长牡蛎和福建牡蛎分别是我国北方和南方沿海重要的养殖贝类.为比较分析二者的动态生长情况,实验基于动态能量收支理论(DEB),以连续监测的水温和叶绿素a浓度为强制因子,通过现场实验、模型调试和文献查阅等方式获取模型参数,利用Python 2.7软件分别构建了桑沟湾长牡蛎、深沪湾福建牡蛎的个体生长模型,并以两种牡蛎的实测生长数据进行验证.结果显示:①所构建的DEB模型能够较好地模拟长牡蛎、福建牡蛎的个体生长情况(壳高、软组织湿重等),模拟值与实测值之间相关性显著;②长牡蛎和福建牡蛎的温度耐受上限(TH)、温度耐受下限(TL)、半饱和常数(FH)等参数存在差异,这可能与不同海域的理化环境、食物组成及牡蛎的选择性摄食有关;③在模拟周期内,受温度和食物的双重限制,长牡蛎冬季生长缓慢,而福建牡蛎处于持续增长状态,期间主要受到食物的限制.本研究结果可为后续生态系统模型构建和牡蛎养殖容量评估提供基础数据.

采用解剖卵母细胞体外浸泡促熟的方法,研究了5-羟色胺(5-HT)和氨海水对钝缀锦蛤(Tapes conspersus)卵母细胞的促熟作用.结果表明,采用一定浓度的5-HT和氨海水浸泡均能够显著诱导钝缀锦蛤卵母细胞的生发泡破裂(P<0.05),5-HT和氨海水浸泡的卵母细胞受精率相差不大(P>0.05).其中,10μmol/L 5-HT浸泡卵母细胞60 min获得的受精率最高,达到48.57％;0.020％氨海水浸泡卵母细胞45 min获得的受精率最高,达到50.75％,但畸形较多.

为探究钝缀锦蛤(Tapes conspersus)稚贝对盐度、pH、氨氮的适应性,本研究在室内可控条件下,分析了不同盐度(10、15、20、25、30、35、40)、pH(2.5、3.0、3.5、4.0、4.5、5.0、5.5、6.0、6.5、7.0、7.5、8.0、8.5、9.0、9.5、10.0)、氨氮(0.5、1、5、10、20、50、100、250 mg/L)对钝缀锦蛤稚贝的生长和存活的影响.不同盐度条件下实验结果表明,钝缀锦蛤稚贝的最适生长和生存盐度为25～35.不同pH条件下实验结果表明,钝缀锦蛤稚贝生存的适宜pH为4.0～8.5,稚贝对低pH耐受性比高pH更强.不同氨氮条件下实验结果表明,氨氮浓度在0.5～10.0 mg/L范围内,稚贝的存活率均为100％;氨氮浓度大于20.0 mg/L时,随着氨氮浓度的升高,稚贝存活率显著下降;在24 h内,不同氨氮浓度下各组稚贝均存活良好,存活率均大于98.33％;48 h、72 h和96 h时,稚贝的半致死浓度分别为123.68、77.36、49.00 mg/L,安全浓度分别为12.37、7.74、4.90 mg/L.

福建省是我国海洋渔业大省,海水养殖产量位居全国第一,海洋捕捞产量位居全国第三,海洋渔业为保障优质动物蛋白供给、提高全民营养健康水平、促进渔业产业兴旺和渔民生活富裕等做出突出贡献,同时,在实现碳中和/减排二氧化碳、净化水质/缓解水域富营养化等生态服务功能方面也发挥着重要作用.该文在广泛调研福建省海洋渔业资源禀赋、发展现状、制度建设等方面的基础上,深入剖析福建省海水养殖、伏季休渔、限额捕捞、增殖渔业等面临的问题和挑战,综合分析了国内外渔业高效管理和实践的成功案例,从发展环境友好型的海水养殖业和发展资源养护型的捕捞业两个方面,提出了适宜福建省海洋渔业绿色发展的实施路径、保障措施和政策建议,以期为福建省海洋渔业绿色发展提供技术支撑.

