The khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts) is among the world’s most destructive invasive pests, threatening food security and international trade. Its larvae exhibit exceptional resilience to extreme cold, enabling expansion beyond typical habitats. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its cold tolerance remain largely unexplored due to limited genomic resources. We generated the first chromosome-level genome assembly for T. granarium (327 Mb, contig N50 = 883 kb), identifying 19,112 protein-coding genes across 9 chromosomes (99.0

We report the first draft genome sequence of Ovulinia azaleae (strain CBS 680.88). The long-read assembly resulted in a 56.83 Mb genome with an N50 of 3.05 Mb and 10,707 predicted protein-coding genes. The high-quality Ovulinia azaleae genome resource provides insights into the mechanisms of azalea petal blight.

Bruchids cause significant damage to stored products. Such damage can be reduced by real-time detection during the early stages of infestation. The sound of movement of adult Callosobruchus chinensis, C. maculatus, C. analis, Zabrotes subfasciatus and the sound of larvae feeding on red beans (Vigna angularis) and green beans (Vigna radiata) at 10, 17, 24, 31, and 38 degrees C, were recorded using an insect probe that was inserted into the soundproof box. The recorded sounds were analyzed in the time-frequency domain using Cool Edit PRO acoustic software. The characteristic sound parameters were determined by counting and analyzing the pulse numbers of insect sound, the pulse peak of insect sound, the highest frequency of insect sound and the pulse duration of insect sound. The optimal temperature for studying the larvae of four Bruchid species feeding on red beans and green beans was found to be 31 degrees C. At the optimum temperature, the four Bruchid species larvae could be distinguished by characteristic sound parameters. In the characteristic sound parameters of four Bruchid larvae feeding on red and green beans, there were significant differences respectively in pulse duration among the four Bruchid species (P < 0.05). The result indicated that pulse duration could distinguish four Bruchid. Additionally, the pulse numbers of insect sound in characteristic sound parameters from green beans further enabled differentiation among the four Bruchid species.

玉米作为我国进口粮食的重要种类,进口数量逐年增加.进境玉米携带的病原物形态特征复杂,常规分离纯化手段难以获得检测目标,导致日常检测工作难度大,而且检测效率低,检测速度慢.分子生物学检测技术具有快速、准确、简便、灵敏等优点,既可以满足玉米快速通关要求,又可以有效地检测出玉米携带的有害生物,因此该技术被广泛应用于玉米病害检测.该文主要综述了基于PCR的分子生物检测方法和纳米孔测序技术在玉米病害检测中的应用现状及前景.

BACKGROUND: Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts), one of the most important quarantine pests globally, is capable of causing severe infestation and huge economic loss to stored grain, and its interception rate has increased in major global trade countries over the past few years. However, difficulties remain in distinguishing this species with similar ones. In order to assist border ports and warehouses in khapra beetle ' s effective rapid identification as well as pest control at the early stages ofmonitoring or interception, we herein developed a newand rapid visual detection assay for T. granariumbased on recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and the CRISPR/Cas12a system. RESULTS: We designed and selected the first khapra beetle-specific RPA primers and crRNA, and optimized the visualization reaction system (Cas12a/CrRNA = 100 nM/500 nM). With only a 37 degrees C-heat-source and a blue light torch, RPA and CRISPR/ CAS12a-based visualization assays can be completed within 40 min to differentiate between khapra beetle and nine similar Dermestidae species. After DNA extraction using a kit (4-5 h) or a simple method (5 min), the specific amplicons were obtained after a 15 min RPA reaction at 37 degrees C, followed by a 15 min color reaction under 37 degrees C in dark conditions using a CRISPR/CAS12a system and a fluorescent probe (5 '-FAM/3 '-BHQ1 labeled). This method is ingenious to low levels of DNA (10(-1) ng mu L-1) and meets the sensitivity requirements for detecting a single khapra beetle's egg (approximate to 0.7 mm). CONCLUSION: Our specificity and sensitivity analysis inferred that the present visualization system is effective to quickly and uniquely detect khapra beetle at room temperature (37 degrees C), thereby preventing this species before they spread widely. Our study is suitable for being pushed forward in storage pest management, and provides value as a reference for monitoring and identification of other pests. (c) 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.

1 光肩星天牛入侵美国 1996年8月,纽约市Boroklyn的长岛地区发现美国未有的天牛——光肩星天牛,严重危害行道树等城市绿化树木.12月纽约市发布了一项针对光肩星天牛的紧急检疫法令,美国农业部动植物检疫局迅速在这些地方建立了检疫区,以控制光肩星天牛的传播扩散,并采取诸如砍伐、烧毁受光肩星天牛侵袭树木等措施,希望根除光肩星天牛,同时发布紧急通报,号召市民提供受光肩星天牛侵袭的树木信息.但根除行动进行了两年,光肩星天牛却仍在纽约继续蔓延为害.

