INTRODUCTION:This study explored transmission patterns of brucellosis in Hubei Province, a Class II region in China, through analysis of spatiotemporal distribution and environmental factors to provide evidence for precise prevention. METHODS:We analysed epidemiological data from Hubei Province (2010-2023), including human cases, demographics, livestock numbers and environmental factors. The MaxEnt model was used for spatial risk prediction, while the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model analysed temporal patterns and warning effectiveness. RESULTS:Human brucellosis showed a 'rapid rise-effective control-local rebound' pattern, with incidence rates rising from 0.0087/100,000 (2010) to 0.5932/100,000 (2015), declining to 0.1535/100,000 (2019) and rebounding to 0.4508/100,000 (2023). The epidemic displayed seasonal peaks (April-September) and affected primarily males (71.13%) and farmers (76.54%). Spatial distribution showed a 'high-north low-south' pattern, spreading from Suizhou to neighbouring areas. The MaxEnt model identified high-risk areas (probability ≥ 0.713) in livestock-intensive regions, with sheep density (55.1%) and annual mean temperature (9.9%) as key factors. The SARIMA model indicated earliest warnings in high-risk areas (mid-late April), followed by medium-risk (early-mid April) and low-risk areas (late May). CONCLUSIONS:Brucellosis transmission in Hubei is influenced by the livestock industry, control measures and climate. The integrated MaxEnt-SARIMA model provides risk classification and differentiated warning schemes, offering guidance for targeted prevention across different risk areas.

BACKGROUND:The global burden of tick-borne viral diseases (TBVDs) has significantly increased in recent decades, emerging as a critical public health priority due to their diverse pathogenic profiles, severe disease outcomes, and therapeutic challenges. Within the expanding landscape of tick-borne pathogens, the Orthonairovirus genus has gained particular scientific attention for its members' zoonotic capacity and clinical virulence. Orthonairoviruses are arboviruses that infect humans and animals, posing a serious threat for the spread of zoonotic diseases. Huangpi tick virus 1 (HpTV-1), a member of the genus Orthonairovirus, has been detected in ticks. METHODS:Haemaphysalis longicornis collected in 2023 from Central China were pooled for RNA-seq and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) screening. Genomes were assembled and viruses isolated in suckling mice and Vero E6. Replication kinetics, mouse pathogenesis, and 223 livestock sera were assessed. RESULTS:In the present study, we isolated HpTV-1 from Haemaphysalis longicornis in Central China. Viral genome and phylogenetic analyses placed HpTV-1 in a distinct clade close to the Songling and Tamdy viruses within the Nairoviridae family. In vitro experiments demonstrated that HpTV-1 infects a wide range of animal and human cell lines. Importantly, all infected C57BL/6 mice survived without overt signs of severe disease while developing only minor pathological lesions in specific organs (liver, spleen, and lungs). Serological surveys revealed HpTV-1 antibodies, including neutralizing antibodies, in 16.1% of the goats, suggesting that HpTV-1 can infect livestock. CONCLUSIONS:These findings suggest that HpTV-1 is an Orthonairovirus capable of infecting animals, highlighting its potential risk and the need for enhanced surveillance and research, particularly in Central China and other endemic regions.

Mpox resurged globally in 2022 after five decades of African confinement. Pooling 70 studies (1970–2025) and WHO surveillance, we show hospitalisation and case-fatality fell from 33% and 3.3% pre-2022 to 10% and 0.7% during the clade-IIb pandemic. Clade-Ia remained high deadlier (≈80% admission, 9% death). Since 2024, Central Africa has again driven cases and deaths. High-income regions recorded milder, larger outbreaks; Africa continues to bear excess mortality. Targeted clade-Ia surveillance, vaccination and health-system support in Central Africa are urgently needed to curb mpox’s persistent global burden.

