为促进优质大豆品种新品种的选育及推广应用,本文简要介绍了牡试2号的选育过程及特征特性.牡试2号是国家大豆改良中心与黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院合作,以哈北46-1为母本、东生4805为父本,采用改良系谱法保留优异变异,抓住关键性状定向选择育成的大豆新品种.牡试2号具有较好的丰产稳产性、优质、抗病、中早熟、适应性较强,基本实现育种之初对品种的设计理念.在分析牡试2号育成过程的基础上,又提出了黑龙江省大豆设计育种的一些思考,包括大豆育种应重视中间材料的创制、积累及合理利用,提高育种机械化水平,扩大育种群体规模同时提高育种效率,育种应与栽培有机结合,共同为大豆产业服务.

为精准鉴定东北大豆种质群体的表型性状,观察该群体在佳木斯的表现,研究其在佳木斯生态区的潜在育种价值,本研究选取东北地区地方品种和育成品种组成东北大豆种质群体共361份,采用重复内分组的设计方法,于2012-2014年在佳木斯进行主要农艺性状的精准表型鉴定.结果表明:1)东北大豆种质群体调查的性状均值为全生育期113.5d(92.5～136.0 d)、蛋白质含量39.8％(35.6％～45.0％)、脂肪含量21.5％(17.5％～24.2％)、蛋脂总量61.3％(57.4％～64.3％)、百粒重21.1g(8.2～32.0g)、株高101.2cm(54.9～142.6cm)、主茎18.6节(12.4～24.6节)、分枝2.5个(0.2-7.4个)、倒伏2.1级(1.0-4.0级).2)按国际熟期组划分标准,佳木斯所处熟期组为MG0和MGI,属于这两个熟期组的品种,各性状的均值与群体总均值相近.MG000-00的生育天数集中在95～110 d,比当地无霜期早约15～25 d;脂肪含量和蛋脂总量分别较MG0-I高约1和1.5个百分点,株高和节数则分别低约10～40 cm、2～8节.MGII的生育天数长达150 d,不能稳定正常成熟;与当地品种相比较蛋白质和蛋脂总量均低约2％、脂肪低约0.5％,株高和节数分别高约10cm、2节;倒伏程度则高达3级.MGIII在佳木斯不能正常成熟,生长量和倒伏度增加.3)根据各农艺、品质性状在佳木斯表现的遗传进度估计,虽然脂肪和蛋白质含量相对较低,但均有一定的改良潜力.佳木斯地区利用东北大豆资源育成了许多适于东北北部的优异品种,体现了东北种质的重要作用.根据当地品种的表现,从东北大豆种质群体中筛选出了用以改良不同性状的优异亲本,供育种者参考.

以不添加海藻渣的成品醋糟基质为对照，将海藻渣和成品醋糟基质按不同体积比混配，设置15个处理，研究海藻渣对菠菜生长和品质的影响。结果表明，随着海藻渣用量的增加，与C K相比，除T2无变化外，各处理的混配基质容重均呈上升趋势；与C K相比，总孔隙度均有增加；通气孔隙呈增加趋势（T 1、T5除外）；T 1～T7处理的持水孔隙有所增加，而T8～T14的持水孔隙有所下降；此外与CK相比，基质pH值、电导率值、总氮含量均有所增加。与CK相比，菠菜的地上部鲜质量呈先降低（T1～T6）后增加（T7～T11）再降低（T12～14）的趋势；地上部干质量与地上部鲜质量变化趋势相似；根鲜质量和根干质量变化幅度较大。当海藻渣添加量为15％时，菠菜干、鲜质量最大，产量最高；醋糟基质中添加海藻渣可明显降低菠菜中硝态氮和亚硝态氮的含量而且随着海藻渣添加量的增加而降低；添加15％海藻渣混配基质栽培菠菜可显著提高菠菜植株体内的可溶性蛋白和有机酸含量，而对可溶性糖和草酸含量影响不显著。

