Aim To analyze the relationship of hippocampus serotonin with alternations of serum tryptophan and branched chain amino acids (BCAA) on the basis of improved Rats’ Chronic Exercise-induced Central Fatigue Model.Methods① Rats’ Chronic Exercise-induced Central Fatigue Model was established.② The method of HPLC-MC to measure the level of tryptophan and BCAA in rat’s serum was adopted and the relationship between them was analyzed.③ The method of HPLC-ECD to measure the content of 5-HT in rat hippocampus was used.Results It was easily found that there was a signiifcant decrease of serum tryptophan in rats with central fatigue after running (P<0.01), compared with the control group, while BCAA (serum leucine, isoleucine and valine), the rival competitor of tryptophan when entered into the central nervous system, were not signiifcantly changed. Ratios of leucine, isoleucine and valine to tryptophan were also signiifcantly increased (P<0.01), and the ratio of sum of BCAA to tryptophan as well. Conclusion Rats’ level of 5-HT had a sharp increase with both chronic central fatigue after exercise and after one-time exhaustive exercise. But there was some difference in regulation mechanism between them. The fall of serum tryptophan and the rise of the ratio of BCAA/TRP were favorable for BCAA to enter the central nerve. And at the same time, the measurement of tryptophan in serum was likely to become the biochemical indicators of the extreme fatigue of organism.

Human brain under long‐term serious mental stress ,not only could cause cerebral cortex dysfunction symptoms such as anxiety ,melancholy and so on ,but also show manifestations of metabolic‐endocrine ,autonomic nerve ,im‐mune and visceral dysfunction .According to clinical manifestations and relative laboratory examinations of six different types of hypothalamus function damage different types of hypothalamus syndrome due to long‐term chronic stress state were expounded and proved ,and it is recommended to use the name of cortico‐di‐encephalic syndrome .

Objective The paper aims to study the regulatory changes of monoamines transmitters in the central nerve system of rats under the state of chronic exercise - induced fatigue. Methods The rat model of chronic exercise - induced central fatigue was used in this study. The frontal cortex of the rats was removed. The contents of 5 - HT,epinephrine,norepinephrine and dopamine in frontal cortex were quantitatively ana-lyzed by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Results It was found that compared with control group,there was a significant in-crease of frontal cortex 5 - HT in rats with exercise - induced central fatigue after constant training and there was,at the same time,a significant decrease of dopamine( P < 0. 01). However,there was no significant change of the levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine which both belong to monoamine neurotransmitter. Conclusion With central fatigue,the levels of 5 - HT and dopamine,the two important neurotransmitters in cen-tral nerve system,have significant changes simultaneously. And both of the changes have a direct inhibitory trend,which explains that the rats are under the state of central fatigue and this state causes the change of regulatory mechanism of the transmitter in the brain.

Objective The aim of this paper is to analyze mechanisms of motion regulation of tryptophan and branched-chain in chronic exercise central fatigue,through the analysis of tryptophan and leucine in serum in rat's model of chronic exercise central fatigue. Methods To set up the rat's model of chronic exercise central fatigue. To test the tryptophan and leucine in Rats' serum with HPLC-MS. Results Compared with the control rats,the level of tryptophan in exercise central fatigue rats reduces sharply and there is a significant difference( P 0. 05). There is no statistical difference in the level of leucine. Leu /Trp rises sharply with significant difference( P 0. 05). Conclusion There is a clear trend of declining in the level of tryptophan in the blood of rats under training with chronic exercise central fatigue. Because of the rising level of the ratio between leucine and tryptophan in branched-chain amino acids. It refines tryptophan to entering the central nerves system,regulating the occurring and development of the central fatigue. This alternation is possibly a self-regulation reaction in order to adapt to chronic exercise central fatigue.