为明确苏州东山地区为害果树的小蠹种类,通过对苏州东山果树种植区进行系统调查,共发现7属8种小蠹,新增6种.给出了所有种类的雌成虫高清图片,为苏州地区果树小蠹防治提供参考.

南京禄口机场海关截获了一批旅客从巴西携带入境的金山葵种子,送南京海关实验室检出豆象.通过形态学和分子生物学方法,对该虫进行了物种鉴定.鉴定结果表明该虫为椰子粗腿豆象.该虫在我国尚无分布记录,为国内口岸首次截获.该虫一般随带果的棕榈寄主种苗进行远距离传播,一旦传入我国,将对我国的农林安全造成巨大威胁,各口岸须加强对进境种苗的检验检疫.

为了解上海共青森林公园病虫害发生及天敌资源状况,自2018年4月起对公园按绿地园林植物进行了病虫害调查.调查共采集昆虫255种,其中园林害虫192种,病害10种,天敌昆虫53种,传粉昆虫4种,腐食性昆虫2种,水生昆虫4种.该研究结果可为上海共青森林公园病虫害防控技术研究积累丰富的本底资料.

Due to varietal differences, diminutive size, and similar morphological characters, it is difficult to classify and identify Liriomyza spp., a genus comprised of economically-important, highly-polyphagous insect pests. In this study, we reconfirmed the morphological characteristics of three closely-related invasive leafminers, L. trifolii, L. sativae, and L. huidobrensis. Morphological results showed that characteristics imparted by the male genitalia were the most reliable morphological features for identification. The colors exhibited by vertical setae were variable among species, and the ratio of the length of the ultimate section of vein CuA(1) divided by penultimate section also varied within species. Although the patterns of abdominal tergites were diverse among Liriomyza spp., L. trifolii exhibited a unique pattern with a yellow patch at the 5th black visible tergite; this pattern can be profiled as a prominent characteristic for morphological identification. In order to identify the three Liriomyza spp. quickly and accurately, we developed an improved molecular identification method using multiplex PCR based on the gene encoding mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI); this method enabled direct identification based on the size of amplified products. The results of this study provide a valuable reference for the identification of Liriomyza spp., which will ultimately improve our ability to control individual species.

为了探究不同寄主对谷斑皮蠹种群发育的影响,本文研究了温度(35±1)℃,湿度65％±5％条件下,谷斑皮蠹取食花生、大麦、小麦和油菜籽时的发育时长、存活率和生殖力等生命表参数.结果 表明,取食油菜籽的谷斑皮蠹各虫态的发育时长长于花生、大麦和小麦上的,且这3种寄主上的各虫态发育时长之间无明显差异.取食花生的谷斑皮蠹存活率和生殖力参数最高(平均寿命除外);取食大麦和小麦的谷斑皮蠹具有相似的存活率和生殖力参数,取食油菜籽的谷斑皮蠹存活率和生殖力参数最低(平均寿命除外).以上说明取食4种不同寄主的谷斑皮蠹均可正常完成生长发育,花生最适合谷斑皮蠹生长,而油菜籽最不适合谷斑皮蠹生长.

依据形态学特征,对截获自泰国进口椰色果上的凹头臭蚁进行种类鉴定.经鉴定,该批凹头臭蚁为南方凹头臭蚁Philidris notiala Zhou&Zheng,经中国检验检疫科学研究院动植物检疫信息资源共享服务平台查询,系全国口岸首次截获.南方凹头臭蚁由周善义等人于1998年描述,此前仅知分布于中国广西的北流市,本次从来自泰国的椰色果上检出,是其在泰国分布的首次报道,是泰国新记录种.通过记述南方凹头臭蚁工蚁的形态特征,首次描述了该种雌蚁形态特征,给出了其与近缘种的区别,列出了世界凹头臭蚁属名录及分布信息,拍摄了工蚁和雌蚁成虫整体图,为该种的检疫鉴定、分布调查及防治提供参考.

本文对北美洲云杉属植物上的9种齿小蠹的寄主、分布、形态特征及生物学习性等进行描述,并提供这9种齿小蠹及其近似种的检索表,以期为检疫鉴定提供基础资料.

