Objective:To understand the current research status of master of professional degree students in clinical medicine in provincial teaching hospitals with moderate scientific research level under the " dual-track" training system.Methods:Sojump online survey was conducted to investigate the cognition, current situation and self-evaluation of all clinical master degree students in three grades in a provincial teaching hospital, and the research status of professional degree and scientific degree students was compared and analyzed respectively.Results:The proportion of scientific degree students participating in scientific research projects was significantly higher than that of professional degree students. The proportion of professional degree students participating in scientific research projects was still not high even in the third year of graduate students. However, there was no difference between scientific degree and professional degree students in the publication of scientific research papers. The scientific degree of scientific research knowledge is significantly higher than that of professional degree students. Although scientific degree students receive more scientific research guidance from their supervisors, professional degree students communicate more with their supervisors, and the results show that professional degree students are significantly more satisfied with their supervisors, graduate policies and scientific research policies than scientific degree students. In addition, the results of graduate students found that the degree of research stress of both scientific and professional degrees exceeded 50%.Conclusions:Scientific degree is better than professional degree in research status because of professional characteristics and more research guidance from their supervisors. However, through the reform of professional degree training mode based on scientific research project management in recent years, professional degree students have been able to communicate more with their supervisors, and their satisfaction with their supervisors and colleges has significantly increased. In addition, sufficient attention should be paid to high scientific research pressure of medical graduate students.

"医教协同"改革后的培养模式已取得了一定成效,但是普遍存在培养时间紧张、科研能力弱化的问题.该文基于长期一线的科研管理实践经验,从科研课题管理理论出发,构建了五大突破口、三大支撑条件的临床医学专硕的模式.积极推进医教协同,不断改进和完善临床医学专业学位研究生培养模式,以促进复合型人才培养目标的实现.

目的 对医院2015-2019年科研发展状况进行分析,为制定科研政策和提高科研管理质量提供依据.方法 收集安徽医科大学第二附属医院2015-2019年纵向科研课题的数量、来源、经费等数据,按照不同年份进行描述性分析.重点分析国家级和省部级课题的学科分布以及课题负责人年龄、职称、学位(学历)等情况,通过数据分析发现存在的问题并提出改进措施和建议.结果 医院纵向课题来源于国家级、省部级和市厅级,所占比例分别为9.7％、23.6％和66.7％,高层次高质量课题偏少;医院获得资助经费从2015年的296.1万元增长到2019年的508.7万元,虽然呈现较快增长趋势,但是中间也有较大幅度的波动;在国家级和省部级课题中,立项科室是省级重点专科和校级研究中心科室占67.4％;中青年博士人才、高级职称及引进人才是医院科技力量提升的主要人群.结论 通过数据分析,发现医院科研工作中存在的不足,主要表现在学科之间发展不均衡,重点学科与普通学科之间差距大;高质量项目少,高质量成果少;缺少争取重大项目的科研团队;缺乏长期稳定的临床研究方向;科研经费投入不足等.建议以学科建设为中心,加强人才队伍建设;以科技平台建设为支撑,提升科研能力和水平;创新科研管理机制,助推科研项目及成果质量提升;实施有效的激励措施,推进科研管理综合能力的提升;开展高质量科研项目孵育计划,加大科研经费投入.

医院是集知识、技术为一体的医疗卫生事业单位,而作为医学科研必然需求的科研管理创新,是衡量一个现代医院的医疗水平、学术水平高低的重要标志.文章从培养创新型管理人才队伍,建立健全的科研管理制度,以及利用"互联网+"提高科研竞争力等三个方面论述了医院科研管理创新的相关策略.

目的 科学总结安徽省分级诊疗制度的实施进展,对进一步优化配置医疗卫生资源,保障人民群众健康提供借鉴参考.方法 分析评价安徽省分级诊疗试点、医联体建设、签约服务、基层服务能力、医保价格杠杆作用等具体工作措施,剖析实施分级诊疗过程中存在的问题.结果 安徽省需从加强医联体建设、引导城市优质医疗资源下沉、推进基层医疗服务模式改革、加强分级诊疗考核和监管、发挥价格和医保杠杆作用等方面推进分级诊疗工作.结论 分级诊疗是一个系统工程,需要协调实施过程中多重复杂的利益关系,卫生主管部门应承担起组织、协调的职责,各医疗机构应积极应对分级诊疗过程中产生的问题.

