Background: China's Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) provides vaccinations against 12 vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) at no cost to families. For some VPDs, parents may opt to substitute equivalent non-program vaccines, including combination vaccines, for EPI vaccines; substitute vaccines must be paid for by the family. Although parents have several choices for vaccinating their children, their preferences for vaccines and immunization schedules have not been systematically evaluated. We used a discrete choice experiment to evaluate four attributes of vaccines for routine immunization: number of injections, risk of mild side-effects, out-of-pocket cost, and location of manufacturer (domestic or imported). Methods: In a questionnaire-based survey conducted in vaccination clinics, guardians were asked to select their preferred vaccination schedule from five options in ten choice sets with the four attributes. We used a mixed logit model to determine parental preferences for vaccination schedules, relative importance of attributes, and predict the likelihood of successful vaccination under different scenarios. Results: A total of 581 parents from seven provinces and cities in China participated in the survey, and 488 respondents had internally consistent responses and were included in the analysis. The number of injections in the schedule was the most important attribute for predicting uptake, followed by risk of mild side-effects. Preferences varied by region and parental role. Predicted uptake in the preferred vaccination scenario relative to base-case schedule uptake was a 99.55 % increase. Conclusions: Number of injections and risk of mild side-effects were the two most important attributes of the routine immunization schedule. Results from this study can help optimize the immunization schedule in China to improve coverage of childhood vaccines.

Background. Our study aimed to evaluate vaccine effectiveness (VE) of a live oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq, RV5) among < 5-year-old children in three provinces of China via a propensity score matched test negative design case-control study. Methods. We used electronic health records and person-matched immunization information system data to obtain information on acute gastroenteritis (AGE) cases in Guangdong, Beijing, and Hubei provinces evaluated for AGE in emergency department settings and tested for rotavirus (RV) infection during 2020–2024. RV positive cases were propensity-score matched with RV negative subjects on age, visit month, and province. Primary outcomes were medically-attended RVGE infection (inpatient or outpatient), outpatient-only medically-attended RVGE, and RVGE hospitalization. VE was estimated with logistic regression as (1-OR)×100%. Results. The study included 27 472 children with AGE aged 8 weeks to 4 years at the time of the visit; 7.98% (2 192) were rotavirus positive. After propensity score matching of 2 controls for each case, VE (95% confidence interval, CI) of 1–2 and 3 doses of RV5 against infection were 57.6% (39.8%, 70.2%) and 67.2% (60.3%, 72.9%), respectively. Among children who received a third dose < 5-months-old, 3-dose VE decreased from 70.4% (53.9%, 81.1%) (< 5 months) to 65.4% (49.8%, 76.1%) (5 months - <1 year), and to 63.0% (49.1%, 73.0%) (≥ 1 year). Among children who received a third dose ≥ 5-months-old, 3-dose VE decreased from 69.3% (45.9%, 82.6%) (< 5 months) to 61.7% (44.2%, 73.8%) (≥ 1 year). Three-dose VE was 69.4% (41.3%, 84.0%) against hospitalization and 57.5% (38.9%, 70.5%) against outpatient RVGE. Conclusions. Three doses of RV5 provided highest protection against RVGE among < 5-year-old children. Three-dose VE decreased by time since the third dose in children who received a third dose at < 5-months-olds, and remained > 61% ≥1 year after the third dose. VE was higher against RVGE hospitalization than outpatient RVGE.

P32 protein serves as a crucial structural component of Goat pox virus (GTPV), which causes a highly virulent infectious disease in sheep and goats. Despite the fact that P32 has been widely expressed in the previous studies, it is difficult to obtain recombinant P32 efficiently. This study aimed to achieve soluble expression of P32 recombinant protein and to develop its specific monoclonal antibody. The gene fragment of P32Δ (GP32Δ) was synthesized by optimizing the coding sequence of amino acids 1-246 of the known goatpox P32 protein. Subsequently, GP32Δ was cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector for expression and purification, resulting in the successful production of soluble recombinant protein rP32Δ. Utilizing rP32Δ, an indirect ELISA method was established by immunizing 6-week-old BALB/c mice with inactivated GTPV as the antigen. Through hybridoma technology, three monoclonal antibody hybridoma cell lines secreting anti-goat pox virus rP32Δ were screened, designated as 2F3, 3E8, and 4H5, respectively. These monoclonal antibodies, classified as IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b, respectively, with κappa light chains, were characterized following ascites preparation and purification. Indirect ELISA results demonstrated that the ELISA potency of the three monoclonal antibodies exceeded 1:12800. Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed specific reactivity of both 3E8 and 4H5 with rP32Δ, while immunofluorescence assays confirmed 3E8's ability to specifically recognize GTPV in cells. The preceding findings demonstrate the successful acquisition of the soluble expressed recombinant P32 protein and its specific monoclonal antibody 3E8 in this study, thereby laying a foundational material basis for the establishment of a GTPV detection method.