<正>20世纪初,在有关肌萎缩侧索硬化等神经变性疾病的病因和发病机制方面,英国著名神经病学家Gowers爵士(1902)提出了"无生活能力(abiotrophy)"的假说,其

This study sought to elucidate the genetic correlation of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis caused by a hereditary antithrombin deficiency in a Chinese family, at the genetic and protein levels. A nonsense mutation from C to T on locus 6431 in exon 3B of the antithrombin gene was observed, leading to an arginine (CGA) to stop codon (TGA) change in the protein. This is the first report of this mutation in China. Ineffective heparin therapy in the propositus patient is associated with a lack of heparin binding sites after antithrombin gene mutation. Characteristic low intracranial pressure in the acute phase might be specific to this patient with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis.

一、神经变性病分子生物学研究的现状 20世纪下半叶是分子生物学大发展的时代,同时也带动了神经系统变性病分子遗传学的进展[1].其中,有一部分疾病是根据病理生物学方面的证据,从而发现了相关的候补基因[例如阿尔茨海默病患者的淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)基因和神经原纤维缠结上的微管相关蛋白(MAP)-tau基因].

Metabolic,nutritional and intoxicational neuropathies are more common and important types of peripheral neuropathies.Except a few rare types,most of them are chronic onset,manifested as bilateral, symmetrical motor,sensory and autonomic disturbances.The course usually runs more slowly progressive. To explore the cause of disease is the most urgent procedure for diagnosis.The principles of therapy chiefly are depending on the etiology and associated with oral or parenteral administrations of multiple Bgroup vitamins.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the imaging and clinical feature of leukoencephalopathy with hearing loss first complaint. METHOD The head MRI and clinical feature of 7 cases leukoencephalopathy with hearing loss first complaint were retrospectively analysed, including their place, shape, range and blood plasma very-long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA). RESULT The head MRI of 2 cases shows symmetry distributed long T, and T2 signal like butterfly aliform in white matter beside both cornu posterior ventriculi lateralis. The head MRI of 5 cases shows abnormal long T1 and T2 signal in different part in Alba. The pathological changes often located in white matter of frontal lobe and secondly beside both cornu posterior ventriculi lateralis. The shape shows little patching in 7 cases. The range only shows beside cornu posterior ventriculi lateralis in 2 cases. The range only shows in frontal lobe in 1 cases. Two or more than two parts shows in the rest 5 cases. The result of VLCFA is normal in 3 cases. The rest 4 cases refused to have examination of VLCFA. CONCLUSION The patient who firstly complained of hearing loss should be routinely done head MRI. The head MRI imaging could clearly show abnormal white matter in order to avoid omitting existent pathological changes.

Objective To determine the changes in tryptophan levels in the chronic fatigue syndrome(CFS) patients.Methods The levels of tryptophan in the plasma of CFS patients were determined by HPLC.The patients and healthy persons were selected according to the CDC criteria.Results The levels of tryptophan in CFS(32.03±5.33)μmol/L increased significantly when compared those in controls(22.49±4.26)μmol/L.Conclusion Serotonergic dysfunction that initially came from the metabolitic disturbance of trytophan in the plasma might be one of the pathogenetic factors for CFS.

20世纪以来生物学的发展进程 在20世纪90年代的一次国际神经化学大会上,大会主席曾经总结了从20世纪以来有关生物学的发展进程,他认为大体上可以分为4个比较明显的阶段:从1901-1925年是细菌生物学时代,在细菌学方面有重大进展;1926-1950年是酶生物学时代,在酶学方面有重大进展;1951-1975年为分子生物学时代,在分子生物学技术方面取得了重大进展;1976-2000年以后可以称为神经生物学时代,将在神经生物学方面有重大进展.