Objective To investigate the effects of inhalation of nicotine on cardiovascular function, oxidative stress and inflammation in rats and its mechanism. Methods Forty healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups. The experimental group was inhaled nicotine by air-purging. The rats were exposed for 1 h, 2 h and 4 h daily, respectively, and were determined as low, medium and high dose groups. The control group was housed un-der standard conditions. After 90 days, aortic reactivity and blood pressure were measured. The levels of endotheli-al NO synthase(eNOS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in heart, lung tissue and serum of rats were measured. Serum nitric oxide ( NO ) content, malondialdehyde ( MDA) content, superoxide dismutase ( SOD) activity and glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px) activity were meas-ured respectively. Results Compared with the control group, the blood pressure of the experimental group was sig-nificantly increased. NO, eNOS and MDA content were significantly decreased. GSH-Px activity was significantly increased. The levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10 were significantly increased in heart, lung and serum respectively. Conclusion Long-term inhaled nicotine by air-purged impaired cardiac function and caused high blood pressure, induced oxidative stress and cardiopulmonary inflammatory reaction. The mechanism may be related to endothelial dysfunction and simultaneous activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.

目的:研究心肌尔康(XJEK)对血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)损伤的作用,并探讨相关的作用机制.方法:体外培养HUVECs细胞,随机分为7组,分别为空白组,AngⅡ(1×10-5 mol· L-1)组,AngⅡ(1×10-5 mol·L-1)+心肌尔康不同质量浓度组(0.1,0.2,0.4,0.8,1.6 g·L-1),噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测HUVECs的活性;Griess法测定一氧化氮(NO)含量;流式细胞仪检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)的水平;钙成像仪测定细胞胞浆内游离钙离子(Ca2-)浓度;比色法及TBA法检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量;蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)蛋白表达水平.结果:与空白组比较,AngⅡ组内皮细胞活力,NO释放,eNOS蛋白表达及SOD活力明显降低,MDA,ROS含量和内皮细胞胞浆内Ca2浓度明显升高(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);与AngⅡ组比较,心肌尔康可剂量依赖性提高内皮细胞活力,促进NO释放、增加eNOS蛋白的表达;升高SOD活力,抑制MDA,ROS含量和内皮细胞胞浆内Ca2浓度的升高,各指标差异均具有显著性(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论:心肌尔康对AngⅡ诱导的内皮损伤具有明显的保护作用,其可能机制为抑制细胞内Ca2超载和降低氧化应激水平.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的了解安徽省沿江地区居民超重肥胖的流行现状及其影响因素,为肥胖的预防控制提供参考依据。方法于2014年4—10月采用分层整群随机抽样方法对在安徽省沿江地区抽取的7 183名居民进行问卷调查和体格检查。结果安徽省沿江地区居民超重率和肥胖率分别为27.8%和6.5%,腹型肥胖率为36.9%;多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,饮酒是安徽省沿江地区居民超重肥胖的危险因素,文化程度大专及以上和单身是安徽省沿江地区居民超重肥胖的保护因素;年龄≥65岁、女性、居住在农村和饮酒是安徽省沿江地区居民腹型肥胖的危险因素,文化程度大专及以上和单身是安徽省沿江地区居民腹型肥胖的保护因素。结论安徽省沿江地区居民肥胖率低于腹型肥胖率,年龄、性别、文化程度、婚姻状况、居住地区和饮酒情况是该地区居民超重肥胖和腹型肥胖的主要影响因素。</span>