Objectives: To investigate the acceptance and factors influencing acceptance of rubella-containing vaccine (RCV) among women of reproductive age in Guangdong, Henan, Hubei, Liaoning, Shanxi, Sichuan and Zhejiang provinces of China. Methods: Using a stratified sampling method, we selected one urban and one rural community health services center in each of two cities in seven provinces. From these centers, we recruited women 15–49 years of age to complete a questionnaire on their willingness to receive RCV and factors influencing willingness. The survey instrument was adapted from the behavioral and social drivers (BeSD) of vaccination survey tool developed by the World Health Organization. Results: Among 1286 participants, 981 (76.3%) were willing to receive RCV. Awareness of rubella ranged from 12.4% to 70.6%. Willingness to receive RCV differed significantly by region, occupation, vaccination history, and awareness. All latent variables of the structural equation model (SEM) were positively correlated with willingness, and all standardized paths were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Thinking and Feeling had direct positive effects on Social Processes (β = 0.789) and Practical Issues (β = 0.542), thereby indirectly affecting motivation. Conclusions: Women of reproductive age had high willingness to receive the rubella vaccination, but their general awareness of rubella was relatively low. It is necessary to strengthen the health education of women of reproductive age regarding rubella to improve RCV coverage.

Vaccination subsidy is one of the most important measures to increase the willingness of people to be vaccinated for epidemic prevention and control. Given the budget constraint of vaccination subsidy and the different roles of various age groups population in the epidemic transmission process, a novel approach is proposed to optimize the utilization of the limited vaccination subsidy budget. First, an age-structured SIR model that integrates the human interpersonal contact pattern and vaccine protection effect is developed to simulate the epidemic trend under a certain vaccination state. Then, a decision model is constructed to determine the optimal vaccination subsidy allocation scheme for various age groups based on the age-structured SIR model. A case study of Wuhan City is used to verify the decision approach, and a series of sensitivity analyses are conducted. The result shows that the peak time of an epidemic is positively related to the total treatment cost for all the infections, and more subsidies should be allocated to the populations with higher interpersonal contact frequencies for epidemic prevention and control.

学校要牢固把握社会主义立德树人的各项基本任务,努力造就德智体美劳发展的社会主义建设者和接班人,生命观念是思政体系中不可或缺的重要内容,对学生个体和社会乃至国家都有非常重要的作用.但从当前实际情况而言,生命观念的教育还处于草创期甚至是匮乏阶段,由此而导致的一系列问题不容小觑应提起注意.本文通过对我国高校学生对生命观念认知的现状以及实现途径的研究,希望通过在互联网环境下探索新媒体平台和第二课堂实践为有效提升公众生命观念提供有效建议.

Objective:To analyze the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth dis-ease(HFMD)from 2008 to 2021 in Hubei Province,China,and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFMD.Methods:The information on HFMD cases and enterovirus 71(EV71)vaccine data were obtained from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information Sys-tem and the Children Immunization Program Information Management System of Hubei,and the etio-logical and epidemiological analyses were conducted.Results:A total of 981 050 cases were reported in Hubei Province from 2008 to 2021 including 1 667 severe cases and 112 deaths,with an average an-nual incidence of 120.80/100 000.The severe cases rate and deaths rate were 0.17％and 0.01％re-spectively,and the annual mortality rate was 0.05/100 000.Cases in children ≤5 years old account-ed for 95.28％.The male-to-female ratio was 1.56∶1.The scattered children and kindergarten chil-dren accounted for 67.32％and 29.06％.The two incidence peaks were observed every year except for 2020(maybe affected by the COVID-19 epidemic),one was between April and June in spring and summer,and another was between October and December in autumn and winter.On the whole,EV71 was the dominant strain in Hubei Province from 2008 to 2021.The top five areas with the high-est incidence in Hubei province were Shennongjia Forest(303.95/100 000),Huangshi(204.62/100000),Xiangyang(197.17/100 000),Ezhou(182.83/100 000),and Shiyan(159.23/100 000).The average vaccination rate of EV71 vaccine was 18.45％from 2008 to 2021.Conclusion:HFMD in Hubei Province shows obvious seasonal,population,and regional distribution characteristics.Since 2008,EV71 has been the dominant strain,and scattered children and kindergarten children were high-risk groups.To effectively prevent HFMD,it is necessary to promote the vaccination of EV71,and strengthen epidemic surveillance,especially monitoring the genotypes and recombinants of dominant strains.

