The twospot puffer (Takifugu bimaculatus) is a species of significant aquacultural value in East Asia, yet its production is constrained by slow growth rates and suboptimal body morphology. To advance genetic enhancement via marker-assisted selection, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) focusing on traits related to body shape. Utilizing a full-sib family comprising 167 individuals to reduce genetic variability, we employed whole-genome resequencing to identify 122,553 high-quality (SNPs) for association analysis. Our study identified 17 significant and suggestive SNP loci correlated with torso length (TL), body depth (BD), body width (BWI), head length (HL) and tail length (TAL). Functional annotation of surrounding genomic regions revealed 26 candidate genes associated with these traits, including lrp8, kank4 for TL; tfrc, dab1 for BD; pgm1, cp, rala, and cdh7 for BWI; gli3, sox17a, and zip12 for HL; myl9, smurf2 for TAL. These genes were implicated in skeletal development, cell migration, metabolism, and BMP/TGF-β signaling pathways. Our findings offered the first genetic insights into body shape in T. bimaculatus and provided valuable SNP markers for future genetic mapping of body shape related traits in multi-line famlies and marker-assisted selection breeding programs.

Uroteuthis chinensis, a commercially significant species distributed across the western Pacific, plays a vital role in marine fishery resources, accounting for up to 90% of the loliginid catch in several regions of China. However, there have been few genetic studies on this species exploring the relationship between its life history and genetic diversity. Therefore, this study aimed to address the genetic diversity and population structure of U. chinensis using 143 individuals collected from the coast of mainland China (Formosa Bank) based on the mitochondrial COI gene. Our results revealed high haplotype diversity (h = 0.906) and low nucleotide diversity in U. chinensis, a pattern consistent with recent demographic expansion following a period of reduced effective population size. Pairwise FST and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed no significant genetic differentiation among the four sampling groups, suggesting an absence of detectable fine-scale spatiotemporal genetic structure within the Formosa Bank during the sampling period. In addition, demographic history analysis, based on Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC), indicates that U. chinensis experienced a bottleneck event followed by a recent population expansion. These findings provide useful information for understanding the genetic diversity, demographic history, and sustainable management of this commercially important squid.

Spinibarbus caldwelli is an important freshwater economic fish in China. Owing to uncontrolled fishing, wild resources of S. caldwelli have decreased rapidly and may be on the verge of extinction. In this study, utilizing single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing technology and chromatin interaction mapping (Hi-C) technologies, we assembled the first chromosome-scale genome for S. caldwelli about 1.77 Gb in size, with a contig N50 length of 11.83 Mb and scaffold N50 length of 33.91 Mb. In total 1.72 Gb (97.01%) of the contig sequences were anchored onto fifty chromosomes with the longest scaffold being 56.20 Mb. Furthermore, proximately 49.41% of the genome was composed of repetitive elements. In total, 49,377 protein-coding genes were predicted, of which 47,724 (96.65%) genes have been functionally annotated. The high-quality chromosome-level reference genome and annotation are vital for supporting basic genetic studies and will be contribute to genetic structure, functional elucidation, evolutionary inquiry, and germplasm conservation for S. caldwelli.

Takifugu genus has been brought to the fore in scientific and practical research due to its compact genome, explosive speciation progress and economic value. Here we updated the chromosome-level genome of Takifugu bimaculatus by an ultra-high-density linkage map, a classic and accurate way of chromosome assembly. The map constituted a robust assembly frame, with 92.2% (372.77 Mb) of the draft genome cumulatively placed. With intraspecies and interspecies comparative genomic analysis, we developed a criterion to quantify the differences between assemblies and established a novel way to integrate information from multiple assemblies. The integrated assembly rectified potential mis-assemblies, greatly improving the genome contiguity and correctness. Our results rendered profound information on the genetic recombination of T. bimaculatus and provided new insights into effective genome assembly. The consolidated assembly will be a contributory tool of T. bimaculatus and broadly across the Takifugu by providing a convincing reference for genomic research.