Liriomyza is a large genus that includes polyphagous and invasive species (L. trifolii, L. sativae, and L. huidobrensis), and oligophagous species such as L. Chinensis in China. Effective control of these invasive and oligophagous species is not easy due to the fast invasion rate, interspecific competition, and pesticide resistance. In this study, we investigated population genetics of five Liriomyza species L. trifolii, L. sativae, L. huidobrensis, L. bryoniae, and L. chinensis based on COI and EF-1a genes, and microsatellite DNA. These five Liriomyza species revealed highly conservative characteristics in the COI gene among populations collected from different geographical regions and host plants. By contrast, the mutation rate of the EF-1a gene was higher than COI, and phylogenetic tree based on EF-1a showed that haplotypes of L. trifolii and L. sativae were not distinguished well. Genetic differentiation in microsatellite loci was obvious among the five species. Our results also indicated that geographic isolation had a greater impact on genetic differentiation in L. trifolii than the host plant. Populations of L. trifolii in China showed a high to moderate level of genetic differentiation and they had divided into two groups representing the coastal areas of southern China and northern regions. The genetic diversity of the southern group was higher than the northern group. We speculated that the invasion of L. trifolii likely occurred in southern regions of China and then spread northward. Bottleneck analyses revealed that the L. trifolii population in China was in a steady growth period.

A previously unknown bark beetle species, Cryphalus eriobotryae sp. nov. Johnson, 2019 has emerged as a lethal pest of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) in China. The description of new species has been provided. The new species is distinguished from the other Cryphalus by the weakly aciculate frons, by the antennae, with unevenly spaced procurved sutures, by the short pronotal disc, with hair-like setae, and by the widely spaced mesocoxae. The survey of plantation records from around Suzhou suggests that this beetle was introduced from another area not long before 2017. In the surveyed loquat plantation in 2018, 20-90% of trees showed signs of infestation, and 5% were killed in 2018, resulting in the death of over 1000 trees. Outbreaks of the apparently loquat-specific Cryphalus eriobotryae can be diagnosed by hundreds of cankers on the trunk, and wilted foliage. This pest is of concern as a loquat plantation pest and as a pest of fruit production and ornamental trees within Suzhou, and globally.

A previously unknown bark beetle species, Cryphalus eriobotryae sp. nov. Johnson, 2019 has emerged as a lethal pest of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) in China. The description of new species has been provided. The new species is distinguished from the other Cryphalus by the weakly aciculate frons, by the antennae, with unevenly spaced procurved sutures, by the short pronotal disc, with hair-like setae, and by the widely spaced mesocoxae. The survey of plantation records from around Suzhou suggests that this beetle was introduced from another area not long before 2017. In the surveyed loquat plantation in 2018, 20–90% of trees showed signs of infestation, and 5% were killed in 2018, resulting in the death of over 1000 trees. Outbreaks of the apparently loquat-specific Cryphalus eriobotryae can be diagnosed by hundreds of cankers on the trunk, and wilted foliage. This pest is of concern as a loquat plantation pest and as a pest of fruit production and ornamental trees within Suzhou, and globally.

长期以来纹盾材小蠹Xyleborinus artestriatus(Eichhoff 1878)在我国的记录一直不明,本文通过野外标本采集和实验室内显微镜观察,对纹盾材小蠹的形态描述、寄主和分布进行记述,发现纹盾材小蠹在中国南方广泛分布,本文还提供绒盾小蠹属Xyleborinus在中国(大陆)所有已知种类检索表.研究标本保存在苏州出入境检疫检疫局与美国佛罗里达大学.

DNA barcoding is a recently developed technique for species-level identification that involves the use of short, standard DNA sequences as species labels. It is an effective complement to traditional taxonomic classification based on morphology. At present, research and applications involving the DNA barcoding of the Pseudococcidae are focused primarily on the cytochrome coxidase subunit I (COI) gene, but there is not yet a consensus on the preferred gene region for barcoding. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of identification of Pseudococcidae beetles using DNA barcoding technology. The COI gene sequences of 97 samples from 21 species of Asemini were analysed, followed by evaluation of the ability to identify species using a tree-building method and distance evaluation. The COI sequences (500 bp) exhibited distinct distributions of intra-specific and inter-specific variation and a significant barcoding gap. The success rate of identification was 97.84%. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using this segment of COI to identify most species of Pseudococcidae.

Liriomyza chinensis is a serious pest of onions in many countries, especially in East Asia. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of this species and compared it with five other Agromyzidae species. The L . chinensis mitogenome is a double-stranded 16,175 bp circular molecule with an A + T content of 78.3%. It contains 37 genes and a control region as do the sequenced Liriomyza species. The mitogenomes of L . chinensis and other Agromyzidae species showed a clear bias in nucleotide composition with a positive AT-skew. Most PCGs used standard ATN as start codons, and TAN as termination codons. The tRNAs exhibited the typical clover-leaf structure, except for tRNASer (AGN) and the two rRNA genes are conserved with those of other Agromyzids. The L . chinensis mitogenome control region included several conserved regions, including a poly-T, two (TA)n and one poly-A stretch, which are considered important replication and transcription. The 13 PCGs were used to study the phylogeny of L . chinensis and five related Agromyzids. Analysis by maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference and genetic distance suggest congruent phylogenetic relationships in Liriomyza spp. and provide a useful supplement to taxonomic classification by morphology.