采用儿童欺负问卷、父母教养方式问卷和核心自我评价量表,对632名初中生进行调查,以探究内外部因素(主要指核心自我评价、父母教养方式)与受欺负行为的具体关系及作用机制.结果显示:(1)初中生的受欺负程度以及核心自我评价水平在朋友数量、学习成绩方面均存在显著差异,且受欺负程度在年级间存在显著差异,核心自我评价在性别间存在显著差异.(2)核心自我评价可以显著负向预测受欺负行为.(3)父母拒绝、父母过度保护对初中生受欺负行为的预测作用中,核心自我评价起部分中介作用.

语言是心理咨询的重要内容.语言探索和词频统计(language inquiry and word count,LIWC)被广泛用于分析语言使用的心理意义.本研究收集了28名当事人共144次有效咨询录音及每次会谈后当事人的症状自评结果.将录音转录成文本后,抽取当事人的LIWC语言特征,进行主成分降维,结果获得8个因子,解释了总体方差的75.11％.一般线性回归中,躯体感受、功能词、情绪、认知和口语赘词对当事人的症状水平具有显著的预测作用,进一步多层线性模型中,躯体感受和情绪用词显著预测咨询效果.LIWC文本特征能够呈现与当事人症状相关的信息,为未来计算机自动化监控咨询过程和结果提供了新视角.

多种情绪障碍患者的未来情景思考都展现出病理性特点,如偏向性、过度概括化和侵入性表象.表象与情绪的关联假说、未来评估模型、记忆重构模型分别从加工方式、信息加工偏好和情景原材料差异三个视角做了不同的解释.基于未来情景思考的临床干预,如矫正解释偏向、建构特定未来情景能够改善情绪和促进有益行为发生.未来的研究应发展多样的测量方法深入考察未来情景思考与各类情绪障碍之间的关系,厘清针对不同人群的未来情景思考的疗效因子.

Objective:To explore the effect of interpersonal closeness on level and type of envy.Methods:Evoked the evny emotion of participants with the situational evoked approach,and adopted two different measuring methods to measure their envy feelings subsequently through two experiments.The first experiment adopted the direct measuring method while the second experiment adopted the indirect measuring method.Results:The result of the first experiment showed that participants reported lower envy toward the high closeness advantaged others than toward the low closeness advantaged,and they all reported benign envy toward no matter high or low closeness advantaged others;And the second experiment indicated that the participants reported higher envy toward the high closeness advantaged others than toward the low closeness advantaged,and they preferred benign envy toward the high closeness advantaged others while preferred malicious envy toward the low closeness advantaged.Conclusion:All these results indicate that interpersonal closeness influences the envy level and type in college students,and the indirect measuring method may be a more effective tool for measuring envy than the direct measuring method.

目的 探讨羞怯与非羞怯大学生的情绪调节方式及情绪调节的内隐态度.方法 在武汉某高校通过羞怯量表选出羞怯大学生77名,非羞怯大学生79名,分别用情绪调节策略问卷和情绪调节版内隐联想测验进行调查.结果 ①在情绪类别上,羞怯大学生在痛苦、厌恶、内疚、害羞、羞愧、恐惧的得分显著高于非羞怯大学生(t=2.738,2.309,2.587,6.663,3.531,5.385;P ＜0.05);②羞怯大学生在调节正性情绪时,在抑制这种情绪调节方式上的得分显著高于非羞怯大学生(=2.35;P＜0.001);在对负性情绪的忽视、重视、宣泄及自然调节这几种情绪调节方式上的得分,与非羞怯大学生存在显著性差异(t=-3.20,10.30,3.39,2.38;P ＜0.05);③羞怯与非羞怯大学生在情绪调节内隐态度的得分无显著性差异.结论 羞怯大学生对负性情绪的调节量显著多于非羞怯大学生,羞怯大学生在情绪调节方式上存在一定的不适用性.

目的 探讨接受和承诺疗法(ACT)的团体心理辅导对改善社交焦虑大学生的人际交往困难和心理弹性的效果.方法 采用ACT的团体心理辅导对某师范院校7名大学生进行为期8周的团体心理辅导,分别于辅导前1周、后1周、后6周采社交焦虑量表(IAS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、接受和行动问卷(AAQ-Ⅱ)追踪测量社交焦虑、心理症状和心理弹性.结果 团体心理辅导后6周人际关系敏感因子评分较辅导前降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).其余各项评分差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).结论 ACT的团体心理辅导能够有效降低社交焦虑大学生的人际关系敏感性,但对增强心理弹性的效果并不显著.

