在高校教学质量监控工作中,及时掌握教学第一线信息,分析整理有效信息,正确评价教学工作,有针对性地解决教学中亟需解决的问题,是不可或缺的工作环节.学生是教学全程的亲历者,亦应是教学一线信息的提供者和教学效果的评价者.针对高校存在的忽视学生教学诉求、缺少学生教学信息反馈有效渠道、对学生建议处理不当、学生自身教学评价能力不强等问题,哈尔滨医科大学教学督导经过长期实践探索,构建了以学生为主体、师生和管理人员共同参与的学生教学信息反馈与处理系统,运行多年,效果明显,有效地保障了教学质量的不断提升.

为保障课堂教学质量,多年来哈尔滨医科大学对课堂教学质量采取多元综合性评价体系,包括教师授课质量、教学课件质量、学生对教学效果满意度、学生学习状态等方面.通过对2016-2018年间3个学年学校教学督导采用多元综合性评课的结果进行统计和分析,证实多元综合评价体系具有全面性和准确性的特点,是促进整体教学质量提高的有效措施.

Objective To establish cell lines which stably express of hepatitis B virus(HBV)YVDD drug resistance mutations and YMDD wild type. Methods The eukaryotic expression recombinant plasmids carrying HBV YVDD resistant strain or YMDD wild strain were used to transfect into HepG2 cells. After G418 screening,stable expression cell lines were established. The expression of HBV antigen was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and HBV DNA load were determined by FT-PCR. FH-PCR-MC was used to verify the types of lamivudine resistance variants in cell lines. The genetic variation of HBV in cell lines was analyzed by sequencing. Results The cell lines which stably expressed HBV YVDD drug-resistant variant or YMDD wild-type were successfully established. The expression of HBsAg and HBeAg was stable in the 1st,10th and 30th generation of the cells. In the 30th generation of the cells,the HBV DNA load was higher than 104 copies/ mL both intracellularly and extracellularly. The drug-resistant variant type was YVDD. Sequencing showed that the HBV gene carried by the cell genome contained multiple joint variants of A1762T/ G1764A/rtM204V/ rtL180M/ rtV173L. Conclusions Cell lines stably expressing HBV YVDD drug-resistant variant and YMDD wild-type,namely HepG2-HBV/ CV and HepG2-HBV/ CM cells,were successfully established,providing an ideal cell model for screening effective drugs against HBV lamivudine resistant strains.

Whipple's disease (WD) is a rare, chronic, and recurrent disease with diverse and non-characteristic clinical symptoms. WD is caused by the pathogen Tropheryma whipplei (TW). TW-induced infective endocarditis (TWIE) is rarely reported. This study aimed to understand the pathology of TW infection in patients with blood culture-negative infective endocarditis (BCNE) in northern China. 21 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens of heart valves from 18 BCNE patients were subjected to hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining, as well as PCR analysis and gene sequencing. HE staining showed macrophage-derived foam cell infiltration in 8 specimens from 5 patients, and PAS staining was positive in 15 specimens from 13 patients. Detection of TW 16S rRNA by PCR showed that 2 patients were positive for TW, which was confirmed by gene sequencing. In conclusion, this study is the first to detect nucleic acids of TW pathogens in specimens from WD patients in China.

The application of many nucleoside analogs has produced multidrug-resistant mutant strains of hepatitis B virus (HBV). This study aimed to analyze the association between HBV gene mutations in chronic hepatitis B patients and antiviral multidrug resistance. The whole HBV genome in serum samples of six cases of clinical multidrug-resistant patients was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), then purified and cloned into the pMD18T plasmid to construct 19 clones of recombinant pMD18T-HBV plasmids for whole genome sequencing. The mutations in the P region and other regions in the HBV genome were analyzed. We found that the 19 clones of HBV from these six cases were all of the C genotype. The major common mutation site in the P region was rtM204V/I, and the accompanied common sites were rtQ333K, rtH337N, and rtD392S. The common mutations in the S region of the 19 clones were T56N, K57Q, D62A, and V157A. The common mutation sites in the X region were A41S, G85A, and L92V. There was no common mutation site discovered in the C region. In conclusion, the detection of mutation sites in HBV will help reveal the mechanism underlying the multidrug-resistance of HBV and improve clinical antiviral therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients.

