为筛选出适宜在关岭自治县推广种植的青贮玉米品种,满足草食畜牧业发展需求,在关岭自治县花江镇文山村对12 个青贮玉米品种开展种植比较试验,采用随机区组设计,每个品种设置 3 个不同种植密度,每个种植密度设置 3 个重复,测定株高、鲜草产量、干鲜比、干草产量.结果:平均鲜草产量(kg/667 m2)由高到低依次为:牧玉 905(4 845.81)、金玉 908(4 821.46)、曲辰 9 号(4 553.60)、瘠抗 928(4 319.22)、曲辰11 号(4 310.09)、雅玉889(4 109.20)、天艺193(4 084.84)、筑青1号(3 865.69)、禾玉9566(3 835.25)、牧青1 号(3 737.84)、兴农单7 号(3 695.24)、博玉468(3 597.83).干草产量(kg/667 m2)依次为:金玉 908(1 591.31)、曲辰11 号(1 475.48)、牧玉905(1 472.22)、瘠抗928(1 444.58)、雅玉889(1 420.16)、兴农单7 号(1 376.70)、曲辰 9 号(1 369.20)、牧青 1 号(1 325.72)、筑青 1 号(1 241.16)、博玉 468(1 227.70)、天艺 193(1 179.01)、禾玉9566(1 159.81).结论:从鲜草产量分析,在关岭自治县海拔高度 1 162m左右的地区,适宜推广种植的青贮玉米品种为牧玉905、金玉 908、曲辰 9 号、瘠抗 928、曲辰 11 号 5 个品种.

为筛选出适宜在关岭自治县推广种植的紫花苜蓿品种,以 13 个紫花苜蓿品种为材料,采用随机区组设计(每个品种 3 个重复),在关岭自治县花江镇文山村开展种植试验,测定株高、鲜草产量、干鲜比、干草产量并进行分析比较.结果:株高(cm)依次为燃力士(500.17)、越能(491.80)、甘农 5 号(487.97)、南半球(483.23)、四河(479.97)、吉利(475.57)、三得利(472.33)、6010(462.20)、热浪(461.23)、赛沃 7(454.57)、劲能 5020(446.27)、劲能 501(426.87)、维多利亚(423.77);鲜草产量(kg/667 m2)依次为燃力士(7 140.16)、劲能 5020(6 936.36)、维多利亚(6 761.08)、四河(6 587.22)、吉利(6 460.49)、赛沃 7(6 453.52)、6010(6 389.42)、甘农 5 号(6 376.07)、劲能 501(6 349.62)、热浪(6 255.13)、南半球(6 165.60)、三得利(6 158.78)、越能(6 147.52);干草产量(kg/667 m2)依次为燃力士(1 650.51)、四河(1 566.88)、赛沃 7(1 532.19)、甘农 5 号(1 505.12)、维多利亚(1 491.32)、吉利(1 487.86)、6010(1 480.66)、三得利(1 472.93)、劲能 5020(1 441.85)、南半球(1 424.73)、劲能 501(1 374.42)、热浪(1 357.42)、越能(1 351.55).结论:综合干草产量等测定指标,在关岭自治县花江镇海拔 1 154m及类似地区最适宜种植的紫花苜蓿品种为燃力士、四河、赛沃 7、甘农 5 号、维多利亚 5 个品种.

