青刺尖,别名:梅花刺、打枪果、打油果、扁核木、青刺藤、青刺果、刺呐(普米族)、阿那斯(纳西族名)等.学名Prinsepia utilis Royle,蔷薇科扁核木属. 1形态特征 青刺尖是一种多年生稀有木本油料植物,为落叶灌木,丛生,高度1～2m.枝具棱,灰绿色,常有白色粉霜,小枝青绿色,刺腋生,坚硬,长8～90 mm.叶具有短柄,叶片长卵形至披针形,基部钝圆或楔形,先端渐尖或短尖,两面光滑,单叶互生或簇生,边缘有细锯齿或全缘,一般长3～7cm,宽1～3cm,厚纸质至革质,叶柄长5～10 mm.总状花序,腋生或生于侧枝顶端,花3～8朵,花白色或略带红色,萼片5,花瓣5,倒阔卵形或扁圆形;雄蕊多数,雌蕊1,子房上位,核果椭圆形,初绿或红褐色.花开叶落,开花时叶很少,至结幼果后长出新叶.3～6月果成熟时呈暗红或紫黑色,果有白色粉霜,果长1～1.2cm,宽 0.4～0.6 cm.

天气转暖,养蜂人追花夺蜜外出养蜂,避免不了在野外放蜂露营.养蜂人被虫、蛇叮咬成了最大的安全隐患.简述了被虫、蛇叮咬的危害,以及列举了蜈蚣、蝎子、毛虫、蚂蟥、蜱虫、红火蚂蚁、蚊虫、跳蚤、胡蜂等几种毒虫以及蛇的生物学特性及防范措施.

紫茎泽兰是在20世纪40年代从缅甸侵入我国云南,之后传入多省,因其繁殖快,难以控制,颇受非议.其危害表现为:影响其他植物的生长;牲畜误食后,出现中毒;在人工进行清除时,有的人出现过敏;曾报道有人在紫茎泽兰密集地,因过量吸入其分泌的毒素造成晕迷.

牛筋条树是我国西南特有的一种野生树木,在云南省红河州泸西县向阳乡一个叫木榻村的彝汉混居村落,将一株树龄600多年、高达8 m左右的牛筋条树视为神树,并给予保护起来.这种树一般高度1～3m,是一种用途广泛的树木.开花期颇受蜜蜂青睐,泌蜜丰富,所产蜂蜜的蜜质优良,是云南省的一种主要蜜粉源植物.

专业课程教学融入课程思政是顺应时代发展,落实高等教育"立德树人"根本任务的重要举措."烹饪原料学"是烹饪工艺与营养专业核心课程,将课程思政融入专业教学对学生思想政治素养的培养具有重要作用.文章基于"大思政"理念,针对"烹饪原料学"中"谷类原料"子模块的知识目标、能力目标和素质目标,挖掘课程思政元素,构建谷类原料思政教学总体框架,设计典型思政案例融入课前、课中和课后以及实践各个环节,实现立德树人的教学目标,为相关课程思政建设提供借鉴和参考.

(续2023年第6期) 十三、金银忍冬 金银忍冬,别名:金银木、狗骨头树、王八骨头、马尿树、双花、改楚(白族名),学名:Lonicera maackii(Rupr.)Maxim,忍冬科忍冬属植物. 金银忍冬为落叶灌木,高1.5～6m.树干、树枝褐色或灰白色;叶对生,全缘,呈卵形至卵状披针形,长3～6.5cm,先端长渐尖,基部阔楔形,叶面绿色,背面淡绿色,两面疏被柔毛,叶脉上和叶柄均被腺短柔毛,较明显的侧脉约4～7对,背面叶脉呈趾状突起;叶柄长2～8mm.

黑麦为高寒地区饲粮兼用型小宗作物,目前集中于欧洲国家种植.我国是黑麦主要生产国家之一,但在全世界中所占比重很小.最近20年全世界黑麦生产规模总体呈下降趋势,但近年来趋于稳定;黑麦单产水平则呈上升趋势.黑麦抗逆性强,籽实食用对于癌症预防、控制血糖和体重等方面具有独特的营养保健价值.黑麦在云南高寒山区种植历史已超过50年,从气候适应性和提高资源利用效率等角度考虑,黑麦在云南有较为广阔的推广前景.黑麦产量低,单纯用作粗饲料效益较差,探索黑麦籽实作为特色健康食品加工利用,提升黑麦的经济价值,对于云南高寒区农民增收、巩固脱贫成果具有积极意义.