BackgroundChina consistently ranked among the top three contributors to global pertussis cases from 2021 to 2024. However, limited research on the accessibility of pertussis vaccines from a supply–demand perspective has hindered effective control measures.MethodsA birth cohort-stratified survey was conducted in Hubei Province, China, from March to August 2024. Data on the geographical, awareness-related, and economic accessibility of pertussis vaccination services were collected using electronic questionnaires and field surveys, targeting vaccination staff (supply-side) and caregivers of eligible children (demand-side). Influencing factors were analyzed using the χ2 test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 1,350 vaccination staff members from 914 clinics and 1,098 caregivers of eligible children across 17 prefecture-level cities were surveyed. Geographically, 80% of vaccination staff members reported that their clinic’s nearest clients lived within 2 km, and 89.89% of caregivers of eligible children traveled <30 min for vaccination. Average awareness rates were 72.92% for vaccination staff and 69.90% for caregivers of eligible children (χ2 = 14.887, p < 0.05). Among vaccination staff, female individuals and those aged ≤30 years with college education, senior titles, or more than 15 years of experience showed ≥2-fold higher odds of having good awareness. Caregivers of eligible children who held a college degree, worked in medical professions, resided in urban residence, fulfilled maternal/grandmaternal roles, had an income of ≥100,000 CNY, or had infants aged ≤12 months showed 1.5–2.6-fold higher awareness. Economically, 93.11% of vaccination staff worked in clinics that provided free National Immunization Program (NIP) pertussis vaccines (DTaP), and 87.80% of caregivers of eligible children were willing to pay for non-NIP pertussis vaccines.ConclusionThe geographical and economic accessibility of pertussis vaccination services is relatively reasonable in Hubei Province, China. However, knowledge gaps still exist on both the supply and demand sides. Targeted training for older, male, or less-experienced vaccination staff, along with customized education for rural, low-income, male caregivers of eligible children, could help bridge these gaps and reduce the disease burden in China.

The transmission of tick-borne viruses is associated with the biological functions of tick tissues. This study investigated the viromes in salivary glands, ovaries, and midguts collected from nine tick species of six genera and identified 49 viruses from at least 14 families. A variety of viral abundance and diversity across the three tissues was demonstrated. Ovaries of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus), Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor, and Hyalomma exhibited high viral abundance, suggesting their vertical transmission advantages, while high viral abundance observed in the salivary glands of Haemaphysalis and Ixodes indicated their advantage for horizontal transmission. Midguts of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus), Haemaphysalis, Dermacentor, and Ixodes exhibited high viral diversity, as did the salivary glands of Rhipicephalus and Hyalomma. Viruses found across the three tissues (tissue-common viruses) exhibited varied abundance (confirmed by qPCR), possessing a broad tissue spectrum but reflecting different tissue preferences. Viruses presenting high abundance identified in a single tissue (tissue-specific viruses) may be indicative of limited dissemination to other tissues. Furthermore, the correlation between viral abundance and tissues indicated distinct preliminary dissemination patterns of viruses across the examined tick genera. This study demonstrated the heterogeneity of viromes in tick tissues, revealed diverse viral preferences for tissues, and suggested the transmission advantages linked to specific tick genera. The findings provide novel insight into the differential competence of virus transmission in ticks, which raised the necessity of investigation and will benefit further research into the heterogeneous landscape of viromes within tick bodies and the mechanisms for maintaining and transmitting a particular virus in specific tick species. IMPORTANCE:Tick tissues (salivary glands, ovaries, and midguts) are critical for the development of ticks and virus transmission. This study analyzed viromes in these tissues across six tick genera, thereby revealing the viral heterogeneity in tick tissues and suggesting differential transmission advantages among the examined genera. The results provide a novel insight into the understanding of the competence for virus transmission by ticks, based on viral populations, and into the mechanisms underlying virus dissemination within tick bodies, as well as those of vertical or horizontal transmission of viruses linked to the biological functions of tick tissues. The findings also suggest the importance of a more in-depth investigation into viral transmission, with a particular focus on the viromes of tick eggs, saliva, and hemolymph. All these would serve as a crucial foundational framework, establishing a robust foundation for the future development of strategies aimed at the control of viral transmission by ticks.