[目的]本文的目的是研究外源24-表油菜素内酯(EBR)对低氧胁迫植株氮代谢的影响.[方法]以低氧耐性较弱的‘中农6号’黄瓜品种为材料,采用营养液通N2形成低氧逆境的方法,深入探讨了EBR对低氧胁迫下植株叶片和根系中与氮代谢相关的酶活性的影响.[结果]低氧处理显著降低了植株叶片的总氮含量,EBR使胁迫植株叶片总氮积累恢复至对照水平.低氧处理后,硝态氮含量在叶片中增加而在根系中降低,铵态氮的变化趋势与硝态氮相反,而EBR显著促进了胁迫植株根系的铵态氮积累.低氧胁迫下,植株根系硝酸还原酶(NR)和谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性升高,随后恢复至对照水平,而谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性显著低于对照.叶片NR活性受到低氧抑制,亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)、GOGAT、氧化型谷氨酸脱氢酶(NAD+-GDH)活性则先升高,随后降低;叶片还原型谷氨酸脱氢酶(NADH-GDH)活性也受到低氧促进,至处理末期时显著高于对照植株.EBR显著提高了胁迫植株根系的NR活性及叶片的NiR、NAD+-GDH活性.[结论]黄瓜植株通过增强硝酸还原,加强氮代谢缓解低氧胁迫伤害;EBR通过增强根系NR活性及叶片NAD+-GDH活性,提高了植株的低氧耐性.

为探究太湖地区稻麦轮作区秸秆还田与化肥、牛粪堆肥配合施用下水稻和小麦产量以及氮素利用情况,通过大田试验比较不同施肥方式,即不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF,当地常规施用量)、70％ CF+牛粪堆肥(OMCF)、CF+秸秆全量还田(CF+S)和OMCF+秸秆全量还田(OMCF+S)对稻麦产量及氮素吸收利用的影响.结果表明:稻麦产量从大到小的处理依次为OMCF+S、CF+S、OMCF、CF、CK.与CF处理相比,施用有机肥料提高了库容量和千粒质量,促进了干物质和氮素在作物生育后期的积累,并提高了干物质和氮素在籽粒中的分配比例,使生物产量更多地转化为经济产量;施用有机肥料还有利于营养器官中氮素的转运,从而提高了氮肥利用率.其中,秸秆和有机肥协同施用(OMCF+S)对作物氮肥利用的促进作用比OMCF和CF+S处理单独施用更明显;OMCF+S处理加强作物生育中后期土壤的供氮能力,改善作物生育中后期的营养条件,从而促进幼穗分化和籽粒灌浆,为产量的提高奠定基础.结论:在化肥施用量减少30％的基础上配施有机肥同时秸秆全量还田实现产量构成因素在较高的层次上协调统一,从而获得较高的产量,同时通过作物与土壤的自我调控实现氮肥利用率的提高.

聚肌胞(Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid,Poly I:C)于1958年由Davies等[1]最先发现,自1967年Field等[2]发现低剂量的聚肌胞可在动物血清中诱导产生高滴度的干扰素后,在世界范围内引起轰动.

The research aimed to investigate the acute toxicity and subchronic toxicity of polyinosinic injection on Kunming mice.Through intraperitoneal injection on Kunming mice with polyinosinic injection,its acute toxicity and subchronic toxicity were evaluated.Acute toxicity test showed that mice in each groups began to die after using polyinosinic for 4 h and death time were mainly 4～12 h after using polyinosinic,LD50 was 59.73 mg/kg.Subchronic toxicity test showed that in the 7th d after using polyinosinic,mice body weight in high-dosage group was significantly lower than that in low-dosage group,spleen coefficient in middle-dosage group was significantly higher than that in control group and high-dosage group,hematocrit in middle-dosage group and high-dosage group were significantly higher than that in control group.Total protein content in high-dosage group was significantly lower than that in low-dosage group and control group and albumin content in high-dosage group was significantly lower than that in control group.In pathology examination it was found that mice liver in high-dosage group had slight inflammation.Acute toxicity of polyinosinic was greater and long-term usage with high dose could lead to anaemia and slight liver damage,so its dosage and treatment period should be paid attention in clinical application.