专业课程教学融入课程思政是顺应时代发展,落实高等教育"立德树人"根本任务的重要战略举措.文章基于"大思政"理念,分析探讨了高职院校烹饪工艺与营养专业核心课程《烹饪原料学》的课程思政元素挖掘和融入设计、课程思政教学模式和考核评价方式.

对来自云南省昆明市某宠物医院就诊的各种病犬和注射疫苗的健康宠物犬,包括不同年龄段和不同品种,雌、雄兼有共计279只,逐只采取新鲜粪便样品,采用饱和盐水浮集法对其蛔虫感染情况进行了调查,结果显示:昆明部分地区犬蛔虫感染率比较高,平均感染率为15％(43/279);3月龄以下的宠物犬对犬蛔虫极为易感,达到28.75％.本调查有利于掌握昆明地区犬蛔虫的发病情况,并为广大宠物犬主人防治该寄生虫病提供参考依据.

牛肉是中国人重要的食物来源,如何才能保证牛肉质量和安全性一直以来都是我们关注的问题,在实际工作中,牛肉质量控制的各个环节都存在不足之处,因而本课题的研究具有一定的现实意义.

兔肉松是将去骨的兔肉煮烂,经过炒制、揉搓而成的一种营养丰富、易于消化、食用方便、便于贮藏与携带的一种脱水兔肉旅游食品. 1 主要原料 兔肉、食盐、酱油、黄酒、白糖、生姜、复合香料、味精. 2 用具 刀具、煮锅、炒松机、擦松机. 3 工艺流程 选料→切条→水煮→加料再煮→扯丝→炒松→第二次炒松→搓松→冷却→包装.

新城疫的分布和流行遍及全世界，在我国的养鸡地区也是常年发生，给养鸡业带来严重危害；除鸡以外，火鸡、雉鸡、鸽及很多鸟类都可以感染发病。水禽对新城疫的抵抗力很强，鸭、鹅可感染和带毒但不发病。然而近些年鹅感染新城疫而大量发病和死亡的报道越来越多，并严重威胁着养鹅业的发展。

Different strains of Yorkshire were used to crossbreed with Dian Lu Pig,and studied the growth, fattening and carcass performance of the hybrids.30 Dian Lu Pigs with 3~4 embryos were chosen,and divided into three groups random,according to the number on ear,and each group has 10 pigs.The Dian Lu sows of each group was hybridized with U.S.,Sweden Yorkshire and semen of Dian Lu breeding boar respectively.Eight piglets were selected randomly in each group to conduct the experiment.When the weight reached to 110 kg,the piglets were slaughtered to determine the carcass and meat quality.The results showed that in growth fattening period, the daily weight gain of U.S.Yorkshire ×Dian Lu Pig and Sweden Yorkshire ×Dian Lu Pig groups significantly increased 8.65% and 5.34%,respectively,the daily intake reduced 4.54% and 6.70%,respectively,but have no significant difference (P>0.05),the rate of feed and weight were reduced 7.54% and 6.70%,respectively,but have no significant difference (P>0.05),compared with the pure Dian Lu.The results of carcass quality showed that the carcass quality of U.S. Yorkshire×Dian Lu Pig and Sweden Yorkshire×Dian Lu Pig groups were reduced 29.56%, 22.99%and have the significantly difference to the pure Dian Lu.The fat rate were reduced 27.20%and 26.31%respectively and the difference were significant (P<0.01),the carcass straight long increased by 5.07%,5.53%respectively,but have no significant difference (P>0.05),the lean rate were increased 23.48% and 24.01%,and there were extremely significant difference (P<0.01),the eye muscle area increased 38.31%and 39.80%and had the extremely significant difference(P<0.01).The experiment showed that using the foreign excellent breeding U.S. and Sweden Yorkshire to develop and cultivate the national grade Dian Lu Pig breeds,which can improve the body shape,growth performance and carcass quality.