BACKGROUND:With the acceleration of globalisation and the increasing frequency of international exchanges, the risk of cross-border transmission of emerging respiratory infectious diseases (ERIDs) has significantly increased. Since the year 2002, epidemics of SARS, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and COVID-19 have exemplified this trend. These epidemics have impacted the prevalence and transmission of traditional respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs), such as influenza, which share similar transmission routes and control measures. To better explore the impact of ERIDs epidemics on influenza, our study quantitatively evaluates the epidemiological changes in influenza during three representative emerging respiratory coronavirus epidemics: SARS, MERS and COVID-19. METHODS:Using Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System data, we examined influenza trends across different periods and regions affected by the three coronavirus epidemics. The impact of the epidemic on influenza was revealed by comparing and analysing the reported positive cases (RPCs) of influenza during the pre-epidemic and epidemics, and during the three postpandemic periods. Based on the Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Asymptomatic-Recovered (SEIAR) compartmental model, the time-varying effective reproduction number ([Formula: see text]) over time was calculated, and the Farrington surveillance algorithm was used to calculate the RPCs in the absence of an epidemic to analyse the characteristics of influenza transmissibility during the epidemics of the three respiratory coronavirus changes. RESULTS:There was a significant decline in the RPCs of influenza and transmissibility. The suppressive effect of the COVID-19 epidemic on influenza prevalence was the most pronounced. During the COVID-19 epidemic, the RPCs of the three major influenza subtypes showed the largest decrease compared with historical predictions, with reduction rates of -53.30% for A(H1N1), -57.50% for A(H3N2) and -48.56% for influenza B (p<0.01), with A(H3N2) being the most significantly affected, as most countries experienced reductions exceeding 50%. The impact of the SARS epidemic on influenza was secondary, with total RPCs of A(H1N1) and influenza B decreasing by approximately 84.39% and 45.31%, respectively (p>0.05). During the MERS epidemic, the RPCs of A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) decreased by 28.75% and 17.62%, respectively, although influenza B partially rebounded in the later stages, resulting in a relatively smaller overall impact. CONCLUSIONS:The COVID-19 epidemic demonstrated the most pronounced suppressive effect on influenza prevalence. The impact of SARS was secondary, while MERS had the least effect. Among different influenza subtypes, A(H3N2) and influenza B exhibited greater declines compared with A(H1N1). The decrease in RPCs during coronavirus epidemics highlighted the importance of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), demonstrating the broad applicability and high efficacy of comprehensive control strategies for RIDs. Furthermore, when NPIs are lifted during the later stages of coronavirus epidemics, attention should be paid to the potential rebound of traditional respiratory diseases such as influenza.

Despite the high coverage of childhood vaccination, pertussis remains a significant global health challenge, with increasing adult cases attributed to waning immunity and enhanced diagnostic capability. This study quantified the global burden of pertussis in adults from 1990 to 2021 and evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on disease trends. Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, we assessed pertussis incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in adults, stratified by age, sex, sociodemographic factors, and geographic regions. Temporal trends were analysed using joinpoint regression to detect significant changes and calculate the average annual percentage change (AAPC). An exponential smoothing state-space model with hierarchical forecast reconciliation was used to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pertussis burden. Globally, the incidence rate of adult pertussis declined from 17.44 per 100,000 population in 1990 to 9.00 per 100,000 in 2019, and fell sharply to 2.70 per 100,000 by 2021. DALYs rates followed a similar trend. The burden was consistently highest in low Socio-demographic Index (SDI) countries, where the 2019 incidence rate was over four times that of high SDI countries (18.59 vs. 3.96 per 100,000). Between 1990 and 2019, incidence numbers increased in low SDI countries [AAPC: 0.63%; 95% confidence interval: 0.36%, 0.91%] and in older adults (AAPC > 0), despite falling incidence rates. From 2009 to 2019, incidence rates increased in 84 countries. During the COVID-19 pandemic, estimates based on the model indicated a 58.41% reduction in incidence and a 50.34% decrease in DALYs. Although the global incidence of adult pertussis has declined over the past three decades, a resurgence from 2009 to 2019, particularly in low-income regions and specific age groups, underscores the persistent challenges. The sharp decline during the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of public health and social measures. These findings emphasise the need for targeted vaccination strategies and sustained surveillance to address regional disparities and prevent the resurgence of the disease.