目的:观察能明显促进禽类等动物的生长发育,改善肉质的新型饲料添加剂N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖对昆明种小白鼠精子畸形的影响,分析其应用在畜牧生产中的安全性。方法:实验于2005-06-22/2005-08-06于南京农业大学动物医学院药理组实验室完成。挑选体质量25～28g的小鼠50只,以随机数字表法分为生理盐水组、环磷酰胺组、N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖（南京龙源天然多酚合成厂提供,商品名为毕罗喜,质量浓度为105g/kg）2,4,8g/kg剂量组,每组10只。N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖2,4,8g/kg剂量组分别给予相应剂量的N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖,溶于1mL生理盐水,2,4g/kg剂量1次灌服,8g/kg剂量分2次灌服,每次间隔约3h;生理盐水组给予生理盐水1mL;环磷酰胺组给予环磷酰胺0.04g/kg,溶于1mL生理盐水。给药前禁食10h,不禁水。连续灌胃5d,给药后30d麻醉下处死,取两侧附睾按Wyrobek方法涂片,观察小白鼠精子畸形状况。评估标准参照农业部兽药评审委员会办公室编写的兽药试验技术规范汇编（2001年）。评估内容参照沈建忠主编的动物毒理学（中国农业出版社,2002年）,包括各种畸形的精子形态:不定形、胖头、香蕉头、无钩、双头（多头）和双尾（多尾）等,及其分类计数。每组随机选取5只小鼠,计算总畸形率。精子畸形率（%）=畸形精子总数/检查精子总数×100。结果:最终25只小鼠进入结果分析,每组5只。①环磷酰胺组的精子畸形率远高于生理盐水组和N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖2,4,8g/kg剂量组（6.10%,2.48%,2.46%,2.64%,2.78%,P＜0.01）;N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖2,4,8g/kg剂量组与生理盐水组比较,差异无显著性意义（P＞0.05）,且各剂量组之间差异也没有显著性意义（P＞0.05）。②各组精子畸形主要表现为头部或尾部异常。以无定形和胖头居多,占35.48%（292/823）和29.28%（241/823）;其次是无钩形及香焦形多见,占19.68%（162/823）和13.49%（111/823）;偶尔可见双头双尾形,只占2.07%。结论:N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖精子畸形试验结果呈阴性,说明其对雄性生殖细胞没有明显的遗传毒性。

This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of NO-carboxymethyl chitosan supplement on immune function of the broilers.The results showed that the diet with 0.1% NO-carboxymethyl chitosan could significantly increase the immune organ index compared to the diet with antibiotic(P0.05),and also present a rising tendency compared with the vacant control.Diet with 0.1% and 0.2% NO-carboxymethyl chitosan could improve leucocyte and lymphocyte counting significantly(P0.05).And supplement with NO-carboxymethyl chitosan could enhance the protective rates of broilers against experimental colibacillosis.The experiment suggested that NO-carboxymethyl chitosan could improve the immune function of broilers.

Harpin is a group of proteins produced by gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria which triggers hypersensitive response in nonhost plants. Protein harpin_ Xooc is encoded by the hpa1 gene in the hrp cluster of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola. The gene was constructed into an expression vector pET21a (+) and the reconstruct was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The engineered bacterium was induced to produce harpin_ Xooc protein which triggers a hypersensitive response in tobacco. Reverse-transcriptional polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) demonstrated that PR-1a, hin1 and hsr203J genes in tobacco, and NPR1, OsPR-1a, OsPR-1b, and PAL genes in rice were transcriptionally expressed after 8 h post spray with harpin_ Xooc in plants. This indicated that a systemic acquired resistance (SAR) was induced through the salicylic acid signaling pathway marked with activation of PR-1a, hin1 and hsr203J genes in tobacco and NPR1, OsPR-1a, and PAL genes in rice at 8 h point after harpin_ Xooc interacted with tobacco and rice, respectively. The extracted protein was industrially developed into soluble granule, commercially termed Yilite as a bio-fungicide, containing 1 of harpin_ Xooc . The biofungicide was sprayed twice in rice growing stage. Application of harpin_ Xooc in rice showed that harpin_ Xooc induced SAR in rice with control efficiencies equivalent to those by application of Tricyclazole and Jingangmycin, respectively, against Magnaporthe grisea, Rhizoctonia solani and Claviceps orysae-sativae. The rice yield was increased over 6 compared with that in the plots sprayed chemical fungicides. The factor for the yield increase was mainly due to the grain weight increased. This is the first report that hpa1 gene product induced systemic acquired resistance in plants and controlled rice diseases efficiently in the field.

A strain of virus was isolated from 20 cloacal of ducks in Nanjing using SPF chicken embryos.The virus showed haemagglutination activity but not inhibited by positive sera against New castle disease virus(NDV) and egg-drop syndrome-76 virus(EDSV).HI test indicated that the isolate belonged to H9 subtype of influenza virus.The assay of intravenous pathogenicity showed that the isolate had low pathogenicity to chickens,but no pathogenicity to ducks.The study also indicated that the 5-week-mouses could be infected with morbidity and mortality.