The application of many nucleoside analogs has produced multidrug-resistant mutant strains of hepa- titis B virus (HBV). This study aimed to analyze the association between HBV gene mutations in chronic hepatitis B patients and antiviral multidrug resistance. The whole HBV genome in serum samples of six cases of clinical multidrug-resistant patients was amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), then purified and cloned into the pMD18T plasmid to construct 19 clones of recombinant pMD18T-HBV plasmids for whole genome sequencing. The mutations in the P region and other regions in the HBV genome were analyzed. We found that the 19 clones of HBV from these six cases were all of the C genotype. The major common mutation site in the P region was rtM204V/I, and the accompanied common sites were rtQ333K, rtH337N, and rtD392S. The common mutations in the S region of the 19 clones were T56N, K57Q, D62A, and V157A. The common mutation sites in the X region were A41S, G85A, and L92V. There was no common mutation site discovered in the C region. In conclusion, the detection of mutation sites in HBV will help reveal the mechanism underlying the multidrug-resistance of HBV and improve clinical anti- viral therapy in chronic hepatitis B patients.

在医学院校学风建设中,教学督导更加有助于医学院校的学风建设,同时教学督导也是医学院校学风建设的现实需求.基于不断探索和积累,将学风建设作为督学的核心内容纳入督教、督学、督管三位一体的多元课堂教学评价体系.正确认识和处理学风建设与教学督导工作的关系,在督导实践中探寻到参与、助力学风建设的实现路径:对学生课堂学习状况进行评价;教学督导直接参与学风建设实践;通过指导任课教师教书育人来促进学风建设;开展学风研究.

教学督导工作在高校内部教学质量保证体系中具有重要作用。文章从当前高校教学督导工作现状出发，从创新督导理念、方式方法与管理等方面提出了规范高校的教学督导工作的策略。

目的 研究多种核苷类似物(NAs)序贯治疗产生交叉耐药的患者体内乙型肝炎病毒(HBV) RT区变异位点和变异类型.方法 筛选6例临床上对两种或两种以上NAs产生交叉耐药的患者,并从患者血清中获取HBV交叉耐药株DNA,进行全基因克隆和测序,从而分析其变异特点和规律.结果 经测序鉴定,6位患者体内HBV基因型均为C型,产生交叉耐药的相关性变异以rtM204V/I (YMDD)变异为主(50％),部分YMDD变异株伴有rtL180M变异(16.7％)、其他伴随变异包括rtV173L(16.7％),rtL80I(16.7％).此外,还发现RT区次要变异伴随位点rtL269I(40％)、rtQ333K(56.7％)、rtH337N(56.7％).结论 RT区次要变异伴随位点rtL269I、rtQ333K、rtH337N的出现可能增强了HBV YMDD变异株在体内的复制能力,并对交叉耐药准种所占比例起到了放大的效果,从而导致本研究中6例患者出现对拉米夫定、恩替卡韦、阿德福韦和替比夫定产生多重耐药.

正确的病原体认知和态度是医务人员的必备素质,对医疗工作具有重要影响.通过问卷调查和教育干预,了解现阶段医学生的认知和态度,并探讨教育措施的效果.结果显示教育干预显著提高了医学生对病原体的部分正确认知和态度,说明教育干预有助于改善对病原体危险性的认知和态度.

Breast cancer is the most common malignant carcinomas for females in the world . Recently , potential viral factors for breast cancer have been emphasized ,as human papillomavirus ,Epstein‐Barr virus and the others were detected in breast carcinomas .There is no clear conclusion for the relationship between viruses and breast carcinogenesis for discrepancy among the data reported from different studies .The main obstacles and bottleneck of studies are analyzed in this review .

High-risk human papillomavirus ( HPV ) could integrate into host cell genome in cervical carcinoma .Epidemiological and experimental data support that viral integration plays an important role in cervical carcinogenesis by causing chromosome instability and (or ) DNA methylation . Current studies indicate that interferon pathway may be involved in clone selection .The recent researches on high-risk HPV integration are reviewed .

The patients with Whipple's disease(WD) may appear numerous nonspecific symptoms,so they are often misdiagnosed.Tropheryma Whipplei is a ubiquitous commensal bacterium in the environment,but the cases of WD are very rare.Recent studies have shown that some undefined predisposing immune pathologic factors might play a role in the pathogenesis.This paper reviews the research progress of WD and it' s pathogen in epidemiology,immunopathology,clinical manifestations,laboratory diagnosis and the treatment of the disease.

