Background Due to the increasing complexity of global health issues, educators must adopt innovative pedagogical approaches in master's education to cultivate advanced health professionals. Project-based learning (PBL) is an effective method, yet evidence on how it achieves its pedagogical outcomes and influences postgraduate nursing students' development is limited. This study aimed to describe the experiences of postgraduate nursing students engaged in a PBL model within a scientific research training course and to explore the key elements that impact their knowledge, competencies, and affective thinking. Methods This study used a qualitative approach. Twenty-one postgraduate nursing students enrolled in a scientific research training course were interviewed through face-to-face and online. Data were collected through semi-structured focus group interviews. Thematic analysis was used to analyze interview data. Results The qualitative study revealed five themes, external stressors: multiple challenges to capacity, external supportive forces: the teacher as a positive enabler, endogenous forces: self-directed learning from facilitation to reinforcement, sense of accomplishment, and curriculum design for future student needs. Conclusions This study identifies key elements of effective implementation of the PBL educational model that enable students to have a good course experience and promote knowledge, skills and thinking.

OBJECTIVES:The study was aimed to explore the effects of digital device use (digital use) on the psychological health and cognitive functions in Chinese older adults. METHODS:Participants (n = 1915) were extracted from the Chinese Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) in 2018. The digital use was measured by the use of digital devices in different areas over the internet and their use proficiency. Cognitive functions (mainly orientation and calculation) were evaluated with items from the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), while psychological health was measured by perceived loneliness and life satisfaction. Bayesian structural equation modeling was applied to examine the direct effects of digital device purposes and digital device proficiency on cognitive functions and psychological health (loneliness and life satisfaction) and the mediating effects of psychological health. RESULTS:Use purposes of digital devices positively influenced orientation (β = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.09-0.57) and negatively influenced perceived loneliness (β = -0.41, 95% CI: -0.55 to -0.28); proficiency had positive effect on loneliness (β = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.02-0.44) and negative effect on life satisfaction (β = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.22 to -0.03). Loneliness partially mediated the relationship between digital purposes and orientation (β = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.00-0.15), accounting for only 20% of the total effect. Crucially, loneliness directly impaired cognition, reducing both orientation (β = -0.17, 95% CI: -0.33 to -0.01) and calculation (β = -0.18, 95% CI: -0.31 to -0.06). CONCLUSIONS:Purposeful digital engagement can improve orientation and alleviate loneliness in Chinese older adults. It also helps preserve orientation ability partly by reducing feelings of loneliness, whereas use proficiency may exacerbate loneliness and diminish life satisfaction.

As individuals age, cognitive function declines at varying degrees and rates. Cognitive reserve (CR) is thought to explain, to some extent, the individual differences observed in cognitive decline. However, evidence on the relationship between CR and cognitive trajectories remains limited. This study aimed to construct a proxy indicator of CR from a life course perspective and explore its relationship with cognitive trajectories. Data were obtained from 3,460 older adults aged 60 and above, drawn from the 2011–2020 China Health and Aging Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Proxy indicators for CR in early-life were sourced from the Life course panel, while middle and later-life indicators were derived from baseline data collected in 2011. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to construct overall CR scores. Cognitive function was assessed through memory, orientation, and executive function, using group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) to track cognitive aging trajectories over time. Logistic regression analysis was subsequently used to examine the association between CR and cognition over a 10-year follow-up period. Early CR’s most significant proxy indicators were education, type of health insurance in middle-life, and intellectual activity in later-life. Based on the final inclusion of 3,460 participants, three cognition trajectory groups were identified using GBTM: “Low-Rapid Decline” (23.0

OBJECTIVES:To explore the effects of exercise interventions on cognition, physical function, and quality of life among older adults with cognitive frailty. METHODS:A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted (PROSPERO [CRD42024532608]). PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and SinoMed databases were searched from inception until December 18, 2023. RESULTS:We found exercise improved overall cognition, physical frailty, walking ability, gait speed, and so on among older adults with cognitive frailty, but the effect on physical fitness and quality of life was insignificant. Subgroup analysis revealed exercise conducted ≥3 times per week, each session lasting ≤45 min and cycle≤12 weeks, had better-improved cognition. Traditional mind-body exercises like Baduanjin were more effective than resistance training for enhancing cognition. CONCLUSIONS:Exercise intervention benefits overall cognition and most physical functions, but its impact on physical fitness and quality of life remains to be confirmed by future studies.