Background Several COVID-19 vaccines are in widespread use in China. Few data exist on comparative immunogenicity of different COVID-19 vaccines given as booster doses. We aimed to assess neutralizing antibody levels raised by injectable and inhaled aerosolized recombinant adenovirus type 5 (Ad5)-vectored COVID-19 vaccine as a heterologous booster after an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine two-dose primary series. Methods Using an open-label prospective cohort design, we recruited 136 individuals who had received inactivated vaccine primary series followed by either injectable or inhaled Ad5-vectored vaccine and measured neutralizing antibody titers against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 virus and Omicron BA.1 and BA.5 variants. We also measured neutralizing antibody levels in convalescent sera from 39 patients who recovered from Omicron BA.2 infection. Results Six months after primary series vaccination, neutralizing immunity against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 was low and neutralizing immunity against Omicron (B.1.1.529) was lower. Boosting with Ad5-vectored vaccines induced a high immune response against ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Neutralizing responses against Omicron BA.5 were ≥ 80% lower than against ancestral SARS-CoV-2 in sera from prime-boost subjects and in convalescent sera from survivors of Omicron BA.2 infection. Inhaled aerosolized Ad5-vectored vaccine was associated with greater neutralizing titers than injectable Ad5-vectored vaccine against ancestral and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variants. Conclusions These findings support the current strategy of heterologous boosting with injectable or inhaled Ad5-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccination of individuals primed with inactivated COVID-19 vaccine.

目的 分析2015-2021年湖北省有明确暴露时间的狂犬病病例流行特征及潜伏期影响因素,为狂犬病防控提供依据.方法 利用2015-2021年湖北省狂犬病病例监测中各县(市、区)开展的个案调查中有明确暴露时间的个案资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析.结果 2015-2021年湖北省有明确暴露时间的狂犬病病例共106例,男女性别比为1.65∶1,50～79岁组占74.53％,农民占83.02％,鄂西北的襄阳市、宜昌市、十堰市和荆门市报告病例数占80.19％.发病较多的月份为10、6和1月,分别占16.98％、13.21％和10.38％.伤口Ⅱ级暴露和Ⅲ级暴露分别占24.53％和75.47％,手部、下肢膝以下、头面、手臂、下肢膝以上分别占暴露部位的48.11％、27.36％、10.38％、8.49％和5.66％;狗、猫和野生动物分别占暴露动物来源的96.23％、2.82％和0.94％,流浪动物、自家养、邻居养、野生动物分别占暴露动物来源的42.45％、39.62％、16.98％和0.94％,邻居养和自家养动物均未接种兽用狂犬病毒疫苗.暴露后到医疗机构处置伤口和接种人用狂犬病毒疫苗的均仅占9.43％,Ⅲ级暴露注射狂犬病病毒免疫球蛋白的占5.00％.潜伏期呈右偏态分布,中位数为77.5天,95％CI为60.71～100.00.单因素分析结果显示,暴露程度、暴露部位、伤口处理和接种疫苗对潜伏期影响有统计学意义(P＜0.05).多重线性回归分析结果显示,暴露程度和暴露部位对潜伏期影响有统计学意义(P＜0.05),Ⅲ级暴露较Ⅱ级暴露的潜伏期短,暴露部位离头部越近潜伏期越短.结论 潜伏期受多种因素影响,规范犬只管理,暴露后规范处置伤口、及时接种人用狂犬病毒疫苗、必要时注射狂犬病毒免疫球蛋白是预防控制狂犬病的关键.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis B (HB) vaccination, causes of without the vaccination and their influencing factors among 15 – 59 years old residents in Xiangyang and Xiaogan city of Hubei province, and to provide evidences for developing strategies on HB prevention and control in the population. MethodsUsing a self-designed questionnaire, we conducted a voluntary survey among 1 398 permanent residents aged 15 – 59 years recruited with multistage random sampling in urban and rural regions of Xiangyang and Xiaogan city during March – November, 2020. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the data collected. ResultsOf all the participants, 65.38% (914) reported having HB vaccination and 37.7% (527) reported full-does HB vaccination. Among the participants never having HB vaccination, 308 (63.64%) reported the willingness to have the vaccination; while, the main reason for being unwilling to have the vaccination was considering that the vaccination is unnecessary due to self-perceived good health. Multivariate logistic analysis indicated that occupation, education, monthly income, and whether with HB patients around were significant influential factors of HB vaccination. ConclusionFor adult residents in Xiangyang and Xiaogan city, being a farmer, with lower education and having high income are risk factors for without HB vaccination and the residents with HB patients around could pay attention to HB vaccination.