为了解菊黄东方鲀使用呋喃西林药物后的代谢物氨基脲(Semicarbazide,SEM)在其肌肉中的残留及消除规律,根据菊黄东方鲀(Takifugu flavidus)养殖的实际情况,以剂量为0.50 g/m3的呋喃西林原粉对养殖池进行全池泼洒,定期随机采集菊黄东方鲀肌肉样品,利用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定肌肉中的SEM质量浓度.结果表明,给药后菊黄东方鲀肌肉中SEM含量逐渐升高,约4d后达到峰值,随后逐渐消除,消除速率在初始阶段较快,之后趋势缓慢,并在较长时间内维持一定的浓度范围,直至77d实验结束时仍检出约2.50 μg/kg的SEM残留量.使用呋喃西林后的代谢物SEM在菊黄东方鲀肌肉中的残留时间较长,因此在养殖过程中,应严格禁止硝基呋喃药物的使用,从而保证河鲀鱼的质量安全.

Takifugu species serve as a model system for evolutionary studies due to their compact genomes and diverse phenotypes. The ocellated puffer ( Takifugu ocellatus ), characterized by special colouration, is a scarce anadromous species in the genus Takifugu . As an ornamental and tasty fish species, T. ocellatus has moderate economic value. However, the available genomic resources for this pufferfish are still limited. Here, a chromosome-level reference genome, as well as two haploid genomes, was constructed by PacBio HiFi long sequencing and Hi-C technologies. The total length of the reference genome was 375.62 Mb with a contig N50 of 11.55 Mb. The assembled sequences were anchored to 22 chromosomes with an integration efficiency of 93.78%. Furthermore, 28,808 protein-coding genes were predicted. The haplotype-resolved reference genome of T. ocellatus provides a crucial resource for investigating the explosive speciation of the Takifugu genus, such as elucidating evolutionary histories, determining the genetic basis of trait evolution, and supporting future conservation efforts.

本文建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱定量检测养殖水体中甲苯咪唑方法,方法定量限为0.5 μg/L,3 个添加水平的平均回收率为79.0％～93.9％,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)为7.57％～8.27％,日间RSD为 7.43％～8.11％;分别以实际施药浓度 15、50 μg/L作为受试浓度,开展室外水体中甲苯咪唑的消除实验.结果表明,室外养殖水体在自然光照下,甲苯咪唑的光降解速率遵循一级动力学规律,648 h后甲苯咪唑的光降解率可达80％以上;在15～18℃水温下,水体中甲苯咪唑消除半衰期为 231.05 h;实验结束(648 h)时,施药浓度为50 μg/L的高浓度组水体中仍有6.4 μg/L甲苯咪唑.本研究结果可为水产养殖动物中甲苯咪唑的药代动力学研究提供基础数据.

Takifugu bimaculatus is a cultured marine teleost fish, distributed ranging from the southern Yellow Sea to the South China Sea. Understanding the mechanism of sex determination is essential for sex control breeding biotechnologies of T. bimaculatus. However, there lacks a rapid and accurate sex specific marker for the T. bimaculatus. In this study, whole genome resequencing was conducted on 71 individuals (including 49 females and 22 males), 331,190 high-quality polymorphic loci (34,435 INDEL, 296,755 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)) were obtained through genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) by GEMMA (Genome-wide Efficient Mixed Model Association algorithm). 1403 loci on chromosome 7 were identified as sex significantly associated loci (P < 1.51 x 10(-7)), and a 12 Mb sex-associated region on Chr7 was narrowed down by F-st, scanning. It was worth noting that the SNP, SNP1100879 on Chr7 at position 8,764,381 was identified to be sex determination in T. bimaculatus. 13 pairs of primers for sex identification Marker-F/R were designed and it was validated by PCR. However, only one pair of primers (SNP-7F/R) was sex-linked, in which 95% of female genotypes are homozygous CC and 88% of male genotypes are heterozygous CT, suggesting a XX/XY sex determination system in T. bimaculatus. In addition, 12 sex-related candidate genes were identified around 306 SNPs, including amhr2, dzip1, patz1, brdt, hmga2, gli1, inhbb, mmp19, wnt2b, taf4 and so on. Because of the significant difference of gonadal weight (GW) and gonadosomatic index (GSI) between females and males of T. bimaculatus, GWAS on GW and GSI of different genders were also conducted independently. Besides, we identified 11 SNPs, located on Chr7, Chr18, Chr21, and Chr2, showing genome-wide significant association with GW and GSI and five genes including cyp27b1, hexb, inhba, cgba and shbg, involved in oogenesis, ovarian follicle development, and regulation of estradiol secretion. Then, we performed the gene ontology (GO) and KEGG signaling pathway (KEGG) and Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analyses of the candidate genes. amhr2, gli1, ihbb and dzip1 genes were identified as hub genes. In the present study, a sex-linked marker of T. bimaculatus was identified for the first time using whole-genome resequencing technology, and its limited versatility provided important clues for deciphering the sex determination mechanism in T. bimaculatus.