本研究采用MISA软件分析泥东风螺(Babylonia lutosa)转录组中微卫星信息.结果 显示,从转录组中共获得16324个SSR,共有181种重复基元;泥东风螺转录组中不同类型微卫星的重复基元具有不同的分布特征,其中,二核苷酸重复基元中AC/GT(70.58％)重复基元以重复6次出现频率占优;长度为12～20 bp的SSR占63.95％,长度为21～25 bp的SSR占9.14％,总体的平均长度为18.4 bp.随机选取其中50条序列设计引物,通过对福建野生泥东风螺群体(WP)DNA样本进行PCR扩增和分型,结果获得23个多态性位点,等位基因数目为2～7个不等,期望杂合度(Ne)为0.190～0.937,观察杂合度(N0)为0.065～0.936,多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.061～0.777,有4个位点显著偏离哈迪温伯格平衡(Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,HWE) (P＜0.05).对野生群体和养殖群体(BP)遗传多样性分析显示,野生群体和养殖群体的平均Ne分别为0.491和0.544,平均No分别为0.477和0.564,平均PIC分别为0.541和0.407.Fis结果显示,野生群体和养殖群体分别有13个和9个位点杂合子过剩.群体间遗传分化指数(Fst)为0.001～0.655,平均值为0.053 (0.05＜Fst＜0.15),属于中等程度分化.群体间的基因流值(Mm)为0.132～543.787,平均为4.450.两群体间的遗传距离为0.892,表明群体间的遗传分化小.本研究结果表明,泥东风螺野生群体和养殖群体均具有较高的遗传多样性,具有很大的选育潜力,开发的泥东风螺SSR标记对泥东风螺的群体遗传结构、图谱构建、增殖放流效果评估和分子辅助育种等研究方面具有重要意义.

2017年9月至2018年1月,在福清东壁岛三联垦区(A、B、C)开展了菲律宾蛤仔垦区人工育苗技术研究,其中A、B垦区用于育苗,C垦区用于饵料培育,并于2017年9月开始分两批次共向A、B垦区投放菲律宾蛤仔亲贝1670 t.结果显示,育苗期间菲律宾蛤仔亲贝共出现4次大规模产卵.亲贝精卵排放率为32.0％ ～84.0％,孵化率为45.00％ ～68.54％;浮游幼虫生长速度为4.73～7.14μm/d,变态率为28.37％ ～59.67％;稚贝壳长生长速度为7.08～25.10μm/d,共培育砂粒苗7580亿粒,育苗成活率为50.23％.因此,采用垦区三联方法可保障菲律宾蛤仔苗种的生物饵料供给,从而提高砂粒苗的生长速度和成活率.

为研究菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)育苗垦区浮游植物群落和水质因子的变化特征,在育苗期定期取样检测垦区水质因子和浮游植物群落的变化情况,并分析了两者的相关性.结果显示在菲律宾蛤仔育苗垦区共鉴定浮游植物3门46 属123 种,其中硅藻占绝大多数;冗余分析表明温度、盐度和活性磷酸盐是影响浮游植物分布的三大因素,因此在实际生产过程中增加磷肥投放有助于低水温期浮游植物密度的增加.

应用单因素方差分析、聚类分析、主成分分析和判别分析方法,对海州(HZ)、南浦(NP)、莱州(LZ)、莆田(PT)和汕尾(SW)等不同海域的5个菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)野生群体形态数据进行比较分析.单因素方差分析表明HZ群体在多个形态参数上与其它组差异显著;聚类分析显示HZ群体与其它组距离较大;主成分分析共提取2个主成分,贡献率为28.28％和20.77％,累计贡献率为49.05％,散布图表明HZ群体与其他组区分明显;建立了5个群体的判别函数,判别准确率P1和P2均为36.0％ ～80.0％,综合判别率为53.6％,HZ群体的判别率最高.以上结果说明HZ群体与其它4组形态差异显著.

为改进菲律宾蛤仔苗种中间培育技术,对福建省晋江市围头湾浅海中培的菲律宾蛤仔稚贝生长和海区环境进行了调查分析.结果 显示,从2019年1月到4月,海区水温逐渐上升,盐度逐渐下降,但均处于菲律宾蛤仔稚贝适宜范围;浮游植物以硅藻为主,1月份密度为5 100个/L,4月份密度为8 300个/L;菲律宾蛤仔稚贝壳长由(2.33±0.75) mm生长至(11.14±2.52) mm,成活率为30.30％.

The complete mitochondrial genome sequences and 16SRNA and COXⅠgenes sequences were analyzed in snail Babylonia lutosa and three wild population of the snail by PCR amplification and direct sequencing and by the biological software to evaluate the snail genetic evolution and population genetic diversity.The results showed that the tRNA-Met, tRNA-Tyr, tRNA-Cys, tRNA-Trp, tRNA-GLn, tRNA-GLy, tRNA-GLu and tRNA-Thr were located in the L chain of circular mitochondria.There was mitochondrial genome similarities of 70.1％—92.9％in 18species in Gastropoda, with more similarities of 12S RNA′s and 16SRNA′s in the complete mitochondrial genome than in other mitochondrial genes.The highly variable areas were found in 391—491bp area of 12SRNA, in 1—91bp and 361—481bp area of 16S RNA, with highly conservative area in 1191—1317bp area of 16SRNA.A total of 40polymorphic nuclecotide sites were detected in three wild populations, which were defined as 26haplotypes.Amplification and sequencing of F5primers revealed that the snail had haplotype diversity of (0.406±0.112) — (0.532±0.113) and nucleotide diversity of (0.00094±0.00124) — (0.00111±0.00123) .The genetic distance was found to be 0.00099between Bei Hai population and Chang Le population and 0.00094between Bei Hai and Lian Jiang population.The findings can provide reference for evaluation of evolution, artificial breeding and germplasm resources protection of snail B.lutosa.