BACKGROUND:Global warming, urbanization and the resumption of global population movements post-COVID-19 have made the prevention and control of dengue and its vector transmission more challenging. To tackle this issue, this study evaluated and predicted the suitable habitats of Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti in China. This study aims to identify the key influencing factors, analyze patterns of habitat expansion and contraction, and explore regions in China at risk of dengue fever outbreaks in the future. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:This study utilized mosquito distribution data from 2010 to 2023 and employed Maxent to map the distribution of suitable habitats. The key influencing factors and response curves were further analysed, and patterns of habitat expansion and contraction were investigated. The findings reveal that the main variables affecting the distributions of Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti are annual precipitation, annual mean temperature, and land use and land cover changes. The suitable habitat for Ae. albopictus shows a significant northward expansion trend, reaching large areas in Shandong and Henan province by 2030. The suitable habitat area for Ae. albopictus is increasing annually and can reach approximately 2.38 million square kilometers by 2030. Compared to the outbreak year of dengue fever in China in 2019, the suitable habitat area for Ae. albopictus in 2030 will increase by approximately 17.06%, with a growth of 2.57% in the sum of high-risk and medium-risk suitable habitat areas. In contrast, the suitable habitats of Ae. aegypti are primarily concentrated in Guangdong, Hainan and Yunnan Provinces. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE:This study compared the potential changes in the distributions of suitable habitats for Ae. albopictus and Ae. aegypti in 2014, 2019, and 2023 and predicted suitable habitats for 2030, as well as contraction and expansion trends in the suitable habitats of Ae. albopictus. The findings aim to identify regions at risk of future dengue fever outbreaks in China, providing a scientific basis for public health authorities to develop effective dengue prevention and control strategies.

To develop a transmission dynamics model for brucellosis in Hubei Province and evaluate non-vaccination control strategies. We constructed a SsIs-W-ShEhIhCh(Susceptible sheep - Infected sheep - Environmental bacterial load - Susceptible humans - Exposed humans - Acute infected humans - Chronic infected humans) transmission dynamics model and assessed disease transmissibility through R0 calculation. Four intervention measures (environmental disinfection, improved diagnosis, personal protection, and infected sheep management) were evaluated independently and in combination. Model fitting showed high consistency with reported cases (R²=0.884, p > 0.999). Disease transmission exhibited three phases: high incidence (2014–2016, R0 = 1.86), decline (2020, R0 = 0.69), and rebound (2023 R0 = 1.76). Direct transmission (sheep-to-human) was the primary driver (78.6

Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks, commonly found in East Asia, can transmit various pathogenic viruses, including the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) that has caused febrile diseases among humans in Hubei Province. However, understanding of the viromes of H. longicornis was limited, and the prevalence of viruses among H. longicornis ticks in Hubei was not well clari fied. This study investigates the viromes of both engorged (fed) and free (unfed) H. longicornis ticks across three mountainous regions in Hubei Province from 2019 to 2020. RNA -sequencing analysis identi fied viral sequences that were related to 39 reference viruses belonging to unclassi fied viruses and seven RNA viral families, namely Chuviridae , Nairoviridae , Orthomyxoviridae , Parvoviridae , Phenuiviridae , Rhabdoviridae , and Totiviridae. Viral abundance and diversity in these ticks were analysed, and phylogenetic characteristics of the Henan tick virus (HNTV), Dabieshan tick virus (DBSTV), Okutama tick virus (OKTV), and Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) were elucidated based on their full genomic sequences. Prevalence analysis demonstrated that DBSTV was the most common virus found in individual H. longicornis ticks (12.59%), followed by HNTV (0.35%), whereas JMTV and OKTV were not detected. These results improve our understanding of H. longicornis tick viromes in central China and highlight the role of tick feeding status and geography in shaping the viral community. The findings of new viral strains and their potential impact on public health raise the need to strengthen surveillance efforts for comprehensively assessing their spillover potentials.

BackgroundHemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a vital rodent-borne disease, and poses a serious public health threat in Hubei province. We aimed to explore the spatiotemporal distribution of HFRS in Hubei province during 2005-2022, and the effects of meteorological factors.MethodsData on HFRS cases at the county level in Hubei province during 2005-2022 were obtained from the Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The monthly meteorological data at the city level was extracted from the China Meteorological Data Sharing Service System from 2016 to 2020. Descriptive analyses, joinpoint regression model, spatial correlation analyses, Geodetector model and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model were conducted to investigate the epidemic characteristics, temporal trend, spatial distribution, influencing factors of HFRS and predict its trend.ResultsA total of 6,295 cases were reported in Hubei province during 2005-2022, with an average incidence of 6/1,000,000. Most cases were males (74.52%) and aged 40-69 years (71.87%). The monthly HFRS cases showed two seasonal peaks, which were summer (May to June) and winter (November to December). The HFRS incidence remained fluctuating at a low level during 2005-2015, followed an increasing trend during 2015-2018, and then decreased during 2018-2022. Hotspots were concentrated in the center of Hubei province in all 3 periods, including Qianjiang, Tianmen and some counties from Xiangyang, Jingmen and Jingzhou cities. The distribution of HFRS had a positive association with wind speed, while a "V"-shaped correlation with mean temperature, with an explanatory power of 3.21% and 1.03% respectively (both P <0.05). The ARIMA model predicted about 1,223 cases occurred in the next 3 years.ConclusionsHFRS cases showed seasonal fluctuation and spatial clustering in Hubei province. Central plain areas showed high risk of HFRS. Wind speed and mean temperature had significant effects on the transmission of HFRS in Hubei province. The results alert health authorities to conduct disease-climate surveillance and comprehensive prevention strategies, especially in high-risk counties.

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of tick-borne infectious diseases (TBID) and the risk factors of severe illness and death in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2021. Methods: Based on the incidence data of fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), tsutsugamushi disease, typhus and other TBID reported during 2016-2021, the epidemiological analysis was conducted. Field investigation results of TBID in areas with high incidence in 2021, logistic regression analysis of population characteristics, epidemiological history and other factors were used to explore the risk factors of severe and fatal cases. In the field vector investigation, free ticks and surface ticks of the host animals in the cases' home and surrounding grassland were monitored and detected. Results: A total of 3 826 TBID cases were reported in Hubei from 2016 to 2021, of which 71.30% (2 728/3 826) were SFTS, 13.04% (499/3 826) were tsutsugamushi disease and 15.66% (599/3 826) were typhus. A total of 44 cases died in 6 years; the fatality rate was 1.15% (44/3 826). In the peak seasons of incidence from May to July, the cases in people engaged in agriculture related work accounted for 84.61% (3 237/3 826). The incidence rate in women was higher than that in men, and the cases aged ≥50 years accounted for 81.02% of the total (3 100/3 826), and the incidence rate increased with age (P<0.001). The TBID cases were distributed in 86 counties and districts in 16 prefectures (municipality). The incidence rates of different areas had significant differences (P<0.05), and there was a certain spatial-temporal clustering and expasion. Bovis microplus and Haemaphysalis longicornis were captured in the field, and the positive rates in host animals and grassland ticks were 10.94% (7/64) and 40.00% (2/5), respectively. Univariate logistic regression analysis results showed that age ≥50 years and leukocyte <2.0×109/L were risk factors for severe illness and death. Conclusions: The TBID reported in Hubei were mainly SFTS, tsutsugamushi disease and typhus. In order to reduce the incidence of TBID, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control in women aged ≥50 years and reduce field exposure and tick bites during the epidemic period.

Background Several COVID-19 vaccines are in widespread use in China. Few data exist on comparative immunogenicity of different COVID-19 vaccines given as booster doses. We aimed to assess neutralizing antibody levels raised by injectable and inhaled aerosolized recombinant adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-vectored COVID-19 vaccine as a heterologous booster after an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine two-dose primary series. Methods Using an open-label prospective cohort design, we recruited 136 individuals who had received inactivated vaccine primary series followed by either injectable or inhaled Ad5-vectored vaccine and measured neutralizing antibody titers against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus and Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 variants. We also measured neutralizing antibody levels in convalescent sera from 39 patients who recovered from Omicron BA.2 infection. Results Six months after primary series vaccination, neutralizing immunity against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 was low and neutralizing immunity against Omicron (B.1.1.529) was lower. Boosting with Ad5-vectored vaccines induced a high immune response against ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Neutralizing responses against Omicron BA.5 were ≥ 80% lower than against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 in sera from prime-boost subjects and in convalescent sera from survivors of Omicron BA.2 infection. Inhaled aerosolized Ad5-vectored vaccine was associated with greater neutralizing titers than injectable Ad5-vectored vaccine against ancestral and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants. Conclusions These findings support the current strategy of heterologous boosting with injectable or inhaled Ad5-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccination of individuals primed with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.