双斑东方鲀(Takifugu bimaculatus)隶属鲀形目、鲀科、东方鲀属,分布于南海、东海和黄海南部,为近海暖温性底层鱼类,主要以贝类、甲壳类等无脊椎动物和小鱼为食.双斑东方鲀肉质鲜嫩可口,营养价值高,高蛋白低脂肪,目前已在福建省漳州市沿海开展人工养殖. 福建省水产研究所东方鲀种业创新与产业化工程项目组在福建省南部沿海池塘采用鱼虾生态混养方式,进行双斑东方鲀健康养殖示范.根据对虾的养殖周期,分为春夏季、秋冬季两个阶段进行养殖.春夏季养殖池塘投放一冬龄双斑东方鲀苗种,混养凡纳滨对虾,收捕凡纳滨对虾之后,进行清池消毒.池塘重新进水,经过春夏季养殖的双斑东方鲀放回原池进行秋冬季养殖,并混养日本囊对虾.次年1月～3月双斑东方鲀、日本囊对虾捕捞销售.该分段养殖模式可有效提高池塘利用率,降低养殖风险,可为双斑东方鲀养殖产业化发展提供一种新模式.

Takifugu bimaculatus is a new breed of pufferfish that has emerged in the recent twenty years. As a euryhaline species, the habitat of T. bimaculatus ranges from the Yangtze River estuary to the South China Sea. It is always mix-bred with Penaeus monodon and Ruditapes philippinarum. The strong adaptability to temperature and salinity makes it become a candidate species for Takifugu aquaculture in south china. But the slower growth rate and smaller body size limit the further development and promotion of the T. bimaculatus breeding industry. In addition, the sexual maturity of the three years hinders the efficiency of traditional breeding methods. With the increasing demand of market, selecting and breeding new strains with excellent growth-related traits by the markers-assistance selection (MAS) and genome selection (GS) will accelerate the T. bimaculatus breeding industrial upgrading. In this study, 5 traits were employed to represent the growth, including body length (BL), body weight (BW), body length gain (BLG), body weight gain (BWG), and condition factor (K) at 8, 20 and 32-month after hatch. 167 individuals of a full-sib family were genotyped by Whole-genome Resequencing (WGS) and 122,573 SNPs were identified on 22 chromosomes. 9 genome-wide significant SNPs were identified to be associated with different growth-related traits through the Genome-wide association study by Mixed Linear Model (MLM). Surrounding these SNPs, we identified 17 growth-related candidate genes, including mstn1, igfbp5, igfbp2b, igf1r, fgfr3, fgf10 and tgfbr3. These genes are involved in the muscle growth, Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway, Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) pathway and Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathway. Besides, 10 genome-wide significant SNPs and 5 candidate genes were identified to be associated with K, including pth2r, myh7b, gdf10, hspb8a and midnb, which are involved in osteoblast differentiation, adipogenesis and heat stress response. These results above will contribute to the understanding of the genetic basis of growth and provide several reliable molecular markers for the MAS and GS in T. bimaculatus breeding project.

Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of muscle growth, which restrains the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. To understand the role of two mstn genes of Takifugu bimaculatus, the full-length cDNAs of 1131 bp Tbmstn1 and 1,080 bp Tbmstn2 were obtained from the T. bimaculatus’ genomic database, which encodes 376 and 359 amino acids, respectively. The results of qRT-PCR showed that Tbmstn1 was expressed in the eye, kidney, spleen, skeletal muscle, gill, and brain, and the expression level in the skeletal muscle was extremely significantly higher than in other examined tissues. Tbmstn2 was expressed in the skin, skeletal muscle, gill, and brain, and had the highest expression in the skeletal muscle, followed by expression in the brain. Meanwhile, in different stages of embryonic development, the expression of Tbmstn1 started from the gastrula stage. Its expression in the eye-pigment formation stage and hatching stage was significantly higher than that in other stages. The Tbmstn2 was expressed in all examined embryonic stages with different levels, and the highest expression was detected in the eye-pigment formation stage. These results suggested that Tbmstn1 and Tbmstn2 may involve in the development of skeletal muscle, and Tbmstn2 may be related to the formation of nervous system.

Takifugu bimaculatus is a euryhaline species, distributed ranging from the southern Yellow Sea to the South China Sea. Their tolerance to a wide range of salinity and temperature, coupled with a desirable firm texture, makes T. bimaculatus a strong candidate for Takifugu aquaculture in subtropics areas. Due to the increasing demand in markets and emerging of the Takifugu aquaculture industry, close attention has been paid to improvement on the T. bimaculatus production. In aquaculture, the great effort has been put into marker-assisted selective breeding, and efficient improvement was realized. However, few genetic resources on T. bimaculatus are provided so far. Aiming at understanding the genetic basis underlying important economic growth traits, facilitating genetic improvement and enriching the genetic resource in T. bimaculatus, we constructed the first genetic linkage map for T. bimaculatus via double digestion restriction-site association DNA sequencing and conducted quantitative traits locus (QTL) mapping for growth-related traits. The map comprised 1976 single nucleotide polymorphism markers distributed on 22 linkage groups (LG), with a total genetic distance of 2039.74 cM. Based on the linkage map, a chromosome-level assembly was constructed whereby we carried out comparative genomics analysis, verifying the high accuracy on contigs ordering of the linkage map. On the other hand, 18 QTLs associated with growth traits were detected on LG6, LG7, LG8, LG10, LG20, and LG21 with phenotypical variance ranging from 15.1 to 56.4%. Candidate genes participating in cartilage development, fat accumulation, and other growth-related regulation activities were identified from these QTLs, including col11a1, foxa2, and thrap3. The linkage map provided a solid foundation for chromosomes assembly and refinement. QTLs reported here unraveled the genomic architecture of some growth traits, which will advance the investigation of aquaculture breeding efforts in T. bimaculatus.

Salinity is an important parameter that influences the developmental progress of aquatic organisms. The larvae of Phascolosoma esculenta developed into the early stage trochosphere, the late stage trochosphere and the early stage pelagosphere in the low-salinity group (15), the middle group (22.5) and the high-salinity group (30), respectively, after being incubated for 50 h, according to morphological observation. The results showed that high salinity could accelerate the cellular development of P. esculenta. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of larval development of P. esculenta under different salinities, we performed transcriptome analysis of the larvae in P. esculenta. Nine transcriptome libraries of P. esculenta larvae were constructed, i.e., the low-salinity group (A1, A2 and A3), the middle group (B1, B2 and B3) and the high-salinity group (C1, C2 and C3), and each group with three repeats. These nine paired-end libraries were sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. In total, 57.63 Gb clean data were obtained and de novo assembled into 320,527 unigenes with mean lengths of 482.62 bp and N50 of 529 bp. A total of 249,162 unigenes were significantly matched to known unique proteins. The gene ontology (GO) annotation and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used to determine the regulation pathways and candidate genes that are associated with the process of larval development. A total number of 12,811, 16,991 and 1735 transcripts were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the comparison of A vs. B, A vs. C, and B vs. C, respectively. Of these differentially expressed genes, many DEGs that were upregulated in the high-salinity group were involved in the function that controls the larval development of P. esculenta, such as the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and ECM-receptor interaction. In addition, the results of the transcriptome analysis were verified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). After morphological observation and transcriptome analysis, we think high salinity (30) is more suitable than medium (22.5) or low (15) salinity for the development of P. esculenta larvae. This information provides guidance for artificial breeding and paves the way to the further research on the individual development of P. esculenta under different salinities.