文章采用了团体辅导的方法对某职业技术学院学生进行辅导,采用实验组与对照组前测加两次后测的准实验设计,验证团体辅导的效果。结果显示,团体辅导对学生情绪调节、心理幸福感有即时性与延续性辅导效果。这说明了积极心理学理论取向的团体辅导对高职学生心理健康教育工作具有指导意义。

Objective: To explore the effects of two distinct modes of self-focused attention on emotion and global negative self-judgment in social anxiety.Methods: The study arranges social contexts to trigger anxiety,and divide subjects into analytical self-focus or experiential self-focus condition respectively through instruction,investigate the emotion and global negative self-judgment.Results: The research ①found that analytical and experiential self-focus did not differ in their effects on anxious mood;②analytical and experiential self-focus had significant difference on the emotion and global negative self-judgment only in high socially anxiety.Conclusion: The functions of the two modes are different,and the experiential self-focus is adaptive,the analytical self-focus is non-adaptive.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">本研究采用问卷法和访谈法对湖北省孤独症儿童和家庭的现状进行调研,结果表明:孤独症儿童的确诊与治疗存在不同程度的延误;孤独症儿童接受的训练主要为语言训练和感觉统合训练,改善主要表现为语言能力和完成指令方面;孤独症儿童的家长面临情绪、社会舆论以及经济压力;家长对培训机构、政府和社会的需求最大。提出以下建议:为家长提供孤独症康复训练的培训机会;成立孤独症家长互助组织,缓解心理压力;政府加大对孤独症干预的投入。</span>

Sudden gains-sudden and large decreases in depression severity in a single between-session interval-were identified by T. Z.Tang and R.J.DeRubeis(1999).This study aimed at investigating the occurrence of sudden gains in the process of therapies in China,as well as its magnitude,session of occurrence,reversal rate and the relationship between sudden gains and outcome.Then it was tested whether the initial symptom severity and working alliance would be associated with sudden gains. 82 clients were involved in this longitudinal study.The depression level of the clients was measured by 5 items related to the depression in OQ-45 before every session.The working alliance was measured by the WAQ(working alliance questionnaire),which was developed by Zhu Xu(2010) based on a qualitative study on Chinese clients.To define the sudden gains,the authors used three criterions as follows:(1) the gain was at least 5 OQ-5 points(the RCI of OQ-5 was equal to 4.98);(2) the gain represented at least 25% of the pregain sessions OQ-5 score;(3) the mean OQ-5 score of the three therapy sessions before the gain was significantly higher than the mean OQ-5 score of the three therapy sessions after the gain. The results;There were 20 clients(24.93%) who experienced at least one sudden gain.The average magnitude was 6.85 OQ-5 points,which accounted for 80.59%of the total change.The mean session of occurrence was 2.25.Three out of 20(15%) clients experienced a reversal before the end of therapy.The sudden gainers had significantly better outcome compared with the other clients(F (1,78)=13.64,p<.000).In addition,the recovery rate of the clients who did not experience sudden gains was 16.13%,which was significantly lower than the 40%recovery rate of the clients who experienced sudden gains,(x~2=5.03,p=.02).Furthermore, the results showed that the initial symptom severity of the sudden gainers was significantly higher than that of the non-sudden gainers(t =-4.28,p<.000).Also,the average level of working alliance through all of the sessions of the sudden gainers were significantly higher than the other clients(t=-2.05;p=.043),and the effect of commitment(one of the dimensions of the working alliance) was significant(t=-2.31,p=.024),which indicated that the sudden gainers had a higher commitment level in the therapies.Besides, there was no significant difference in working alliance either between the first sessions and the pregain sessions,or between the pregain sessions and the postgain sessions. These results suggested that(1) sudden gains did exist in Chinese clients,with earlier session of occurrence and lower reversal rate than the western countries;(2) sudden gainers got better outcome than the other clients;(3) working alliance and initial symptom severity had significant influences on the occurrence of sudden gains. So far,this,as the first study,investigated the sudden gains in Chinese clients.And this study confirmed the influence of the working alliance and initial symptom severity on sudden gains.

It has been proven that attentional bias plays a causal role in the etiology, maintenance, and recurrence of some psychological disorders. And attentional bias training (ABT) becomes a prospective intervention and is beneficial for treating low self-esteem, anxiety disorders, and substance addiction. ABT influences attention at later time points and may mediate top-down attentional control. Future researches should pay more attention to the conditions, mechanisms and the neural mechanisms of the therapeutic effects.