[目的]探明2017-2018年安顺市天然草地资源的分布、类型、等级与利用现状,为其天然草地资源保护合理利用提供依据.[方法]选取安顺市西秀区、平坝区、普定县、镇宁县、关岭县和紫云县具有代表性天然草地调查样地327个,调查分析2017-2018年安顺市天然草地资源的分布、类型、等级与利用现状.[结果]安顺市天然草地总体上呈零星分布,主要分布在北盘江流域和打帮河流域的石山区和少数民族聚居区的村寨周围和山坡脊岭上,天然草地类型有暖性灌草丛类、热性灌草丛类、低地草甸类和山地草甸类4个大类23个草地型,以热性灌草丛类草地面积最大,为6.26万hm2,占天然草地总面积的97.16％;暖性灌草丛类草地其次,为969 hm2,占1.50％;山地草甸类草地居第三,为778 hm2,占1.21％;低地草甸类草地最少,仅81.1 hm2,仅占0.13％.全市天然草地植被盖度为67.84％,各区(县)为63.12％～75.38％,依次为西秀区＞平坝区＞镇宁县＞紫云县＞普定县＞关岭县;草层高度为40.53 cm,各区(县)为35.01～49.40 cm,依次为紫云县＞平坝区＞镇宁县＞西秀区＞普定县＞关岭县;可食牧草干草产量为2 553.24 kg/hm2,各区(县)为2 118.13～2 934.41 kg/hm2,依次为紫云县＞关岭县＞镇宁县＞平坝区＞西秀区＞普定县.天然草地牧草质量大部分为Ⅲ等2～4级,占73.09％,天然草地资源综合评定为"中质中产"草地.[结论]安顺市天然草地总体呈零星分布,草地类型有暖性灌草丛类、热性灌草丛类、低地草甸类和山地草甸类4个大类,Ⅲ等草地占安顺市天然草地资源的主导地位,Ⅲ等2～4级草地占73.09％,综合评定为"中质中产"草地.

调查分析贵州安顺市肉牛产业养殖、加工以及品牌销售等环节的发展现状,立足当地肉牛发展优势,剖析产业存在的主要问题,提出产、加、销全产业链融合发展对策建议,旨在为加快推进安顺市现代山地肉牛产业发展科学决策提供理论参考.

试验为提高岩溶区冬闲田土种草牧草产量和营养品质,在岩溶区开展多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)与光叶紫花苕(Vicia villosa)不同混播比例种植试验研究.试验设置多花黑麦草100%(L100)、光叶紫花苕100%(V100)、多花黑麦草30%+光叶紫花苕70%(L30V70)、多花黑麦草40%+光叶紫花苕60%(L40V60)、多花黑麦草50%+光叶紫花苕50%(L50V50)、多花黑麦草60%+光叶紫花苕40%(L60V40)、多花黑麦草70%+光叶紫花苕30%(L70V30)7个处理,测定株高、产草量、相对生长速率及种间竞争力.结果表明,第1次刈割各混播比例的多花黑麦草比单播L100株高提高了0.08%～10.20%,除L60V40外,其余混播比例光叶紫花苕的株高比单播V100提高了1.56%～20.58%,各混播多花黑麦草总高度比单播L100提高1.01%～5.00%.L40V60、L60V40多花黑麦草的年产草量均高于L100.第1次刈割产草量占全年总产草量的35.40%～42.86%,第2次刈割产草量占24.02%～30.21%,第3次刈割产草量占30.60%～35.02%.第1次、3次刈割,各混播比例的产草量高于第2次刈割,多花黑麦草单播L100产草量呈递减趋势.L30V70多花黑麦草和光叶紫花苕种间存在对资源的激烈竞争,存在一定程度的拮抗,产草量低于多花黑麦草单播L100.研究表明,L60V40混播比例(13.5 kg/hm2多花黑麦草+24.0 kg/hm2光叶紫花苕)产草量最高,其产草量为17 136.67 kg/hm2,土地利用率提高了21%,岩溶区选择多花黑麦草60%+光叶紫花苕40%进行混播较好.

为了推进贵州省安顺市家庭牧场肉牛养殖业的进一步发展,本文从圈舍情况、草料供应、养殖品种及养殖模式、成本投入、效益分析等方面介绍了安顺市家庭牧场肉牛养殖的现状;从牛舍、母牛质量、科学饲养、经营管理、疫病防控等方面指出了存在的问题;针对问题提出了建议:从规模和品种选择、用地用工、饲草饲料、技术服务、资金筹措等方面把握好发展家庭牧场养殖肉牛的因素,从出台政策和项目支持、成立工作专班、明确任务和宣传动员、组织培训和启动服务等方面政府管理部门要大力支持发展家庭牧场养殖肉牛.