研究了不同盐度对可口革囊星虫(Phascolosoma esculenta)孵化、 幼体存活和生长的影响.结果表明:1)可口革囊星虫孵化适宜盐度范围为15～30,最适盐度为20～26,呈现出偏低盐的倾向;2)在盐度为10、15、20、25～26、30、35时可口革囊星虫幼虫不投饵存活系数(survival activity index,SAI)分别为9.8、78.3、60.9、12.6、12.2、10.7,即,盐度为15、20时幼虫存活时间较长(达7 d),盐度为10、25～26、30、35时幼虫不投饵存活系数迅速下降;3)在盐度为15、20、25～26、30时,经过9 d的培育,幼虫体长从251.7μm生长至542.9～568.5μm,生长速度为60.3～63.2μm/d,其中生长速度最快的是在自然盐度(25～26)条件下,最慢的是在盐度30条件下.

Takifugu bimaculatus is a native teleost species of the southeast coast of China where it has been cultivated as an important edible fish in the last decade. Genetic breeding programs, which have been recently initiated for improving the aquaculture performance of T. bimaculatus, urgently require a high-quality reference genome to facilitate genome selection and related genetic studies. To address this need, we produced a chromosome-level reference genome of T. bimaculatus using the PacBio single molecule sequencing technique (SMRT) and High-through chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technologies. The genome was assembled into 2,193 contigs with a total length of 404.21 Mb and a contig N50 length of 1.31 Mb. After chromosome-level scaffolding, 22 chromosomes with a total length of 371.68 Mb were constructed. Moreover, a total of 21,117 protein-coding genes and 3,471 ncRNAs were annotated in the reference genome. The highly accurate, chromosome-level reference genome of T. bimaculatus provides an essential genome resource for not only the genome-scale selective breeding of T. bimaculatus but also the exploration of the evolutionary basis of the speciation and local adaptation of the Takifugu genus.

刺激隐核虫病是双斑东方鲀养殖生产中的主要致死性寄生虫病,为安全、有效地防治刺激隐核虫病,开展了硫酸铜对双斑东方鲀幼鱼的急性毒性试验及硫酸铜对双斑东方鲀刺激隐核虫病的治疗效果试验.急性毒性试验结果显示,硫酸铜对双斑东方鲀幼鱼24、48、72、96 h半致死质量浓度分别为7.94、7.12、5.32、4.44mg/L,其安全质量浓度为1.72mg/L.刺激隐核虫病治疗试验结果表明,1.0、1.5mg/L的硫酸铜质量浓度对病鱼治疗有效,药浴后刺激隐核虫虫体活力下降,第3d部分虫体解体或脱落,药浴5d治愈;0.5mg/L硫酸铜对病鱼治疗效果不佳,病情继续发展,第8d病鱼死亡.临床上建议使用硫酸铜质量浓度1.0 mg/L治疗双斑东方鲀刺激隐核虫病.本研究对其他鱼类刺激隐核虫病及其纤毛虫病治疗也具有一定的借鉴意义.

利用16S rRNA高通量基因测序技术研究了双斑东方鲀(Fugu bimaculatus)循环水养殖系统养殖水体细菌种群结构特征,并比较养殖患病(溃疡症)的双斑东方鲀的水体细菌群落结构与健康的之间的差异,探讨细菌群落结构与双斑东方鲀细菌性病害发生的相关性.研究结果表明,双斑东方鲀循环水养殖水体细菌群落的优势细菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacte-ria)、 拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes),优势细菌纲为γ-变形菌纲(Gammaproteobacteria)、 黄杆菌纲(Flavobacteriia)、 α-变形菌纲(Alphaproteobacteria),优势细菌目为黄杆菌目(Fla-vobacteriales)、 硫发菌目(Thiotrichales)、 红细菌目(Rhodobacterales)、 交替单胞菌目(Al-teromonadales)、 弧菌目(Vibrionales),优势细菌科为黄杆菌科(Flavobacteriaceae)、 硫发菌科(Thiotrichaceae)、 红细菌科(Rhodobacteraceae)、 弧菌科(Vibrionaceae)、 交替假单胞菌科(Pseudoalteromonadaceae).患病的和健康的循环水养殖水体细菌群落种类组成相似度高,细菌群落多样性指数无较大差异,在同一分类水平上各细菌群落丰度占比差异显著;二者核心微生物(属)的差异明显,健康的循环水养殖水体核心细菌群落以Polaribacter属为主;患病的循环水养殖水体核心细菌群落以弧菌科的发光杆菌属(Photobacterium)和弧菌属(Vibrio)为主,而发光杆菌属和弧菌属的多数种类属于病原菌或条件致病菌.双斑东方鲀患病(溃疡症)与养殖水体细菌群落的弧菌属丰度占比高有关.该研究结果对双斑东方鲀循环水养殖细菌性病害的监测、 预警、 诊断及管理控制具有重要的意义.