Background: To mitigate a national shortage of WIBP-CorV COVID-19 vaccine, China's regulator approved administering BBIBP-CorV after WIBP-CorV for completion of a primary series. In a pragmatic observa-tional study, we compared immunogenicity and safety of a primary series of WIBP-CorV followed by BBIBP-CorV with a primary series of two doses of BBIBP-CorV. Methods: We invited healthy 18-59-years-old adults who had already received either WIBP-CorV or BBIBP-CorV as their first dose in a primary series to participate in this observational cohort study. Subjects who had received WIBP-CorV as their first dose became the observation group; subjects who had received BBIBP-CorV as their first dose became the control group. All participants received BBIBP-CorV as their second dose. We obtained sera 1, 2, and 6 months after second doses for nAb titer measure-ment by micro-neutralization cytopathic effect assay with SARS-CoV-2 strain HB01, standardized with WHO International Standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin. Safety was assessed for the 7 days after administration of second doses. Results: Between March and December 2021, 275 subjects were included in the observation group and 133 in the control group. Neutralizing seropositivity (>= 1:4) rates were 98.91 % and 99.25 % at 1 month and 53.16 % and 70.69 % at 6 months. One-month geometric mean titers (GMTs) were 21.33 and 22.45; one-month geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) were 227.71 IU/mL and 273.27 IU/mL. One to two months after vaccination, observation group seropositivity rates and titers were not significantly different to the control group's. Adverse reaction rates were 11.27 % and 18.80 %, all mild or moderate in severity. Conclusions: Both primary series were immunogenic; immunogenicity of WIBP-CorV followed by BBIBP-CorV was not different than immunogenicity following two doses of BBIBP-CorV for two months after vaccination; safety profiles were acceptable for both regimens. BBIBP-CorV can be used to complete a pri-mary series that started with WIBP-CorV. (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

国家心血管病中心公布的统计数据显示,高血压已成为我国心血管疾病最重要的危险因素,80％的急性脑卒中归因于高血压,且高血压患病率随年龄增加明显升高,年龄≥75 岁的老年人高血压患病率超过60％[1-2].2019年10月,中国心脏病学会第十届委员会高血压小组发布的研究报告显示,现阶段,我国高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率仍处于较低水平,且多数患者高血压缺乏自我管理[3].国内外研究发现,社区防治是控制高血压最有效的路径[4-5].本研究以海口市社区卫生服务中心管理的高血压患者为例,通过调查问卷方式了解患者血压自测情况和影响因素,为社区高血压防治和有效管理提供参考.

目的 分析2004-2019年湖北省戊型病毒肝炎的流行病学特征,为制定戊肝防控策略提供科学的参考依据.方法 采用描述性分析、聚类分析的方法进行数据分析.结果 2004-2019年湖北省戊肝报告发病32224例,年平均发病率为3.47/10万,总体呈上升趋势.冬春季为发病高峰,每年发病集中在1～5月.男女报告发病率之比为2.5∶1.40 ～69岁之间报告病例数占总病例数68.25％.农民、家务及待业、离退休人员发病例数占总病例数72.68％.年均发病率居于前五位的分别是武汉市、孝感市、荆门市、宜昌市、恩施州.结论 湖北省戊肝发病率总体呈上升趋势,有明显的时间、人群、空间分布特点,应加强对易感人群的宣教和监测,降低戊肝对人群健康的危害.