On July 23, 2022, the World Health Organization（WHO） declared the mpox epidemic as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern（PHEIC）, indicating the seriousness of the mpox epidemic. Mpox is a rare zoonotic infectious disease caused by mpox virus infection, mostly occurred among the men who have sex with men（MSM）, but general populations are susceptible to the infection and the risk of imported infection is high. In this paper, we discussed the strategy for prevention and control of mpox epidemic in China using strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats（SWOT） analysis based on the experience in the containment of severe acute respiratory syndromes（SARS） in 2003 and coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19） in recent three years, for providing a reference to relevant decision-making.

Group A human rotaviruses (RVAs) annually cause the deaths of 215,000 infants and young children. To understand the epidemiological characteristics and genetic evolution of RVAs, we performed sentinel surveillance on RVA prevalence in a rotavirus-surveillance network in Hubei, China. From 2013 to 2016, a total of 2007 fecal samples from hospital outpatients with acute gastroenteritis were collected from four cities of Hubei Province. Of the 2007 samples, 153 (7.62%) were identified positive for RVA by real-time RT-PCR. RVA infection in Hubei mainly occurred in autumn and winter. The highest detection rate of RVA infection was in 1-2 years old of outpatients (16.97%). No significant difference of RVA positive rate was observed between females and males. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of the G/P genotypes based on the partial VP7/VP4 gene sequences of RVAs. G9P[8] was the most predominant strain in all four years but the prevalence of G2P[4] genotype increased rapidly since 2014. We reconstructed the evolutionary time scale of RVAs in Hubei, and found that the evolutionary rates of the G9, G2, P[8], and P[4] genotypes of RVA were 1.069 x 10(-3), 1.029 x 10(-3), 1.283 x 10(-3) and 1.172 x 10(-3) nucleotide substitutions/site/year, respectively. Importantly, using a molecular clock model, we showed that most G9, G2, P[8], and P[4] genotype strains dated from the recent ancestor in 2005, 2005, 1993, and 2013, respectively. The finding of the distribution of RVAs in infants and young children in Hubei Province will contribute to the understanding of the epidemiological characteristics and genetic evolution of RVAs in China.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B (HB) vaccination, causes of without the vaccination and their influencing factors among 15 – 59 years old residents in Xiangyang and Xiaogan city of Hubei province, and to provide evidences for developing strategies on HB prevention and control in the population. MethodsUsing a self-designed questionnaire, we conducted a voluntary survey among 1 398 permanent residents aged 15 – 59 years recruited with multistage random sampling in urban and rural regions of Xiangyang and Xiaogan city during March – November, 2020. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data collected. ResultsOf all the participants, 65.38% (914) reported having HB vaccination and 37.7% (527) reported full-does HB vaccination. Among the participants never having HB vaccination, 308 (63.64%) reported the willingness to have the vaccination; while, the main reason for being unwilling to have the vaccination was considering that the vaccination is unnecessary due to self-perceived good health. Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that occupation, education, monthly income, and whether with HB patients around were significant influential factors of HB vaccination. ConclusionFor adult residents in Xiangyang and Xiaogan city, being a farmer, with lower education and having high income are risk factors for without HB vaccination and the residents with HB patients around could pay attention to HB vaccination.

