目的 建立一种评价PBMC基因组DNA制备质量的简便有效的方法.方法 本研究采用实时定量PCR技术,对样本中的单拷贝基因36B4进行扩增,以考察扩增效率与样品质量之间的关系.结果 经DNase Ⅰ处理的基因组DNA中的36B4扩增效率显著低于未处理样品.采用该方法,对18份健康志愿者的血液标本基因组样品进行检测分析,结果显示,其可以有效地评估血液标本基因组制备质量.结论 该方法可用于评价健康体检标本采集中的流程和操作对体检的影响,提高涉及基因组DNA检测体检项目的准确性.

Objective To evaluate the short-term intervention results in patients with type two diabetes mellitus(T2DM) and hypertension.Methods Four hundred and two patients from Shanghai Yangpu District diagnosed with type 2 diabetic and hypertension were randomly divided into intervention group(n=200) and control group(n=202).The intervention period was one year.Results In the intervention group,fasting plasma glucose(FPG),2hPG,HbA1c were decreased by 7.57%,10.55% and 9.16%,respectively(P0.05).In the control group,the 2 hours glucose load blood glucose(2hPG) decreased by 10.27%;the diastolic blood pressure(DBP) decreased by 4.92%;the glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) was increased by 10.85%,and the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).After the intervention,the difference of systolic blood pressure(SBP),DBP,FPG,2hPG,HbA1c between the two groups was significantly(t values were 3.966,-2.932,9.784,4.942,2.539,respectively,P0.05).The cognitive level of hypertension was significantly higher in the intervention group as compared to the control group.Conclusion ①The short-term intervention can significantly improve the blood pressure and blood glucose level as compared to the blood lipid.②Compared with the blood pressure and blood lipids,the blood glucose level may be the first indicator in short-term intervention evaluation.③Health education carried out in diabetic patients with hypertension is necessary and effective.

许多糖尿病患者化验血脂时,会发现血甘油三酯(TG)明显升高,总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)也会升高,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)常有偏低.

Objective To investigate the effect of dietary fatty acids composition on insulin resistance in OLETF rats. Methods Forty 14-week-old male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty(OLETF) rats were ran-domizedly divided into 4 groups(n = 10, each). They were fed with standard diet(A) , high fat diet(C) , high n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) diet(D) and high n-3 PUFA diet(E), respectively for 10 weeks. Ten male LE-TO rats served as control were fed with standard diet. Oral glucose tolerance tests, C peptide and immunoreactive insulin(IRI) were measured. Hyperinsulinemia clamp was used to evaluate the insulin resistance of the rats. Results At the age of 24-weeks, all OLETF rats except group E had higher levels of fasting plasma glucose, 120' postloading plasma glucose and IRI than those of the control group(P 0.05). However, the levels of fasting and 120' postloading C peptide were similar in all groups. In addition, LETO and group E rats had higher level of glucose infusion rate than group C and D rats(P 0.05). Conclusion The OLETF rats had higher levels of plasma glucose and lower insulin sensitivity than the LETO rats, suggesting that diet with high n-3 PUFA may improve glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in OLETF rats.

随着经济的迅速发展和人民生活条件的不断改善,近20年糖代谢障碍(糖尿病、空腹血糖受损、糖耐量受损)患病率不断上升,使得与之相关的心血管及代谢性疾病的发生明显增加,其中2型糖尿病(DM)已成为中老年人最常见的慢性非传染性疾病之一.为了解五角场社区中老年人群血糖水平及糖代谢障碍现状,制订合理的防治计划,笔者对辖区内696名社区中老年人进行了糖代谢异常及其危险因素的现况调查.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of exendin-4 on glucose level of streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methods Male eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups: aqua-injected group, exendin-4 0.1 μg/g weight group, STZ group, STZ+exendin-4 (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 μg/g weight) groups. The blood glucose levels were determined on the first 10 days during the treatment and on day 12, 15, 18, 24 after the treatment. All mice were subjected to an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) on day 30. Results There was no statistical difference between the groups of aqua-injected group and exendin-4 groups 0.1 μg/g weight group during and after the treatment. As compared with STZ treated group only, STZ+varying doses of exendin-4 groups showed a lower blood glucose level throughout the study (P 0.05); the 0.1 μg/g weight dose gave the best result, there was no significant difference as compared with the aqua-injected group in normal mice (P 0.05), and there was no notable difference among the three groups after the treatment. The results of IPGTT on 30th day showed no distinct difference either.Conclusion Exendin-4 would not lead to hypoglycemia in normal mice but can improve the hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic mice, it also has a prolonged effect on blood glucose level independent of dose.

2型糖尿病病人中,往往存在胰岛素的第一相分泌缺陷,它作为早期糖耐量受损的标志越来越受到人们重视.

抵抗素是脂肪细胞分泌的一种多肽类信号分子,它能拮抗胰岛素的作用,在肥胖导致的胰岛素抵抗中发挥作用,被认为是联系肥胖和2型糖尿病的纽带.它的发现对于肥胖症和2型糖尿病的防治具有重要意义.