目的 观察肠道病毒71型(entervirus type 71,EV71)灭活疫苗(人二倍体细胞)适龄接种儿童柯萨奇病毒A组6型(Coxsackievirus A6,CVA6)血清中和抗体变化情况.方法 收集EV71灭活疫苗接种儿童的免疫前及免疫后血清,采用微量中和试验检测抗EV71和CVA6中和抗体滴度.结果 无手足口病(hand,foot and mouth disease,HFMD)疾病史及EV71灭活疫苗接种史的6～71月龄儿童的血清抗EV71及抗CVA6中和抗体阳性率分别为27.93％和33.91％,共同阳性率为15.32％;两种抗体阳性率总体呈随月龄增加而逐渐升高的趋势(EV71 :x2=4.436,P＜0.001;CVA6:x2=2.083,P=0.037).完成EV71灭活疫苗2剂免疫后,抗EV71及抗CVA6中和抗体共同阳性率由15.32％升至32.74％,4个年龄组的抗体共同阳性率也分别由0.00％、8.33％、8.33％和31.11％上升至23.81％、28.00％、13.04％和50.00％;抗EV71中和抗体阳性率(27.93％ vs.98.23％;x2=119.257,P＜0.001)和几何平均滴度(geometric mean titer,GMT)(7.01 vs.46.52;x2=78.730,P＜0.001)均较免疫前明显上升;而抗CVA6中和抗体阳性率在免疫前后均为33.91％ (x2=0.000,P＞0.05),GMT在免疫前后差异也无统计学意义(3.09 vs.4.10;x2=0.883,P=0.348).结论 EV71灭活疫苗适龄接种人群EV71及CVA6的隐性感染率和共同隐性感染率较高.接种EV71灭活疫苗对适龄儿童的抗CVA6中和抗体水平无影响,表明EV71和CVA6之间无中和交叉反应.

目的 了解湖北省15-59岁居民乙型肝炎(乙肝)防治知识、态度和行为.方法 采用多阶段随机抽样在湖北省2个地市6个县区抽取15-59岁居民进行现场问卷调查,分析乙肝防治知识、态度和行为平均得分、知晓率或比例.结果 共纳入调查对象1 398名,乙肝防治知识、态度、行为平均得分分别为15.12(±4.99)分(满分23分)、2.57(±2.20)分(满分8分)、10.55(±2.14)分(满分15分),各项知识知晓率、正确态度比例、正确行为比例分别在16.45％-89.77％、10.23％-78.18％、22.17％-97.42％之间.Logistic回归分析显示,地区、职业、文化程度、月收入、周围有无乙肝感染者显著影响调查对象乙肝防治知识得分.乙肝防治知识和态度得分均与行为得分呈正相关(r=0.27,P＜0.05;r=0.19,P＜0.05).结论 调查地区15-59岁居民乙肝防治知识水平总体偏低;应开展针对性的乙肝防治知识宣传,引导正确的乙肝防治态度和行为.

Colorectal cancer is the main leading cause of death from cancer worldwide. Protective effects of vitamin B1 on colorectal cancer have been observed in some epidemiological studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies evaluated the association of intake of vitamin B1 with the incidence of colorectal cancer. Relevant studies were identified in MEDLINE via PubMed (published up to September 2020). We extracted data from articles on vitamin B1 and used a multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and a random-effects model for analysis. We found seven articles meeting the inclusion criteria (1 of cohort studies and 6 case-control studies) and a total of 6,184 colorectal cancer cases were included in this meta-analysis. The multivariable-adjusted OR for pooled studies for the association of roughly the same high dose level versus the lowest vitamin B1 intake and the risk of colorectal cancer was 0.76 (95% confidence interval ([95%CI]: 0.65, 0.89). This meta-analysis studied the relationship between vitamin B1 and colorectal cancer. We found vitamin B1 intake was inversely associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. However, further research and large sample studies need to be conducted to better validate the result.