OBJECTIVE:As an age-related neurodegenerative disease, the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) increases with age. Within the framework of traditional Chinese medicine, spleen-kidney deficiency syndrome (SKDS) is recognized as the most frequent MCI subtype. Due to the covert and gradual onset of MCI, in community settings it poses a significant challenge for patients and their families to discern between typical aging and pathological changes. There exists an urgent need to devise a preliminary diagnostic tool designed for community-residing older adults with MCI attributed to SKDS (MCI-SKDS). METHODS:This investigation enrolled 312 elderly individuals diagnosed with MCI, who were randomly distributed into training and test datasets at a 3:1 ratio. Five machine learning methods, including logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), naive Bayes (NB), support vector machine (SVM), and gradient boosting (GB), were used to build a diagnostic prediction model for MCI-SKDS. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1 score, and area under the curve were used to evaluate model performance. Furthermore, the clinical applicability of the model was evaluated through decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS:The accuracy, precision, specificity and F1 score of the DT model performed best in the training set (test set), with scores of 0.904 (0.845), 0.875 (0.795), 0.973 (0.875) and 0.973 (0.875). The sensitivity of the training set (test set) of the SVM model performed best among the five models with a score of 0.865 (0.821). The area under the curve of all five models was greater than 0.9 for the training dataset and greater than 0.8 for the test dataset. The DCA of all models showed good clinical application value. The study identified ten indicators that were significant predictors of MCI-SKDS. CONCLUSION:The risk prediction index derived from machine learning for the MCI-SKDS prediction model is simple and practical; the model demonstrates good predictive value and clinical applicability, and the DT model had the best performance. Please cite this article as: Ai YT, Zhou S, Wang M, Zheng TY, Hu H, Wang YC, Li YC, Wang XT, Zhou PJ. Development of a machine learning-based risk prediction model for mild cognitive impairment with spleen-kidney deficiency syndrome in the elderly. J Integr Med. 2025; 23(4): 390-397.

Psychological problems such as depression and anxiety increase the risk of cognitive impairment in older adults. But mechanisms on the effect of psychological disorder on cognitive function is inconclusive. Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a core symptom of a number of common psychological disorders and may be a modifiable process shared by many psychological risk factors that contribute to the development of cognitive impairment. RNT may increase the risk of cognitive impairment. However, there are fewer studies related to RNT and cognitive function, and there is a lack of epidemiological studies to explore the relationship between RNT and cognitive function. A cross-sectional study of 424 older adults aged 60 years or over was performed form May to November 2023 in hospital. To investigate the RNT level by using the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ), and investigate the cognitive function level by using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). Multivariable linear regression and subgroup analyses were used to explore the relationship between RNT and cognitive function. We categorized the total RNT scores into quartiles. The multivariable linear regression analysis showed that after adjusting for all covariates, the participants in the Q3 and Q4 groups exhibited lower cognition scores (Q3:β = -0.180, 95

PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to define the concept of health empowerment within the community and explore its key characteristics. METHODS:In this study, the concept was formulated utilizing the hybrid model proposed by Schwartz-Barcott and Kim. In the theoretical phase, comprehensive searches were conducted on PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and SinoMed to gather relevant articles. In the fieldwork stage, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten community workers and fifteen community residents, and the collected data were thoroughly analyzed using routine content analysis techniques. During the final analysis stage, the insights gained from both the theoretical and fieldwork stages were seamlessly integrated. RESULTS:In the theoretical stage, the five attributes of community health empowerment include community participation, policy support, resource acquisition and utilization, cooperation and partnership, self-care, and health decision-making. Antecedents include social support, communication and cooperation, resource mobilization, health knowledge popularization and perceived control. Its consequences include improvements in personal health and life, increased awareness of self-care, and enhanced identity and belonging to the community. Attributes of community health empowerment in the field interview stage: community participation and interaction, community capacity, information exchange, and sharing. Its Antecedents include community organization services, support networks (social structures), health beliefs, policy support, and sustainability. Consequences include process outcomes, health outcomes, and community outcomes. In the final analysis stage, we concluded that community health empowerment is a multi-level process involving individuals, communities, and society as a whole. CONCLUSION:In the context of Chinese culture, community health empowerment is a two-way interactive process of health power between communities. Through community health empowerment, it is not only able to improve individual autonomy and decision-making, as well as self-health management abilities, but also able to enhance community cohesion and promote sustainable community development.