2型糖尿病是胰岛素分泌和功能两者损害的结果,第一相分泌减弱或缺失,这种现象常发生在糖代谢受损的早期阶段,人体不能正常的抑制胰高血糖素分泌、降低肝糖原的输出和糖异生,从而严重影响餐后血糖的稳定,在糖耐量异常发展成2型糖尿病的过程中有关键作用[1,2].

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pioglitazone hydrochloride 30 mg/day with sulphonylureas and metfomin in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.METHODS:There were 283 patients treated with sulphonylureas and metfomin randomized in this multicenter double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients who had 7.0 mmol/L </= fasting plasma glucose(FPG) < 13.0 mmol/L were randomized to receive placebo or pioglitazone 30 mg once daily for 12 weeks.RESULTS:The patients who had been treated with pioglitazone 30 mg showed significant decrease on average from baseline in FPG(1.1 mmol/L versus 0.4 mmol/L, P < 0.001), postprandial plasma glucose(PPG,1.5 mmol/L versus 0.3 mmol/L, P < 0.001), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c, 0.7% versus 0.4%, P < 0.01). AS for fasting plasma insulin (FIns) levels decreased, significant difference was also observed in the two groups (P < 0.05). HOMA-IR had significant mean decrease in the pioglitazone group as compared with placebo group (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION:Pioglitazone 30 mg/day for 12 weeks might improve the metabolic control and the insulin sensitivity in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes with previous administration of sulphonylureas and metfomin. It provides a safety and tolerance profile for type 2 diabetes mellitus in this trial.

Objective To study the effect of exercise on the early diagnostic indexes of diabetic nephropathy, such as microalbuminuria(Alb),cuproprotein(CP), retinal binded protein(RBP), transferrin(TRF) and creatinine(Cr).Methods All subjects were divided into exercise group and non exercise group.The submaximal exercise tests were carried out in exercise group and the Alb/Cr, TRF/Cr RBP/Cr and CP/Cr were measured and compared before and after exercise. Results After exercise, the Alb/Cr was significantly higher than that before exercise, but the RBP/Cr, CP/Cr and TRF/Cr didn't change significantly. In the four indexes measured at the same time in exercise group didn't not significantly change.Conclusion Urine Alb/Cr,CP/Cr,TRF/Cr,RBP/Cr can be considered as supplementary indexes of urine Alb in diagnosis of early diabetic nephropathy, and CP/Cr, TRF/Cr, RBP/Cr are not significantly affected by exercise.

为分析2型糖尿病病人早期微量白蛋白尿(M-Alb)与其他的诊断指标的关系,以24hM-Alb量作为标准,同时测定和计算晨尿Alb/Cr,铜蓝蛋白/Cr(CP/Cr),视黄醇结合蛋白/Cr(RBP/Cr),转铁蛋白/Cr(TRF/Cr),氨基糖苷酶活性/Cr(NAG/Cr)及空腹血血管性假血友病因子(vWF),唾液酸(SA).结果:24hM-Alb与晨尿Alb/Cr,CP/Cr,TRF/Cr,NAG/Cr及血SA有显著相关性.结论:提示晨尿Alb/Cr,CP/Cr,TRF/Cr,NAG/Cr及空腹血SA可以作为24hM-Alb的补充和辅助检测手段.

Objective To observe the renoprotective effects of angiotensin Ⅱ (ATⅡ) receptor antagonist, L-158809 and to explore its potential mechanisms. Methods The experimental rats consisted of normal control and type 2 diabetic model groups with or without treatment of L-158809 (2 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ) for 16 weeks. Blood glucose, HbA 1c , serum immunoreactive insulin, serum creatinine, mean arterial blood pressure, creatinine clearance (Ccr) and urinary albumin excretion index (UAEI) as well as plasma and renal ATⅡ content were measured. The kidney morphological changes were examined by renal histopathology. Marix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) expression in renal tissues were studied by immunohistochemistry, zymography and Western blot. Results In type 2 diabetic rats, L-158809 restored the blood pressure (P0.05), Ccr (P0.01) and UAEI (P0.01) to normal level, increased the plasma and renal content of ATⅡmarkedly (P0.001 and P0.01) and alleviated the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) (P0.01). Meanwhile L-158809 enhanced the MMP-2 staining intensity in glomeruli by 2.2 times (P0.01) and improved the gelatinolytic activities of MMP-2 in renal cortex by 85% (P0.01), whereas TIMP-2 staining in glomeruli as well as TIMP-2 content in renal cortex still remained high. Conclusion L-158809 exerts beneficial effects on kidneys of type 2 diabetic rats. Improved ECM turnover and degradation may contribute to the ameliorative effect of L-158809 on the accumulation of ECM in glomeruli.

目的 研究２型糖尿病患者的脂蛋白（ａ）〔Ｌｐ（ａ）〕浓度和载脂蛋白（ａ）〔ａｐｏ（ａ）〕的多态性以及与糖尿病慢性并发症的关系。方法 本研究用改良的Ｕｔｅｒｍａｎｎ和Ｇｕｏ方法对４０名非糖尿病对照和１７６名２型糖尿病患者进行ａｐｏ（ａ）分型检测，观察其与Ｌｐ（ａ）浓度以及微血管和大血管并发症之间的关系，包括肾脏病变、视网膜病变、神经病变、高血压、冠心病、脑梗塞。结果 ４０名非糖尿病对照之ａｐｏ（ａ）