目的 应用伤残调整寿命年(disability-adjusted life year,DALY)对安徽省某县2010-2012年的恶性肿瘤疾病负担情况进行综合评价.方法 以该县2010-2012年恶性肿瘤登记系统的监测资料为基础,计算和分析恶性肿瘤的发病率、死亡率和DALY,以此评价该县的恶性肿瘤疾病负担.结果 2010-2012年该县年均粗发病率222.10/10万、年均标化发病率133.75/10万、年均粗死亡率137.54/10万、年均标化死亡率78.31/10万.恶性肿瘤发病的前五位是气管,支气管,肺(C33-C34)、肝脏(C22)、胃(C16)、食管(C15)、结直肠肛门(C18-C21)恶性肿瘤,占所有恶性肿瘤发病的71.31％.恶性肿瘤所致的疾病负担为14.22 DALYs/千人,其中死亡损失寿命年(years of life lost,YLL)为13.23 DALYs/千人(93.01％),伤残损失寿命年(years lived with disability,YLD)为0.99DALYs/千人(6.99％),恶性肿瘤所致疾病负担的前五位依次是肝脏(C22)、气管,支气管,肺(C33-C34)、胃(C16)、食管(C15)、乳房(C50).结论 恶性肿瘤疾病负担主要是由早死所致,疾病负担主要集中在年龄≥45岁人群,恶性肿瘤的防治重点癌种是肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、食管癌和乳腺癌.

目的 了解当地常住居民高血压患病现状及其相关危险因素,为制定高血压的防治措施提供科学依据.方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,以家庭为调查基本单位,抽取安徽省某县5 022名18岁以上的常住居民(居住5年以上者)进行调查.由经过培训的调查人员放户进行问卷调查和健康体检.结果 高血压患病率为17.52％(标化率为14.81％),其中男性和女性患病率分别为18.13％和16.90％.男性和女性高血压患病率随年龄的增加而升高,差异有统计学意义(x2趋势值分别为395.664、488.945,P＜0.01).高血压知晓率为80.80％,高血压控制率为40.34％,药物治疗率为54.09％.多因素logistic回归分析结果示,超重(OR=3.494,95％CI=1.271～9.601)、肥胖(OR=6.722,95％CI=2.290～19.728)、40～岁(OR=9.657,95％CI=6.383～14.609)、60岁以上(OR=37.241,95％CI=23.791～58.294)、腹型肥胖(OR=1.460,95％CI=1.068～1.996)是高血压的危险因素,而中等劳动强度(OR=0.578,95％CI=0.413～0.809)、重度劳动强度(OR=0.370,95％CI=0.269～0.509)是高血压的保护因素.结论 应加强健康运动,合理膳食,促进健康行为的改变,预防和减少高血压的发生发展.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of main non-communicable chronic diseases in a-dult residents of Dingyuan county in Anhui province,and to provide scientific basis for making prevention and control strategies of chronic diseases. Methods Totally 6 359 adult residents in Dingyuan county were selected with multi-stage sampling and questionnaire survey and physical measurements were implemented in the adults. Results The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension,diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were 17. 11%,2. 69%,and 1. 56%,respectively,and the prevalences in male adults were 17. 99%,2. 49%,and 1. 76% and those in female adults were 16. 27%,2. 86%,and 1. 35%,respectively. The prevalences of the diseases were significantly increased with age( P 0. 01). The differences in the prevalences of the diseases between male and female were not statistically significant( P 0. 05),but there were statistically significant differences in the prevalences of the diseases among adult residents in different regions( town and rural area),with different physical status( obesity and non-obesity),and different marriage status( all P 0. 01). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of the diseases were age( odds ratio[OR] hypertension = 1. 080,OR diabetes = 1. 018) and high body mass index( BMI)( OR hypertension = 1. 206,OR diabetes = 1. 080,OR dyslipidemia = 1. 214). However,high labor intensity( OR hypertension = 0. 873,OR diabetes = 0. 644,OR dyslipidemia = 0. 582) was a protective factor. In addition,there existed certain interactions among these three chronic diseases. Conclusion Hypertension,diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia were main health problems among adult residents of Dingyuan county and the corresponding prevention and treatment strategies should be taken based on related influencing factors of the diseases.