OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of isoimperaterin on regulation of tyrosinase and Rab27a in cultured human epidermal melanocytes.METHODS:Human epidermal melanocytes were isolated and cultured.The cells were randomly divided into control and experimental groups.Melanocytes of the control group were cultured with M-254 culture medium.Cells of the experimental group were cultured with M-254 culture medium containing 25 μmol/L isoimperaterin.The cells were cultured for 48 h and observed using inverted microscopy.Cell vitality was assayed using MTT method.The expression of tyrosinase and transfer-related protein Rab27a were analyzed by western blotting.The activity of tyrosinase and the content of melanin were measured by L-dopa oxidation and NaOH method,respectively.RESULTS:Compared with the control group,the dendrites of melanocytes of experimental group were elongated after treatment with 25 μmol/L isoimperaterin for 48 h.Melanocyte vitality was reduced by 17.2％ (P＜0.05).Expression of tyrosinase was decreased by 30.3％ (P＜0.01) and Rab27a was increased by 31.9％ (P＜0.05).The activity of tyrosinase was reduced by 25.6％ (P＜0.05).Melanin content was decreased by 30.9％ (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:25 μmol/L isoimperaterin elongated melanocytic dendrites but inhibited melanocyte vitality.It also inhibited the expression and activity of tyrosinase and promoted the expression of transfer-related protein Rab27a to reduce the content of melanin in cultured human epidermal melanocytes.

目的:探讨应用PSBH方法开展大学生营养教育及对不合理生活方式进行早期干预的作用.方法:应用"解决问题、促进健康"方法,通过举办营养教育讲座、发放营养知识和健康生活方式宣传手册、并采用KAP调查问卷对汕头大学200名不同专业本科学生进行营养教育干预前、后调查.结果:营养教育干预前,大学生的营养知识相对缺乏,部分营养知识的答题正确率不到50％.部分大学生存在一些不正确的饮食行为.实施PSBH项目后,大学生营养知识显著提高(P<0.05),营养态度明显改善(P<0.01)、不合理饮食行为也明显改变.结论:通过PSBH项目,对在校大学生的生活方式进行干预,可提升在校大学生对营养知识的了解,促进良好营养态度的形成,纠正不合理的饮食行为和生活习惯,对预防常见慢性病有积极意义.

Objective To investigate the effect of isoimperatorin on expression of c-Kit protein in cultured human epidermal melanocytes.Methods Human epidermal melanocytes were separated,purified and cultured in vitro.Purified melanocytes were randomly divided into group 1 (control group),group 2 (10 nmol/L SCF group),group 3 (25 μmol/L isoimperatorin group),group 4 (25 μmol/L isoimperatorin + 10 nmol/L SCF group).Cells of each group were cultured according to the setting criteria for 48 h,respectively.Morphologies of cultured human epidermal melanocytes were observed by an inverted microscope.The expression and distribution of c-Kit protein in cultured human epidermal melanocytes were observed by immunofluorescence microscopy.Melanin content in melanocytes was assayed by NaOH method.Results Melanocytes of group two were larger by comparing with cells of group 1;Melanocytes of group three were smaller,but their dendrites were slightly elongated;Melanocytes of group 4 were smaller than that of group 2.Immunofluorescence microscopy showed that c-Kit protein was expressed on membrane of melanocytes with red fluorescence.The expression of c-Kit protein in melanocytes of group 2 was induced by SCF,while the expression of c-Kit protein in melanocytes of group three and group 4 were inhibited by 25 μmol/L isoimperatorin.Compared with group 1,the differences of expression of c-Kit protein in melanocytes between group 2,group 3,group 4 were statistic significant (P＜0.01).Assay of melanin content showed that isoimperatorin both inhibited melanin synthesis in melanocytes and SCF induced melanocytes.Compare with melanin content in melanocytes of group 1,differences of melanin content in melanocytes of group 2,group 3,and group 4 were statistically significant (P＜0.05,P＜0.001).Conclusion 25 μmol/L isoimperatorin regulates SCF/c-Kit signalling by inhibiting expression of c-Kit protein,and reduces melanin content in cultured human epidermal melanocytes.