Background: To mitigate a national shortage of WIBP-CorV COVID-19 vaccine, China's regulator approved administering BBIBP-CorV after WIBP-CorV for completion of a primary series. In a pragmatic observa-tional study, we compared immunogenicity and safety of a primary series of WIBP-CorV followed by BBIBP-CorV with a primary series of two doses of BBIBP-CorV. Methods: We invited healthy 18-59-years-old adults who had already received either WIBP-CorV or BBIBP-CorV as their first dose in a primary series to participate in this observational cohort study. Subjects who had received WIBP-CorV as their first dose became the observation group; subjects who had received BBIBP-CorV as their first dose became the control group. All participants received BBIBP-CorV as their second dose. We obtained sera 1, 2, and 6 months after second doses for nAb titer measure-ment by micro-neutralization cytopathic effect assay with SARS-CoV-2 strain HB01, standardized with WHO International Standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin. Safety was assessed for the 7 days after administration of second doses. Results: Between March and December 2021, 275 subjects were included in the observation group and 133 in the control group. Neutralizing seropositivity (>= 1:4) rates were 98.91 % and 99.25 % at 1 month and 53.16 % and 70.69 % at 6 months. One-month geometric mean titers (GMTs) were 21.33 and 22.45; one-month geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) were 227.71 IU/mL and 273.27 IU/mL. One to two months after vaccination, observation group seropositivity rates and titers were not significantly different to the control group's. Adverse reaction rates were 11.27 % and 18.80 %, all mild or moderate in severity. Conclusions: Both primary series were immunogenic; immunogenicity of WIBP-CorV followed by BBIBP-CorV was not different than immunogenicity following two doses of BBIBP-CorV for two months after vaccination; safety profiles were acceptable for both regimens. BBIBP-CorV can be used to complete a pri-mary series that started with WIBP-CorV. (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

ObjectiveTo investigate epidemiological characteristics of crayfish-related rhabdomyolysis (RM) syndrome in regions along Yangtze River in 2016.MethodsWe conducted a field epidemiologic survey on 811 RM cases reported in Anhui, Jiangsu and Hubei province along Yangtze River during 2016 to analyze clinical and prevalence characteristics of the disease.ResultsOf all the cases, 69.3% were female and 78.1% were aged between 20 and 49 years. Main symptoms of the cases were muscle ache, fatigue and digestive disorder-induced pain; five times increased serum creatine kinase (CK) was detected among 84.0% of the cases. Retrospective surveys found that consumption of crayfish, shrimp offal, and alcohol were risk factors for the incidence of the disease. The incidences occurred mainly at home and the crayfish consumed by the cases were mainly from wild fishing.ConclusionThere is a causal correlation between the incidence of rhabdomyolysis syndrome and crayfish in some regions along Yangtze River in 2016, suggesting that monitoring on crayfish eating-related diseases should be strengthened.

目的 调查2021年9月湖北省随州市某工厂一起急性胃肠炎疫情的感染来源、传播途径和危险因素,提出防控建议.方法 制定病例定义搜索病例,描述病例的临床表现及三间分布特征,开展回顾性队列研究验证暴发的危险因素,采集病例肛拭子样本、环境涂抹样及水样进行诺如病毒PCR检测.结果 本次疫情涉及A和B两个工厂,共发现68例病例和7例隐性感染者,临床症状以腹泻和呕吐为主;病例发病高峰在8月31日18时至9月1日6时(48例),流行曲线呈点源暴露模式;病例主要分布在A工厂的加二车间、加一车间及B工厂;回顾性队列研究发现,和未在食堂就餐相比,A工厂员工8月30日中午在一食堂(RR=3.366,95％CI:1.321～8.577)和二食堂(RR=10.662,95％CI:4.795～23.706)就餐为发病的风险因素;实验室检测结果显示,44份工人肛拭子样本中有25份为Ⅱ型诺如病毒核酸阳性,16份食堂员工肛拭子样本中有2份为Ⅱ型诺如病毒核酸阳性,10份水样中有4份诺如病毒核酸阳性(3份GⅡ阳性,1份G 1和Ⅱ混合阳性),22份外环境样本中有2份Ⅱ型诺如病毒核酸阳性.结论 本次疫情为一起诺如病毒G Ⅱ感染引起的暴发疫情,推测主要因水管破裂导致水源污染,后主要通过污染食物供应,引起此次暴发疫情的可能性较大,传播途径以食源性传播为主,部分病例存在水源性及人与人传播的可能性,经加强病例管理、环境消杀及健康教育等防控措施后疫情得到控制.