Research increasingly supports the role of electronic health technology in improving cognitive function. However, individuals with mild cognitive impairment or dementia often show low compliance with electronic health technology. To understand the barriers and facilitators for this group, this study was conducted. This study used the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) umbrella review method, searching relevant English articles in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and CINAHL from inception to May 2023. Two researchers independently selected articles based on predefined criteria, assessed study quality using Meta-QAT and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR), and determined confidence in the evidence using GRADE-CERQual. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model was employed to analyze factors related to electronic health technology, and Behavior Change Techniques (BCTs) were used to develop implementation strategies. This study included 21 reviews, covering 535 primary studies, identifying 13 factors. The three most impactful factors on engagement were Perceived Behavioral Control, Relative Advantage, and Social Factors. Six implementation strategies were formulated based on BCT: enhancing targeted approaches, adapting to existing contexts, involving care organizations, accommodating family involvement, accessing virtual community resources, and recognizing patient variability. This umbrella review underscores the need for a multi-level stakeholder approach and a holistic perspective in developing targeted implementation strategies. Using the UTAUT framework, key influential factors have been identified, offering valuable insights for future interventions and enhancing participation in electronic health interventions. This study was registered with the PROSPERO (CRD42023429410).

BackgroundOlfactory testing is emerging as a potentially effective screening method for identifying mild cognitive impairment in the elderly population.ObjectiveOlfactory impairment is comorbid with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults but is not well-documented in subdomains of either olfactory or subtypes of cognitive impairments in older adults. This meta-analysis was aimed at synthesizing the differentiated relationships with updated studies.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in seven databases from their availability to April 2023. A total of 38 publications were included, including 3,828 MCI patients and 8,160 healthy older adults. Two investigators independently performed the literature review, quality assessment, and data extraction. The meta-analyses were conducted with Stata to estimate the average effects and causes of the heterogeneity.ResultsCompared to normal adults, MCI patients had severe impairments in olfactory function and severe deficits in specific domains of odor identification and discrimination. Olfactory impairment was more severe in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment than in patients with non-amnestic MCI. Diverse test instruments of olfactory function caused large heterogeneity in effect sizes.ConclusionValid olfactory tests can be complementary tools for accurate screening of MCI in older adults.

BackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is commonly defined as a transitional subclinical state between normal aging and dementia. A growing body of research indicates that health behaviors may play a protective role against cognitive decline and could potentially slow down the progression from MCI to dementia. The aim of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of literature focusing on health behaviors and MCI to summarize the factors and evidence regarding the influence of health behaviors on MCI.MethodsThe study performed a bibliometric analysis by retrieving publications from the Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index sub-databases within the Web of Science Core Collection. Utilizing VOSviewer and CiteSpace software, a total of 2,843 eligible articles underwent co-citation, co-keywords, and clustering analyses. This methodology aimed to investigate the current status, trends, major research questions, and potential future directions within the research domain.ResultsThe bibliometric analysis indicates that research on healthy behaviors in individuals with MCI originated in 2002 and experienced rapid growth in 2014, reflecting the increasing global interest in this area. The United States emerged as the primary contributor, accounting for more than one-third of the total scientific output with 982 articles. Journals that published the most articles on MCI-related health behaviors included “Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease,” “Neurobiology of Aging,” “Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,” and other geriatrics-related journals. High-impact papers identified by VOSviewer predominantly cover concepts related to MCI, such as diagnostic criteria, assessment, and multifactorial interventions. Co-occurrence keyword analysis highlights five research hotspots in health behavior associated with MCI: exercise, diet, risk factors and preventive measures for dementia, cognitive decline-related biomarkers, and clinical trials.ConclusionThis study provides a comprehensive review of literature on health behavior in individuals with MCI, emphasizing influential documents and journals. It outlines research trends and key focal points, offering valuable insights for researchers to comprehend significant contributions and steer future studies.