目的 了解湖北省全人群乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)免疫水平,为制定乙肝的预防控制策略提供依据.方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,于2015-2018年选取湖北省8个市(15个县、45个社区)开展全人群乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)和乙肝表面抗体(HBsAb)水平监测.结果 湖北省全人群HBsAg携带率为2.67％、HBsAb阳性率为66.08％;HBsAg携带率和HBsAb 阳性率在地区(HBsAg:x2= 60.430,P=0.000;HBsAb:X2 = 215.599,P=0.000)、年龄(HBsAg:X2 = 109.341,P=0.000;HBsAb:x2 = 265.578,P = 0.000)、职业(HBsAg:x2 = 70.919,P = 0.000;HBsAb:x2= 480.782,P=0.000)、免疫史(HBsAg:x2= 36.725,P= 0.000;HBsAb:x2 = 27.653,P= 0.000)之间差异均有统计学意义;20岁以上(≥5.64％)、工人(7.59％)、农民(5.99％)和服务人员(5.45％)人群HBsAg携带率偏高,7～14岁(57.06％)、农民(58.98％)、学生(60.71％)和工人(60.76％)HBsAb阳性率偏低.结论 湖北省乙肝防控取得一定成绩,但仍需加大宣传教育力度,提高重点人群(20岁以上、工人、农民、服务人员和学生)乙肝疫苗接种率,开展补充免疫等,有利于降低乙肝感染风险.

目的 评估湖北省免疫规划(EPI)疫苗预防接种异常反应基础保险补偿试点效果.方法 收集2017-2019年获得预防接种异常反应基础保险补偿的病例信息,描述性分析补偿金额、补偿支付时间、补偿服务满意率等指标.结果 2017-2019年湖北省预防接种异常反应基础保险共补偿病例216例,总补偿费为616.50万元,平均每例补偿2.85万元.异常反应(195例)、不排除异常反应(8例)、偶合症(4例)、未分类病例(9例)的平均每例补偿费分别为2.80万元、5.84万元、3.25万元、1.30万元.卡介苗淋巴结核的补偿例数(80例)和总金额(216.10万元)最多.病例的平均补偿支付时间为3.94d.病例或其监护人对保险补偿服务的满意率为89.39％(320/358).结论 预防接种异常反应基础保险补偿试点使补偿范围、标准、效率和满意度明显提高;需持续推进湖北省预防接种异常反应保险补偿工作.

目的 了解湖北省人群脊灰免疫水平,为脊灰的预防控制策略提供依据.方法 2015-2018年,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,抽取湖北省8个县(市、区)健康人群640人开展脊灰抗体水平监测,使用微量中和试验测定脊灰中和抗体(NA)(Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型抗体),运用卡方检验比较各组脊灰抗体阳性率.结果 脊灰Ⅰ型抗体:全人群阳性率为93.44％,性别之间差异无统计学意义(x2=0.000,P＞ 0.05),年龄之间差异有统计学意义(x2=7.371,P＜0.01),地区之间差异有统计学意义(x2=9.813,P＜0.01),年份之间差异有统计学意义(x2=19.264,P＜0.01),7岁以上年龄组人群阳性率偏低(≤92.50％),随州市阳性率偏低(75.00％);脊灰Ⅲ型抗体:全人群阳性率为92.81％,性别之间差异无统计学意义(x2=0.374,P＞0.05),年龄之间差异有统计学意义(x2=4.851,P＜0.05),地区之间差异无统计学意义(x2=0.753,P＞0.05),年份之间差异有统计学意义(x2=8.713,P＜0.05),25岁以上年龄组人群阳性率偏低(86.25％),鄂州市和随州市阳性率偏低(81.25％、85.00％).结论 持续做好脊灰常规免疫和适时的补充免疫,进一步提高地区和重点人群免疫覆盖率,有利于降低脊灰发病风险.

目的 分析2004-2018年湖北省丙型肝炎(简称丙肝)的流行特征,掌握丙肝发病状况,为丙肝防控提供科学的意见和建议.方法 研究收集传染病报告信息管理系统中丙肝报告病例的数据,对其进行描述性分析并使用时间序列模型进行分析预测.结果 丙肝发病率呈持续增加趋势,从2004年的1.82/105增加到2018年的18.51/105,年平均增长率为18.01％.各年龄段丙肝发病率随年份的增加整体呈上升趋势,在同一年份,发病率随年龄段的增加而出现先上升后下降的趋势,在60～70岁年龄段达到顶峰.丙肝的新发患者中排行前三的职业依次为农民、家务及待业、离退休人员,其总占比超过80％.通过时间序列模型预测,如果不采取有效控制措施,5年后丙肝发生率可超过24.88/105.结论 丙肝发病率持续升高,发病有较明显的人群、空间分布特点,需要密切关注并且针对性地采取有效措施,减少疾病的发生和感染.