the multiplication of lactobacilli was significantly accelerated, and there were significant differences among the IMO, FOS and control groups at 24 hour and 48 hours, [Lactobacillus acidophilus: (5.0±0.15), (7.24±0.32), (8.56±0.27); (5.00±0.17), (7.20±0.31), (8.69±0.15); (5.00±0.24), (6.42±0.45), (6.03±0.24); Lactobacillus lactis: (5.00±0.06), (7.66±0.34), (8.99± 0.64); (5.00±0.12), (7.98±0.08), (8.86±0.25); (4.90±0.08), (6.24±0.53), (5.83±0.05); Streptococcus lactis. (5.0±0,14), (8.43±0.24), (9.33±0.21); (5.00±0.02), (8.50±0.33), (9.19±0.40); (5.00±0.09), (7.56±0.45), (7.44±0.06); P < 0.05] indicating that IMO and FOS could promote the multiplication of lactobacillus. Conclusion: IMO and FOS could promote the multiplication of lactobacilli especially in the nutrient broth.

N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖(N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan,NOCC)是一种水溶性的壳聚糖衍生物,是用羧甲基同时取代壳聚糖结构中氨基葡萄糖单元(glucosamine units)的一些氨基和羟基而得到的壳聚糖羧化产物[1].有报道,羧甲基壳聚糖具有抗癌作用而不损伤正常细胞[2];有抗菌作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌及枯草杆菌等常见致病菌均有较强的抑制作用,其中以对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果最好[3～5],对口腔变形链球菌和口腔乳酸杆菌也有明显的抑制作用[6].最近的研究显示,羧甲基壳聚糖还能使炎性环境中的软骨细胞维持正常的生理功能[7],可有效抑制OA软骨基质降解,减轻软骨退变程度[8].基于其医学上的上述功能,可以预测将其引入兽医领域必然会有广阔的应用前景,产生巨大的经济效益.目前,在畜牧业NOCC主要用作饲料添加剂使用,有提高动物机体抗病力、促进动物生长的作用.然而,至今尚未见国内外有关NOCC对畜禽毒性的文献报道.为进一步了解该化合物对靶动物的安全性,本试验根据《兽药技术规范》[9]有关急性毒性试验的要求,参考有关文献[10～12],以肉鸡作为研究对象,研究NOCC对靶动物的急性毒性作用,为该化合物的临床研究与合理应用提供理论基础.

This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of NO-carboxymethyl chitosan supplement on immune function of the broilers.The results showed that the diet with 0.1% NO-carboxymethyl chitosan could significantly increase the immune organ index compared to the diet with antibiotic(P0.05),and also present a rising tendency compared with the vacant control.Diet with 0.1% and 0.2% NO-carboxymethyl chitosan could improve leucocyte and lymphocyte counting significantly(P0.05).And supplement with NO-carboxymethyl chitosan could enhance the protective rates of broilers against experimental colibacillosis.The experiment suggested that NO-carboxymethyl chitosan could improve the immune function of broilers.

Objective:To develop a solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography(SPE- HPLC)method for the determination of doxycycline in pig plasma.Methods:Plasma samples were prepared with C_(18) solid phase extraction column.The chromatographic separation was performed on a Kromasil C_(18) column(250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm)at colunm temperature of 30 ℃.The mobile phase,a mixture of 0.01 mol·L~(-1) oxalic acid- acetonitrile-methanol(55:25:20),was delivered at a flow rate of 0.8 mL·min~(-1).The detection wavelength was 350 nm.Results:Excellent line relationship was obtained in the range of 0.1-5.0 μg·mL~(-1)(r=0.9996).The determination limit of doxycycline was 0.1 μg·mL~(-1).The average recovery rate was 93.9%-104%.The intra- day and inter-day RSDs were less than 4.81%.Conclusion:The method is simple,accurate and can be used to determine the doxycycline concentration in plasma and for study of its pharmacokinetics.

The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility, acute toxic effect and accumulate toxic effect of taimulin were detected by the two fold dilution susceptibility test, modified Kaber method and accumulation coefficient method, respectively. The results showed that taimulin had good antibacteribial effect against Mycoplasma, S. suis and S. aureus and the MIC were 0.015,0.125 and 0.5 g/mL, respectively. But the antibacterial effect against E. coli and P. avium were poor. The LD(50) of taimulin were 1.58 g/kg to mice and 2.19 g/kg to chicken, which was not toxic according to the international standard. The accumulation co-efficient was more than 5 showing a weak accumulation and the mice had no resistance to taimulin..