AIM:Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) as a cognitive process in multiple mental disorders is a key risk factor for mental disorders. It is associated with the development and maintenance of the illness. The perseverative thinking questionnaire (PTQ) is an instrument to evaluate RNT with excellent reliability and validity. Nevertheless, a Chinese version of the perseverative thinking questionnaire (C-PTQ) is lack of validation in Chinese college students. The study aimed to establish a C-PTQ, explore its psychometric properties in college students. METHODS:After translating PTQ into Chinese, we investigated 696 college students. We conducted exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the psychometric properties and factor structures of the C-PTQ. Content validity was assessed using the content validity index and internal consistency was assessed using the Cronbach's α and McDonald's Omega ω. Multi-variable linear regressions explored the relationships between variables. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to determine the ability of C-PTQ in identifying depression and anxiety. RESULTS:The EFA showed a one-factor structure, which explained 52.227% of the total variance. The CFA showed that both one-factor structure in this research and three-factor structure of original demonstrated eligible model fits. The content validity index of 0.93. Results demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.934, McDonald's Omega ω = 0.934) and convergent validity. The PTQ is a useful tool in identifying depression (sensitivity = 85.5%, specificity = 64.6%) and anxiety (sensitivity = 84.6%, specificity = 68.5%). CONCLUSIONS:The C-PTQ has good psychometric properties, which is valid and reliable for assessing RNT in Chinese college students.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to discern the challenges and coping experiences encountered by nursing staff in long-term care facilities in China. This will be achieved through the identification, evaluation, and qualitative synthesis of comprehensive data.DesignThis is a qualitative meta-analysis.MethodsThe research systematically examined relevant literature sourced from six databases, concluding the search in August 2023. The inclusion criteria encompassed qualitative and mixed-methods studies in both Chinese and English, focusing on challenges faced by nursing staff in long-term care facilities and their corresponding coping strategies. The application of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework facilitated the qualitative meta-integration process. Three independent researchers meticulously screened and assessed the quality of the chosen studies. The synthesis process sought to amalgamate and structure analogous findings into novel categories through multiple readings of the original literature. These categories were subsequently distilled into comprehensive themes.ResultsAnalyzed 15 articles revealed 14 sub-themes and 4 overarching analytical themes. These encompassed Sources of Challenges such as multitasking, clinical emergencies, workplace conflict, demand exceeding resources, and occupational discrimination. Psychological impacts included suppressed emotion, compassion fatigue, and self-doubt. Practical consequences involved damaged health, imbalanced life, and occupational disappointment. Coping strategies identified were self-adjusting, feeling validation and belonging, and finding support.ConclusionOur research identified the challenges faced by nursing staff in Chinese long-term care facilities and their coping experiences. We found that most challenges could be mitigated through appropriate adjustments in managerial strategies, such as reasonable human resources planning, and providing resource support, including material, emotional, and informational support. Similarly, institutions should have offered necessary emotional and psychological support to nursing staff to overcome the negative impacts of challenges and encourage them to adopt positive coping strategies.

Background and aimsAmnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is the most common subtype of MCI, which carries a significantly high risk of transitioning to Alzheimer’s disease. Recently, increasing attention has been given to remnant cholesterol (RC), a non-traditional and previously overlooked risk factor. The aim of this study was to explore the association between plasma RC levels and aMCI.MethodsData were obtained from Brain Health Cognitive Management Team in Wuhan (https://hbtcm.66nao.com/admin/). A total of 1,007 community-dwelling elders were recruited for this project. Based on ten tools including general demographic data, cognitive screening and some exclusion scales, these participants were divided into the aMCI (n = 401) and normal cognitive groups (n = 606). Physical examinations were conducted on all participants, with clinical indicators such as blood pressure, blood sugar, and blood lipids collected.ResultsThe aMCI group had significantly higher RC levels compared to the normal cognitive group (0.64 ± 0.431 vs. 0.52 ± 0.447 mmol/L, p < 0.05). Binary logistics regression revealed that occupation (P<0.001, OR = 0.533, 95%CI: 0.423–0.673) and RC (p = 0.014, OR = 1.477, 95% CI:1.081–2.018) were associated factors for aMCI. Partial correlation analysis, after controlling for occupation, showed a significant negative correlation between RC levels and MoCA scores (r = 0.059, p = 0.046), as well as Naming scores (r = 0.070, p = 0.026). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that RC levels had an independent predictive efficacy in predicting aMCI (AUC = 0.580, 95%CI: 0.544 ~ 0.615, P < 0.001).ConclusionHigher RC levels were identified as an independent indicator for aMCI, particularly in the naming cognitive domain among older individuals. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to validate the predictive efficacy of RC.