研究为解决紫花苜蓿单独青贮不易成功和玉米秸秆直接利用营养价值低的问题,探索玉米秸秆与紫花苜蓿混合青贮对发酵品质的影响.试验将混合青贮设置7个比例:80％玉米秸秆和20％紫花苜蓿(C80A20)、70％玉米秸秆和30％紫花苜蓿(C70A30)、60％玉米秸秆和40％紫花苜蓿(C60A40)、50％玉米秸秆和50％紫花苜蓿(C50A50)、40％玉米秸秆和60％紫花苜蓿(C40A60)、30％玉米秸秆和70％紫花苜蓿(C30A70)、100％紫花苜蓿(A100).青贮60 d,测定混合青贮的营养价值和发酵品质.结果显示:紫花苜蓿与玉米秸秆混合青贮可提高干物质(DM)、水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)和乳酸(LA)含量,降低pH值和丁酸(BA)含量.研究表明,随着紫花苜蓿比例的增加,pH值明显增加,有少量BA产生.实际应用中建议添加40％左右的玉米秸秆与紫花苜蓿混合青贮较为适宜.

试验以关岭自治县的一年生黑麦草和光叶紫花苕混播草地为研究对象,对混播草地的牧草生物量、生长情况进行测定分析,探讨不同混播比例对植物生长及产量的影响.结果:不同比例混播牧草产量依次为:50％黑+50％紫>100％黑>40％黑+60％紫>60％黑+40％紫>70％黑+30％紫>80％黑+20％紫>100％紫.结论:鉴于试验区饲草应兼具产量和品质的优势,推荐一年生黑麦草和光叶紫花苕按1:1的混播方式进行种植.

在安顺岩溶区,以4种紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)为研究对象,采取免耕栽培方法,对其生长表现进行了观测记录.结果表明,各参试紫花苜蓿品种均不能完成整个生育期,全年总株高差异极显著(P<0.01),茎粗变化1.54～2.39 mm,产草量变化14008.7～16218.1 kg·hm-2(P<0.05),产草量均为第3茬最高,分枝数差异不显著,4年后各参试紫花苜蓿品种有效植株总分枝数普通品种最多(677株·m-2),其次为维多利亚(618株·m-2)、三得利(569株·m-2)及西部之星最少(550株·m-2),再生植株高度与产草量呈正相关.经综合分析,秋眠级6级维多利亚、三得利适宜于安顺1200～1400 mm岩溶区推广栽培.

The vegetation composition and coverage,the grass group altitude,the species number,the grass productivity of natural pasture were investigated in the karst area of southwest China from 2006 —2012 year.There were positive correlation between the output of grassland vegetation and the degree of coverage,the height of grass during seven tested years.Gradually regression equation was Y=7.75X_1 +9.37X_2+110.76(Y- output,X_1- degree of coverage,X_2- vegetation height).The vegetation undulation rate showed the change of wave form.The growth of vegetation was better in 2006,2010 and 2012 than that in control year,whereas the growth of vegetation was worse in 2007,2008,2009 and 2011 than that in control year.The comprehensive evaluation of grassland indicated that the natural pasture of tested area was ranked middle;the grassland vegetation of tested area was ranked good and reasonable utilization.

Through investigation on the comprehensive use status of straw resources and feed-rization in Anshun,the existing problems were summarized,the comprehensive use development direction was analyzed,several countermeasures were put forward to explore developing modern ecological livestock forage feed channel in Anshun,such as: increase the government supporting strength,build incentive mechanism,promote comprehensive utilization progress of the crops straw feed-rization;solve technology problem and difficult problem in straw feed-rization comprehensive utilization;make a good job of propagate training and demonstrate extension works;develop crops straw feed-rization utilization industry chain,drive all-round development of straw processing industry.