在[Bmim] PF6离子液体中,用微波辐射干燥的方法制备了铜掺杂纳米二氧化钛光催化剂TiO2-Cu,测试催化剂对甲基橙溶液的微波(MW)、紫外(UV)、微波-紫外(MW-UV)条件下的降解率,考察了离子液体用量、铜掺杂量、微波干燥功率、微波干燥时间、煅烧温度、煅烧时间、微波降解功率等因素对TiO2-Cu催化剂活性的影响.结果表明,掺杂物质硝酸铜与钛酸丁酯的物质的量比为n(Cu)/n(Ti)=0.025,在功率为210 W的微波条件下干燥20 min,再在高温箱式电阻炉中于500℃下煅烧2h,所制得的TiO2-Cu催化剂具有较高的光催化活性;在MW、UV和MW-UV 3种降解条件下,对甲基橙的降解率分别为3.78％,92.98％,98.39％;并且在3种降解条件下,甲基橙降解率始终是:MW-UV＞ UV＞ MW.表明在紫外光照条件下,微波辅射具有强化TiO2-Cu催化剂降解甲基橙的作用.催化剂结构分析表明,TiO2中掺入铜后制得的催化剂,具有粒径均匀,比表面积、孔容、平均孔径和半孔宽均较大等特点,这也是TiO2-Cu催化剂具有较高的光催化活性的主要原因.

The optimum process of a jujube and medlar compound drink was studied by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiments. The optimum formula of jujube and medlar compound beverage was determined as follows:volume ratio of jujube juice to medlar juice 4∶3, citric acid 0.15%, sugar 9%, and composite stabilizer of carboxymethyl cellulose.

The ethylene receptor inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene model (1-MCP) combined with cling film was tested for preservation of Lijiang snow peach, at low temperature storage (3 ± 1)℃. The results showed that at refrigerated temperature, 1-MCP treatment could reduce the lijiang snow peach postharvest water loss ,0.6μL/L 1-MCP treatment was effective in maintain the fruit weight. 1.8μL/L 1-MCP with cling film treatment can delay the respiratory peak, delay the PPO activity peak, and reduce the peak.

仔幼兔成活率是衡量养兔生产水平的重要指标，直接关系到养兔经济效益。本试验采用黄芪、党参、苍术、山楂、黄连、大蒜几味中草药，粉碎后按不同的添加量加入到仔幼兔的饲料中，研究其对仔幼兔死亡率及生长速度的影响，结果显示差异显著，说明饲料中添加中草药添加剂能明显降低仔幼兔的死亡率，同时还能提高其生长速度。

奶牛临床型乳腺炎是由病原微生物经乳头进入乳房组织引发的一种疾病.其临床特点主要表现为红、肿、热、痛,产奶量降低或无乳,乳汁中有絮片、凝块、颜色异常,乳房触摸硬或有硬块.乳腺炎是奶牛四大疾病之一[1,2],给奶牛业造成了巨大的损失,严重阻碍了奶牛业的发展.目前奶牛临床型乳腺炎多采用抗生素药物和中草药进行治疗,对奶牛临床型乳腺炎疫苗的研究有一定的进展,但还未在临床上应用.本文从奶牛临床型乳腺炎的发病病因、流行病学、发病机理、临床症状、临床诊断和综合防治等方面,介绍了多年来我们对于治疗奶牛临床型乳腺炎的临床经验,以供同行们参考.

The Lijiang snow peach treated with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0μL/L 1-MCP respectively, and then placed in (3±1)℃conditions for 27 days and shelf life for 3 days at (16±2)℃, the quality changes of snow peach were studied. The results showed that, 1-MCP treatment could delay the ripening and senescence process of Lijiang snow peach during low temperature storage, reduce the flesh browning index significantly, keep the titratable acid content and fruit hardness better, inhibit the increase of weight loss rate, and improve the quality of snow peach. The effects of 2 μL/L 1-MCP treatment on keeping the fruit firmness, titratable acid content and weight loss were better than the other treatments, but the effect of 1 μL/L 1-MCP treatment on controlling the browning was good. The 1-MCP treatment had no obvious effect on the change of soluble solids content.

With the development of society and economy, people's awareness of food safety is more and more high, therefore, people pay more and more attention to product safety and quality. There are many factors affecting cooling meat freshness or insurance period, the degree of pollution of microbial control quality variation of chilled meat is the bottleneck in the slaughter process which. In this paper, through changes in the indicators of microbial contamination quantity and chilled meat of pig slaughtering, growth and reproduction of microorganism quantity and quality changes and that of chilled meat are closely related, and the control measures can significantly reduce the initial microbial contamination degree, raw pork at 0℃~4℃storage to extend the shelf life of 3d~4d.