BackgroundAs individuals age, they commonly experience reduced physical activity and cognitive decline. While evidence, there is limited trajectory research on their concurrent progression and interrelation in individuals over 55 years old.MethodsThe data was collected from 5,765 individuals aged over 55 years who participated in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) between 2011 and 2020. Physical activity was measured by IPAQ, cognitive function by episodic memory, and mental intactness score. Separate sets of group-based trajectory models were fitted to identify physical activity trajectories and cognitive function trajectories. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association between baseline characteristics and each set of trajectories. Group-based dual trajectory modeling (GBDTM) was applied to quantify these associations.ResultsGBDTM identified three distinct trajectory groups for physical activity and cognitive outcomes. The physical activity trajectories were classified as “Persistently low physical activity” (74.2%), “Decreasing physical activity” (13.7%), and “Rising physical activity” (12.1%). Similarly, cognitive function trajectories were categorized as “Persistently low cognitive function” (22.2%), “Persistently moderate cognitive function” (37.9%), and “Persistently high cognitive function” (39.9%). Notably, 15.6% of participants followed the trajectories of “Persistently low physical activity” and “Persistently low cognitive function.” The presence of a severe decline in physical activity was associated with an increased likelihood of poor cognitive function and vice versa. Age, sex, education, residential status, BMI, and visual impairment were identified as significant predictors for physical activity and cognitive decline.ConclusionThis study found that the GBDTM can determine the consistent trajectories of physical activity and cognitive function trajectories that persistently decline in individuals over 55 years. Analyses of predictive factors can be instrumental in promoting physical activity and delaying cognitive decline.

Abstract Background Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is the most common subtype of MCI with a much higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) transition. this study aimed to develop and validate a non-invasive and affordable initial diagnostic instrument based on neuropsychological assessment and routine physical examination that will identify individuals with potentially reversible aMCI. Methods Data was obtained from Brain Health Cognitive Management Team in Wuhan (https://hbtcm.66nao.com/admin/). A total of 1007 community elders aged over 65 years were recruited and randomly allocated to either a training or validation set at a 7:3 ratio. Ten questionnaires were used to comprehensively collect data including the demography information, chronic disease history, hobbies, and cognitive assessment results of the elderly; Combined with the physical examination results such as blood pressure, blood sugar, blood lipids, blood routine, liver and kidney function, and urine routine, a risk prediction model was constructed with a multivariate logistic regression, and the performance of the model was assessed with respect to its discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness, the results were quantified and visualized through the Area Under the Curve (AUC), Calibration Curve (CC), and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA), respectively. Results The mean age was 71 years old (ranged from 67 to74), and females accounted for 59.48% in all 1007 participants, among them, aMCI (n = 401). Among all predictors, Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), Pulse (P), Hemoglobin (HGB) were lower in the validation set than the training set; the validation set had higher prevalence of diabetes and gastroenteropathy (P < 0.05). The optimal model ultimately includes 11 significant variables: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), center, education, job, planting flowers/keeping pets, singing, Num. of hobbies, Urine Occult Blood (UOB), Urine Protein (UP). The AUC was 0.787 (95% CI: 0.753–0.821) in the training set, and the AUC of 0.780 (95% CI: 0.728–0.832) was verified internally by bootstrapping in the validation set, indicating that the diagnostic model has a good discrimination. Model diagnostics showed good calibration (Hosmer Lemeshow test, X2 = 9.4759, P = 0.304, P＞0.05) and good agreement of the CC in both training and validation sets. The DCA showed a favorable net benefit for clinical use (if the predicted risk of aMCI is greater than 45.9%, divide elder individuals into high-risk groups to manage, resulting in a net benefit rate of 14% among the modeled population). Conclusions This multivariate prediction model can effectively identify older adults at high risk for aMCI, assist in early screening and targeted management of primary healthcare, and promote healthy aging.

Objective: To evaluate the short-term and long-term effects of mobile health（M-health） intervention on symptom management in patients with knee osteoarthritis（KOA） after discharge, and to provide reference for M-health intervention in KOA patients. Methods: A computer-based search of the Chinese and English databases was performed to identify the randomized controlled trial of KOA patients after M-health intervention. The outcome measures included joint pain, joint stiffness, and physical activity function. According to Cochrane Handbook 5.1.0, the quality of the included literature was evaluated, and heterogeneity test and Meta-analysis were performed by using Review manager 5.4 software. Results: A total of 17 articles with 1989 patients were included. Within 6 months after M-health intervention, the improvement of joint pain in the intervention group was better than the control group（SMD=-1.10, 95%CI:-1.75～-0.46, P ＜0.001） and joint stiffness（SMD=-0.71, 95%CI:-1.36～-0.07, P=0.030）, however, there was no significant difference between the intervention group and the control group in improving the physical activity function of patients with KOA after discharge（SMD=-0.43, 95%CI:-1.13～0.26, P=0.220）. At ≥6 months after the M-health intervention, the improvement of the joint pain in the intervention group was better than in the control group（SMD=-0.42, 95%CI:-0.55～-0.29, P＜0.001）, joint stiffness（SMD=-0.45, 95%CI:-0.81～-0.09, P=0.010） and physical activity function（SMD=-0.43, 95%CI:-0.61～-0.25, P＜0.001） of patients with KOA after discharge. Conclusion: M-health intervention can improve KOA patients’ joint pain, joint stiffness, physical activity function after discharge, and has a certain long-term intervention effect.