对福建牡蛎(Crassostrea angulata)黄壳色选育群体和普通群体的常规营养成分、矿物元素、氨基酸组成和脂肪酸组成进行了比较分析.结果显示:黄壳色群体的水分和糖原质量分数(以干质量计)显著高于普通群体,蛋白质质量分数(以湿质量计)显著低于普通群体;黄壳色群体中Zn、Fe、Mn质量分数显著高于普通群体,而Ca质量分数显著低于普通群体;两者的氨基酸组分基本一致,但脂肪酸组分存在差异.上述结果表明在选育过程中两者在营养成分方面已表现出分化.

为培育菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditaps philippinarum)高产新品种,采用群体选择对其壳长进行定向选育.研究比较了选育系F2与对照组幼虫和稚贝的壳长差异,并计算了选择反应(SR)、现实遗传力(h2R)和遗传获得(GG).结果 表明:12、45、60和75日龄,F2壳长均显著大于对照组(P＜0.05);幼虫期SR、h2R和GG分别是(0.516±0.297)、(0.324±0.187)和(2.902±2.114),稚贝期分别为(0.300±0.262)、(0.188±0.164)和(9.463±8.418).以上研究表明,对壳长的群体选育是有效的.

为改进菲律宾蛤仔垦区育苗技术,设置一口池塘(A)培育高密度浮游植物并定期添加至育苗池(B),未添加藻类育苗池(C)作为对照,比较了A、B、C以及邻近自然海区(D)的水体、沉积物、浮游植物状况和池塘B、C中稚贝生长情况.结果显示,池塘A、B、C之间水质和沉积物各指标无显著性差异,但三者水体中盐度、pH、溶解氧、氨氮、硝酸盐氮、活性磷酸盐和沉积物中有机碳、硫化物与自然海区D差异显著;浮游植物密度A>B>C>D,但仅A、D间差异显著;池塘B稚贝壳长和密度均显著大于池塘C.这表明垦区与自然海区环境差异大,而育苗期间通过外源补充藻类能提高稚贝的生长率和成活率,进而提高菲律宾蛤仔垦区育苗成功率.

利用8个微卫星标记对福建牡蛎(Crassostrea angulata)基础群体、'金蛎1号'选育系F6和野生群体进行遗传多样性分析.结果表明,每个位点在各群体的等位基因数为7～24个,各群体在所有位点的平均等位基因数为10.3～17.6个,平均等位基因丰度为9.8～16.8.平均观测杂合度和平均期望杂合度分别为0.655～0.662和0.788～0.872.经邦弗朗尼校正,哈迪–温伯格平衡检验结果显示,在24个群体–位点组合中18个群体–位点组合显著偏离平衡(P<0.01).群体内近交系数Fis值介于0.0095～0.2874,平均值为0.1992,遗传分化系数Fst介于0.0224～0.1627,平均值为0.0767,暗示选育群体中存在较低水平的非随机交配现象,属于中度偏低分化.研究表明,连续的选育对群体的遗传分化产生了一定的影响,但是,选育群体仍然具有较高水平的遗传多样性.

2015年9月–12月,以菲律宾蛤仔福建养殖群体和广东野生群体子一代为亲本,开展了双列杂交实验,建立了两个自交组和两个杂交组,研究了杂交子代幼虫和稚贝的生长与存活的杂种优势.结果显示,各实验组均有较高的受精率和孵化率,但无显著差异.总体上,幼虫期的生长受母体效应影响显著,稚贝期的生长杂交效应主要受交配方式影响.相反,幼虫期的存活受配对方式影响最显著,稚贝期的存活受卵源影响显著.在幼虫期,杂交组与自交组在生长和存活方面差异不显著.在稚贝期,生长表现出明显的杂种优势,壳长和壳高在30日龄以后,正反交组的平均生长速率显著快于自交组.在40日龄时,壳高和壳长总杂交优势值达到最大,分别为25.64和27.00.这可能是因为杂种优势的表达具有时期差异性.在幼虫期,福建自交组表现出最高的存活率,为36.45％±1.85％;稚贝期,广东自交组存活率最高,为52.27％±2.13％.在幼虫期和稚贝期的存活率方面,未观测到杂种优势,这可能是由于两个杂交亲本群体与存活相关的基因频率无差异或者检测次数较少所致.