To explore the relationship of the MOV10, A3G, and IFN-α mRNA levels with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, Blood samples from 96 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and 21 healthy individuals as control were collected. HBV DNA load and aminotransferase in the serum were tested using real time PCR and velocity methods, respectively. The MOV10, A3G, and IFN-α mRNA levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were examined through qRT-PCR. The MOV10, A3G, and IFN-α mRNA levels in CHB group was significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively). The A3G mRNA level in the high-HBV DNA load group was lower than that in the low-HBV DNA load group (P<0.05). However, no statistical difference was found in the MOV10 and IFN-α mRNA levels between the two HBV DNA load groups. Furthermore, the MOV10 mRNA level showed positive correlation with IFN-α in the control group. These results indicated that the expression of the innate immune factors MOV10, A3G, and IFN-α is affected by chronic HBV infection.

Diverse and comprehensive evaluation of classroom teaching quality is closely related to the improvement of teaching quality.This evaluation comprises teaching quality of teachers,courseware quality,satisfaction and learning status of students,teaching environment,etc.Feedback on classroom teaching includes the inspectors' feedback on teaching quality,students' learning and teaching environment and students' feedback on teaching effects.In this study,the effect of this model was confirmed by data analyzing of 100 times classroom observation.It is concluded that diverse and comprehensive evaluation and feedback,as an effective tool to improve teaching quality,is accurate and comprehensive.

结合实际情况和国内外研究,提出了新的小组协作学习模式,包括改良的PBL形式和课外科学兴趣小组活动,在本科生教学实践中取得了一定的效果.在现阶段不改变教学体系的情况下,小组协作学习模式适合课外活动中的专题探索学习.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the relationship between Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection and the development of chronic urticaria.METHODS:Published case-control studies which concerned HP infection related chronic urticaria were searched in Wanfang, CNKI, CQVIP Chinese databanks and PubMed. Meta-analysis was applied to analyze the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).RESULTS:37 studies which comprised 2 909 cases of chronic urticaria and 1 873 persons served as controls were enrolled. When compared with the controls, HP infection significantly increased the risk of chronic urticaria development with a pooled OR of 3.20 (95% CI: 2.31-4.43). Results from Meta-regression analyses showed that the distribution of residential areas and detection method being used were potential influential factors.CONCLUSION:HP infection seemed to be associated with an increased risk of developing the chronic urticaria.

BACKGROUND:Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) infection is implicated in cervical carcinogenesis. This study aimed to characterize two new monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against HPV L1 protein.METHODS:The immunocompetence of AE3 and AG7 mAbs for HPV L1 protein was evaluated by Western blot analysis, immunostaining, hemagglutination inhibition assay, and ELISA. The heavy chain variable region (VH) and light chain variable region (VL) of AE3 and AG7 mAbs were sequenced and analyzed.RESULTS:Both mAbs specifically recognized HPV16 L1 and virus-like particles (VLPs). Both the affinity and the titer of AE3 mAb were higher than that of AG7. There were differences in sequences in the complementary determining regions (CDR) 2 and 3 of VL, as well as in the CDR1 and CDR3 of VH. The two mAbs have distinct predicted three-dimensional structures.CONCLUSIONS:We characterized two mAbs neutralizing antibodies for HPV L1 protein, which would help develop genetic-engineered neutralizing antibodies against HPV16 for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

Recent studies have shown that the Moloney leukemia virus 10 (Mov10), a putative RNA helicase, has very broad and potent antiretroviral activities. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a reverse transcription process, but the potential role of Mov10 in HBV replication remains unknown. In this study, Mov10 was demonstrated to affect HBV expression in HepG2 and HepG2.2.15 cell lines. The data showed that the over-expression of exogenous Mov10 resulted in an increase of the HBsAg and HBeAg levels in the culture supernatant and HBV mRNA level in transfected cells at a low dose and resulted in a decrease at a high dose, but HBV DNA in culture supernatant was not affected. The knockdown of endogenous Mov10 expression through siRNA treatment could suppress levels of HBsAg, HBeAg and HBV mRNA, but had no effect on HBV DNA. Above results indicate that an appropriate level of exogenous Mov10 is responsible for HBV replication, that any perturbation in the level of Mov10 could affect HBV replication, while the endogenous Mov10 could promote HBV replication in vitro. The precise mechanisms that underlie the action of Mov10 on HBV still need further investigation.

本研究选取五年制本科和七年制研究生作为教学对象,通过理论课、实验课和课外活动三部分进行了医学微生物学双语教学的实践和探索,最终达到了培养学生英文思维,提高学生专业英语水平,普及和提高教师双语教学能力的目的。