目的 探讨实习护生工作沉浸体验的潜在类别及其与生涯适应力的关系,为护理临床教学提供参考.方法 使用一般资料问卷、工作沉浸体验量表和大学生生涯适应力量表,以武汉市 10 所三级甲等综合教学医院的 169 名实习护生为研究对象进行问卷调查,进行潜在剖面分析.结果 实习护生工作沉浸体验可分为低水平沉浸组(12.3%)、中低水平沉浸组(55.6%)、中高水平沉浸组(28.4%)与高水平沉浸组(3.6%)4 种潜在类别.不同护理专业喜爱程度、月生活费的实习护生在 4 种不同工作沉浸体验潜在类别上的分布比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);不同工作沉浸体验剖面的实习护生生涯适应力及其各维度得分差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05).结论 实习护生的工作沉浸体验存在 4 种潜在类别,且具有人口学差异,实习护生工作沉浸体验的高低影响护理职业生涯适应能力.应针对工作沉浸体验的异质性采取针对性干预措施,帮助实习护生提高工作沉浸体验从而增强生涯适应力.

目的 通过meta分析我国老年人健康素养的相关因素,为老年人健康素养的提高提供有力的参考依据.方法 检索Embase、PubMed、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国生物医学文献数据库、中国维普、万方和知网数据库,搜集关于老年.人健康素养相关因素的文献,检索从建库开始,截止到2021年10月30日.2名分析者独立进行文献筛选、资料提取并用美国卫生保健和研究机构(agency for healthcare research and quality,AHRQ)建议的标准进行文献质量评价.使用RevMan 5.4进行meta分析.结果 共纳入16篇文献、9项相关因素进行meta分析,样本量为60 067人.Meta分析结果显示,文化程度(OR=2.34,95％CI:1.69～3.24)、自我感知健康状况(OR=1.34,95％CI:1.14～1.58)、地理位置(OR=1.30,95％CI:1.17～1.44)、从事医疗工作(OR=16.98,95％CI:2.15～134.22)、慢性病(OR=1.72,95％CI:1.05～2.83)是我国老年患者健康素养的相关因素(均P＜0.05).结论 低文化程度、自我感知健康状况差、西部地理位置、非医疗工作、无慢性病是老年人健康素养的危险因素.

Background:With the increasing focus on addressing the challenges of aging, researchers have begun to recognize the potential impact of empowering older individuals in addressing retirement issues. However, within different cultural contexts, there still needs to be a more precise analysis regarding the definition of empowering older individuals.Objective:To define and analyze the concept of empowering older individuals within the cultural context of China.Method:Using Rodgers' concept analysis approach, a search was conducted in five databases (PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan fang Data, and VIP Chinese Journal Platform) for studies on empowering older individuals from the time the databases were established until February 2023. The main disciplines involved in the search included nursing, medicine, and public health.Results:Out of the 7,028 studies, 50 articles met the inclusion criteria. The identified attributes are as follows: support system, belief change, and behavioral autonomy. The antecedents were grouped into four categories: physical obstacles, psychological concerns, personal needs and external challenges. The consequences were determined to be improved quality of life, reduced burden of old-age care, gain respect, and self-actualization.Conclusion:Empowering older individuals is a dynamic and evolving concept that involves aligning personal aspirations with appropriate external resources and expressing a certain degree of belief and behavioral change. This study deepens our understanding of empowering older individuals through comprehensive concept analysis, and the identified attributes, antecedents, and consequences of empowering older individuals can be utilized in practice, education, and research.

轻度认知障碍(MCI)转化为痴呆的概率较高,不仅造成老年人的自理能力、社会适应能力的下降,还会给家庭、社会带来沉重负担.目前MCI尚无有效治疗药物,中医针刺、按摩、艾灸等中医外治疗法具有操作简便、经济实用、患者可接受度高等特点,其均通过穴位刺激来改善患者的认知功能,提高生活质量,延缓其向痴呆的发展.本文结合相关中医选穴理论,对不同证型的MCI的临床选穴进行综述,以期为预防MCI发生及发展提供参考借鉴.