目的 观察脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导大鼠纹状体炎性反应2周后,急性一氧化碳(carbon monoxide,CO)中毒对黑质多巴胺(dopamine,DA)能神经元的影响.方法 160只SD雄性大鼠随机分为CO组、LPS组、CO+LPS组和对照组,观察大鼠在染毒后不同时间点的尾静脉血24 h内碳氧血红蛋白(HbCO)浓度变化、行为学改变、酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase,TH)及OX-42(小胶质细胞标志物)的表达,高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析纹状体DA含量变化.结果 染毒鼠均达到持续24 h CO重度中毒(HbCO＞50%).CO+LPS组大鼠染毒后14、21、28 d的30min内平均运动速度和运动距离下降(P＜0.05),小胶质细胞明显增生并异常激活,TH阳性神经元数量分别减少43.2%(P＜0.05)、46.5%(P＜0.05)和63.7%(P＜0.01);DA分别降低33.0%、39.0%(P＜0.05)和53.6%(P＜0.01).结论 大鼠多巴胺能神经系统发生炎性反应后,将加重急性CO中毒对多巴胺能神经元的损害,增加CO中毒后患帕金森综合征的风险.

Aim:To analyze the difference of decreased oxidasic activity of ceruloplasmi(nCP) in 41 cases of Wilson’ s disease(WD) and 52 cases of non-Wilson’ s disease (NWD), in order to diagnose or exclude WD earlier. Methods: Using spectrophotometer to measure the color of product, which was produced from O-Dianisidine Dilydrochloride catalyzed by CP in serum, and then the enzyme activity was measured. Results: The result of WD group is 11.17±13.80 IU·L-1, and the result of NWD group is 39.42±9.77 IU·L-1. The difference of CP was significantly between the two groups, P<0.001. The CP of the partial NWD patients can elevated significantly after treated,but the CP of WD patients do not show elevated. Conclusion: It can be diagnosed WD referring clinical characters if the CP of a patient decreased significantly. If CP elevate significantly after treated, it can be a reference to exclude WD.

<正>近年来,有关神经变性和神经变性病的研究,正在不断地深化和发展。尤其在其生物学基础方面,出现了许多崭新的认识和假说,因而有可能为今后对该疾病的治疗和预防带来一定的启示。

ObjectiveTo analyze the characteristics of top of the basilar syndrome (TOBS) in clinic and imaging.MethodsData of 31 TOBS cases were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsThe clinical features of TOBS patients were sudden unconsciousness or vertigo and dyskinesia of the limbs, the dismovement of the eyeballs, abnormality of the pupils, partial blindness or cortical blindness, hypesthesia, disturbance of memory and counting. CT and MRI showed multi-infarction included thalami, occipital lobe, cerebellum, midbrain, temporal lobe.ConclusionTOBS can be diagnosed accurately according to clinical features and imaging signs.

Objective To explore whether natural ceramide has effect on lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) metabolism in primary cultured mice cortical neurons. Methods Ceramide at different concentrations of 50,100,200,500,1000,2000 nmol/L was given to the culture medium of primary cultured mice cortical neurons. The LDH concentration was assayed after 0 h,1 h,4 h,8 h,12 h,16 h,24 h,36 h respectively. Its metabolism rate and leakage rate were calculated respectively. Results Ceramide changed significantly the distribution of LDH inside and outside of the neurons. Exogenous ceramide stimulated LDH elevation in supernatant in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, but had little impact on the total LDH metabolism of neurons. Conclusion Ceramide elevates the leakage rate of LDH and has no effect on total LDH metabolism of neurons.

对神经变性病的细胞和基因治疗效果进行评估述评。

新型隐球菌脑膜炎是最常见的颅内真菌感染.该病起病隐匿,临床症状、体征及CSF检查不典型,使误诊率较高.现将1973年～2003年间我院神经科住院诊治的均经CSF墨汁染色新型隐球菌阳性≥2次,同时乳胶凝集试验新型隐球菌荚膜抗原阳性或CSF培养出新型隐球菌的16例新型隐球菌脑膜炎病例进行回顾性分析,旨在早期诊断,并探讨有效的治疗方案.

简要地叙述了脑中含铁蛋白(铁蛋白、转铁蛋白等)的代谢异常在各种神经变性病发炳机制中的作用.

此文介绍近年发现的气体神经介质--一氧化碳及其合成酶血红素加氧酶,并对其生物合成、靶点、生理功能和病理生理作用,以及它们在神经系统疾病中所起的作用加以综述.