Object relations theory is one of the main genres of modern choanalysis,including a set of similar theories,which first carries out the transformation of psychoanalysis from the model of instinct/drive to the model of relation,It held the idea that the motive behind human's behavior is not to meet the need of dive,but to go for the relation with certain object.It also changes the mental structure of traditional Psychoanalysis,and believe that the relation schema determines individual's mental struture and spritual representation.The Object relations theory bases on the split,it investigates the change process,and believes that it includes maternity split,imagine split,self split and indentification split.Any bad self-object relation developped in certain stage will exert a negetive effect on the interpersonal relationship of real life.

Objective:To probe into the influence of different emotion regulation on BPD patients,in addition,to find out the effective emotion regulation which can relieve symptom of BPD patients.Methods:20 BPD patients participated the experiment,their emotional experience and physiological arousal were examined.Results:As watching negative film 3,cognitive reappraisal group reported less fearful and tensional experiences,and lower heart rate.After watching negative film 3,cognitive reappraisal group showed quicker recovery.Conclusion:Cognitive reappraisal regulation can reduce the negative emotion of patients with BPD.

从脆弱高自尊视角理解人格障碍症状日益受到研究者的关注.过度的防御是脆弱高自尊的典型特征,不稳定的自我概念建构和不安全的依恋关系影响着脆弱高自尊的形成.偏执、自恋、边缘人格障碍症状的产生、维持和水平与脆弱高自尊有着紧密的联系.未来应更加注意几种脆弱高自尊的相互关系、均衡性及概念的异质性等方面在人格障碍症状领域中的研究.

如何有效地进行考前调适,避免失利的产生,使考生达到良好的状态是亟需解决的问题。

The characteristics of emotional experience, emotion recognition and emotion regulation of Alexithymics at home and abroad were reviewed in this thesis. Alexithymics usually have deficits in emotional experiences, besides, they cannot experience lively and deeply. When the tasks of emotion recognition are more complex, they perform worse. They have deficits in all aspects of emotion regulation, such as behavior regulation, cognitive regulation, automatic processing and social communication, etc. In addition, the physiological mechanism of the emotion processing at home and abroad was introduced. Finally, the directions of future research and some problems need to be resolved were discussed.

Rapid early response and sudden gain are both special and meaningful phenomena in the change process during psychotherapy.The rapid early response represents the rapid and large symptom improvements which occur in the early stage,while sudden gain can be described as sudden improvements of many individual patients' symptoms,in some cases dramatically,in between-sessions interval.These two phenomena can improve the understanding of counseling process and the study of change mechanism of counseling.

Many foreign scholars in mental health have paid widespread attention to the field of emotional responding in borderline personality disorder(BPD).At the same time,many studies showed that emotional responding is considered to be a central problem in probing the pathogenesis of BPD.This article discussed the characteristics of emotional responding and diagnostic model about BPD.We hope the present discussion can offer a theoretic framework for further study in therapy,diagnosis and evaluation of BPD.

Objective: To explore the theoretical model of vocational personality of military officers in China, and provide theoretical bases for practice in psychological education, training, evaluation and selection of them. Methods: 135 military officers completed open investigation questionnaire. Results: The theoretical model consisted of sixteen first-order factors and three second-order factors. Three second-order factors were labeled as follows: military virtue, mission and interpersonal relationship. The military virtue dimension included four first-order factors: loyalties, braveness, sacrifice spirit and collectivity consciousness. The mission-oriented dimension included nine first-order factors: responsibility, enterprise, self consciousness, leadership, brightness, emotion, independence, plan and willpower. The interpersonal relationship dimension included three first-order factors: extraversion, social ability and modest. Conclusion: The theoretical model of vocational personality of military officers in China is a complicated structure consisting of multiple dimensions.

Objective:To explore:①The change of gastrin-releasing peptide mRNA and protein during fear conditioning,and the correlation between this change and fear memory.②The interaction between GRP and Diazepam during fear memory.Methods:30 male SD rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups.After fear-conditioning training,retention tests were conducted to rats treated with or without diazepam either 30 minutes or 24 hours after training.Then the amygadala of the animals were isolated,semi-quantified RT-PCR were applied to measure GRP mRNA level,and semi-quantified western-bolt were applied to determine GRP protein level.Results:①Fear conditioning training could significantly increase the memory of conditioning context both in the 30 min and 24h groups.②Fear conditioning training could significantly increase the level of GRP mRNA and protein both in the 30 min and 24h groups,and there were significant correlation between freezing and GRP mRNA and protein.③GRP level decreased significantly when treated with diazepam.Conclusion:GRP may be a feedback factor of fear memory,it may be valuable in treating PTSD.Diazempam's complicated role for fear memory may have something to do with GRP.