Analysis of the status of grassland husbandry development in Guanling autonomous county have been carried out in this study.Find out the restricting factors and advantages of the development of grassland animal husbandry,and put forward some countermeasures to solve the existing problems in order to boost the sustainable development of grassland animal husbandry.

Through cutting natural grass plants in the Guizhou Karst mountain area,we made out control,0 time(CK group),1 time,2 times,3 times and 4 times in different treatments without fertilization,irrigation and so on in one year.Analysis results showed that,(1)Cutting grass compared with the control(CK),different treatments A1,A2,A3,A4 withered periods were postponed by 18d,regreen stages were ahead of 15d,11d,9d,5d respectively in 2009.(2)There was a linear relationship among natural grassland yield,height and coverage,the equation was: Y = 2.54X1+4.38X2-94.74,R2 = 0.9410.The dry weight had significant difference(P <0.05),the ratio of dry and fresh yield decreased with cutting frequency increased.The lower the ratio of dry and fresh was,the higher the forage moisture content was and the better the quality of forage was.(3) There was a " peak" of growth rate on the second cutting for A2,A3 and A4 treatment.We knew to the growth rate an inflection formed for N4 in May 12th,the growth rate increased rapidly after the time,and the growth rate reached peak in July 15th,followed by gradual decline,the second turning point was formed in September 19th.Comprehensive analysis and conclusion,the optimal cutting times were for 2 or 3 times in mountainous area in Karst natural grassland,we took the first harvest time in the middle of July,so that regrowth grass yield could increase 0.7～1.1 time,that would realize economic benefits and ecological benefits double win.

In order to explore production mode, marketing method and development trend of the mutton goat industry in Anshun, the current development situation, processing and sale links, potential advan- tage, and existence problems were investigated in this study. According to the data, future development countermeasures and suggestions for the industry were proposed as follows： firstly to strengthen breed improvement and purification of goats, secondly to improve management level with a suitable business mode; thirdly to balance forage resources scientifically, and develop infrastructure; finally to introduce goat production and processing enterprises and establish a perfect market system.

The different cutting frequencies were conducted in the tropical tussock grassland of Kast Areas in one year,and yield,agronomic characters,regenerative capacity and the following year returning green stage were analyzed primarily. The results showed that: 1) the following year returning green stage for 2-4 cutting times postponed 4-10 d compared once in a year;2) the regeneration height of plants decreased with increasing of cutting frequency in the same growth period. The correlation analysis of treatments among average layer height of grass,grass cover and yield showed a positive correlation (r=0.974 9,r=0.962 8 and r=0.967 5);3) the fresh and hay yields were 11.87 t/hm2 and 5.33 t/hm2,respectively. There was significant difference of hay yield between treatments (P<0.05);4) the growth rate increased with increasing of temperature,active accumulated temperature and rainfall among different cutting stages for the same treatment,vice versa;the growth rate decreased with increasing cutting frequency in the same cutting time of different treatments. The growth rate was the highest 2.1 g/(m2·d) for one cutting in full year.

The main reasons of Karst rocky desertification formation are the artificial unreasonable activities and frail ecological environment in the Karst mountainous area according to the research results.The development of the ecological grassland animal husbandry is one of the most important effective methods to control Karst rocky desertification.Several patterns to develop ecological grassland animal husbandry are put forward for controlling Karst rocky desertification under the present conditions.

开展育秧田种植多花黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lam.)研究,挖掘农区种草养畜资源,提高土地利用率,降低成本,增加收入,建设社会主义新农村,发展草地畜牧业,推进生态畜牧业的发展。

介绍了贵州一年生黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum)稻田免耕种植技术要点,即稻田选址、播种、田间管理以及刈割种用等关键环节。

按照"围绕农民转、做给农民看、带着农民干、帮助农民赚"的要求推广人工种草,开发与合理利用草地资源,防止草地退化和石漠化,改善生态环境,发展草地畜牧业,推进安顺草地生态畜牧业持续健康发展。