本试验,在室内人工培育条件下研究了可口革囊星虫繁殖期亲体的怀卵量、 产卵量、 卵质及产卵规律.结果表明:可口革囊星虫野生群体的亲体平均体重为4.61 g,自然群体雌雄比例是均匀的.怀卵量随体重的增加而增加,但当个体体重达到一定的规格(≥5.0 g)时,其相对怀卵量反而下降.从2015年6月30日至9月22日,亲体持续产卵85 d,亲体的总产卵量为1673.0×104粒,其中,7月的产卵量为749.5×104粒,占全部产卵量的44.8％;8月的产卵量为699.5×104粒,占全部产卵量的41.8％;9月的产卵量为221.0×104粒,占全部产卵量的13.21％.7—8月的受精卵质量优于9月的受精卵质量.

在水温(27±1)℃、 盐度25±1、PH值为7.90~8.10、 溶解氧>6.00 mg/L条件下,采用静水法进行了高锰酸钾、 聚维酮碘、 甲醛、 戊二醛、 敌百虫、 乙酸铜等6种药物对双斑东方鲀幼鱼急性毒性试验.结果表明:高锰酸钾、 聚维酮碘、 甲醛、 戊二醛、 敌百虫和乙酸铜对双斑东方鲀幼鱼半致死浓度(24、48、72、96 h)分别为(1.88、1.84、1.76、1.75 mg/L)、(23.30、22.55、20.34、19.50 mg/L)、(11.27、7.06、6.38、5.57 mg/L)、(9.25、9.03、7.03、5.48 mg/L)、(16.85、14.19、10.23、7.92 mg/L)和(10.54、8.78、6.13、5.46 mg/L),安全浓度分别为0.53、6.34、0.83、2.58、3.02和1.83 mg/L.双斑东方鲀幼鱼对6种药物耐受能力的强弱依次为:聚维酮碘>敌百虫>戊二醛>乙酸铜>甲醛>高锰酸钾.实际生产上应严格按照药物安全浓度控制药物的使用.

采用福建省水产研究所研制的“河豚毒素半定量快速检测试剂盒”,在双斑东方鲀人工繁殖及苗种培育过程中,对不同繁殖群体亲种,不同繁殖群体交配所得受精卵、胚胎及仔稚幼鱼的河豚毒素进行跟踪检测.结果表明:不同繁殖群体亲鱼组织器官毒性差异大,亲鱼眼珠、精巢为阴性,皮肤、肌肉、肝脏、卵巢呈现不同阳性检出率,分别为5.4％、16.2％、40.5％、40.5％;养殖繁殖群体亲鱼皮肤、肝脏为阳性,野生繁殖群体亲鱼肝脏和雌性性腺河豚毒性阳性检出率比养殖繁殖群体亲鱼高;野生群体雌性亲鱼与野生群体雄性亲鱼、养殖群体雄性亲鱼交配组受精卵河豚毒素均为阳性,早期胚胎为阳性,后期胚胎为阴性;养殖群体雌性亲鱼与野生群体雄性亲鱼、养殖群体雄性亲鱼交配组受精卵、胚胎河豚毒素皆为阴性;野生群体雌性亲鱼与野生群体雄性亲鱼交配组仔稚鱼河豚毒素为阳性,早期幼鱼为阳性,后期幼鱼为阴性;野生群体雌性亲鱼与养殖群体雄性亲鱼交配组仔鱼河豚毒素为阴性,稚鱼、早期幼鱼为阳性,后期幼鱼为阴性;养殖群体雌性亲鱼与野生群体雄性亲鱼、养殖群体雄性亲鱼交配组仔稚鱼河豚毒素皆为阴性.