The shell length(x1),shell width(x2),shell height(x3)and live body weight(y)of 150 indi-viduals were measured in clam Tapes conspersus to study the relationship between the morphological traits and live body weight.The shell morphological traits were used as independent variables,and live body weight used as a dependent variable for the calculation of path coefficients and determinant coefficients by using the correlation analysis and path analysis.The correlation analysis revealed that the live body weight was significantly correlated with the three shell morphological traits(P<0.01),and the highest correla-tion coefficient(0.970)was appeared between shell width and live body weight.The descending order of direct effects of three shell morphological traits on live body weight was expressed as shell width > shell height > shell length.The determination coefficient analysis showed a similar trend with that of path a-nalysis,and that shell width as the key influencing factor had the greatest direct effect on the live body weight.The determinant coefficient of shell width on live body weight was 0.458.The multiple regression equations were obtained to estimate live body weight as y= -160.195 + 0.726x1+ 4.307x2+ 0.894x3, r2=0.960.T he findings provide a basis for the further development of artificial breeding and germplasm resources protection of T.conspersus.

To study the difference of quantitative traits of "Golden Oyster #1" Crassostrea angulata at different ages (1-4 age),the shell length (SL),shell height (SH),shell width (SW),total weight (TW)and meat weight (MW)of 50 individuals were measured. With the morphological traits (SL,SH and SW)used as independent variables,the quality traits(TW and MW)as dependent varia-bles,the path coefficients and determinant coefficients of different-age C.angulate were calculated using correlation analysis and path analysis.The results showed that the correlation coefficients of SH and TW of the 3 age group were the highest among the four populations of diffe-rent ages,while for other populations (1 ,2 and 4 age),the highest correlation coefficients appeared between MW and TW(p<0.05).According to the results of multiple regression analysis,four regression equations were established for MW and TW of different-age groups.The results of path analysis showed that SW was the major factor affecting TW for the 1-2 age groups, and SH was the major factor for the 3-4 age groups.The major traits affecting MW in the 1-4 age groups were SW and TW.The de-termination coefficient analysis showed a similar trend to that of path analysis.Therefore,the results of this study could provide a ba-sis for further development of artificial breeding of C.angulata.

In this paper, the total carotenoid content (TCC) in five tissues of Paphia undulata including axe foot, mantle, gill, adductor muscle, and gonad were analyzed. The TCC in male and female genders of Paphia undulata were also compared. The results showed that there are significant TCC differences in the five tissues (P < 0.01) except the mantle and gill (P > 0.05). The total carotenoid content of each tissue from high to low are as follows: axe foot, gonad, mantle, gill, and adductor muscle. There were no significant TCC differences in the axe foot, mantle, gill, and adductor muscles between male and female Paphia undulata (P> 0.05). However, the TCC in the testis was higher than in the ovary(P<0.05).The results of this study reveal the distribution of TCC in Paphia undulata.

Oyster plays an important role in the aquaculture industry in China. In recent years, the oyster industry has developed stably, but the industry is still affected by problems such as the constraints of resources and low level of industrialization. It is, therefore, urgent to establish a new development model which is ecology-based, mar-ket-oriented, consumption-driven, and quality cored. Therefore, some countermeasures were recommended includ-ing regulating the production layout, promoting industrial restructuring and upgrading, accelerating the establish-ment of monitoring and early warning system, and improving the risk safeguard mechanisms to promote a healthy, stable, and sustainable development of the industry.

波纹巴非蛤(Paphia undulata)是经济价值较高的海产贝类之一,斧足是其重要的食用部位.本研究分别检测了91个波纹巴非蛤斧足的总类胡萝卜素含量(TCC)和3个颜色指标L?(明暗度)、a?(红绿值)、b?(黄蓝值),结果显示波纹巴非蛤斧足总类胡萝卜素含量和颜色指标在不同的个体中存在较大的差异,不同个体斧足总类胡萝卜素含量范围为1.78~15.72μg/g,颜色指标L?、a?、b?的波动范围分别为48.21~56.31、-0.32~10.46、16.56~30.29.统计分析表明,波纹巴非蛤斧足的总类胡萝卜素含量和颜色指标L?、a?、b?之间相关极显著(P<0.01),相关系数分别为-0.733、0.685、0.775.研究结果将为选育高含量类胡萝卜素的波纹巴非蛤提供重要的参考依据.