To investigate the relationship between serum miRNA-21 (miR-21) expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) and their clinicopathologic features, a 1:1 matched case-control study including 21 patients with ESCC and 21 age- and gender-matched healthy controls was carried out. Serum specimens were taken from all subjects. Total RNA was extracted and the stem-loop real time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure serum miR-21 in both groups. Clinical parameters were assessed to determine associations with serum miR-21 concentrations. Serum miR-21 expression in ESCC samples was significantly higher than in paired cancer-free samples (P <0.05). Metastasis was associated with mir-21 expression in serum (P <0.05), ESCC patients with metastasis having 8.4-fold higher serum miR-21 concentrations than healthy controls. There were no statistically significant associations between miR-21 expression and clinicopathologic parameters, such as gender (P >0.05), age (P >0.05), tumor location (P >0.05), cell differentiation (P >0.05), TNM staging (P >0.05), whether chemo/radiotherapy had been administered (P >0.05), or whether surgery had been performed (P >0.05). These findings suggest that the detection of microRNA-21 in serum might serve as a new tumor biomarker in diagnosis and assessment of prognosis of ESCCs.

Background: VEGF is a prime mediator of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Various studies assessing the prognostic value of VEGF in patients with esophageal cancer remain controversial. This study aims to comprehensively and quantitatively summarize the evidence on the suitability of VEGF to predict patients’ survival. Methods: Searches were applied to PubMed and EMBASE until December 31, 2011, without language restrictions. Studies were assessed for quality using REMARK (Reporting recommendations for tumor MARKer prognostic studies). Data were collected comparing overall survival in patients with high VEGF level with those with low level. We conducted a systematic review of 31 studies (n ¼ 2,387 patients) and completed a meta-analysis of 30 studies (n ¼ 2,345 patients) that correlated VEGF levels with overall survival. Data were synthesized with HRs. Results: The estimated risk of death was 1.82-fold greater in patients with high VEGF expression [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.58–2.08]. The heterogeneity was not significant (P ¼ 0.130) between studies. High VEGF expression was associated with worse survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (HR, 1.81; 95% CI,1.57–2.10)andtherewasnosignificanceinbetween-studyheterogeneity(P¼0.185).Datacollectedwerenot sufficient to determine the prognostic value of VEGF in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Conclusions:Inthis meta-analysis, elevated VEGFexpression wasassociated withpoor survival in patients with esophageal cancer but not esophageal adenocarcinoma. Impact: These results support further investigation of VEGF expression for predicting poor survival in patients with esophageal carcinoma and may have implications for treatments directed at inhibiting VEGFmediated angiogenesis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(7); 1126–34. � 2012 AACR.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable esophageal carcinoma has been a focus of study, but no agreement has been reached on clinical randomized controlled trials and relevant systematic evaluation. The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis on published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery with surgery alone for resectable esophageal carcinoma. Medline and manual searches was conducted in PubMed, ASCO (American Society of Clinical Oncology) meeting summary, Embase, the Cochrane Library (up to October 2010), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database, Wanfang Database. The selection contents were to identify all published and unpublished RCTs that compared neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery with surgery alone for resectable esophageal carcinoma. Sixteen RCTs which included 2,594 patients were selected. The risk ratio (RR) (95% confidence interval [CI]; P value), expressed as neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery versus surgery alone (treatment versus control), was 1.02 (0.95, 1.10; P=0.54) for 1-year survival, 1.29 (1.13, 1.47; P=0.0001) for 3-year survival, 1.31 (1.13, 1.51; P=0.0003) for 5-year survival, 1.00 (0.95, 1.04; P= 0.85) for rate of resection and 0.89 (0.64, 1.23; P=0.48) for operative mortality. The results showed that neoadjuvant chemotherapy for resectable esophageal carcinoma can raise the overall survival rate of patients with esophageal carcinoma, but it does not affect treatment-related mortality.

Background: VEGF is a prime mediator of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Various studies assessing the prognostic value of VEGF in patients with esophageal cancer remain controversial. This study aims to comprehensively and quantitatively summarize the evidence on the suitability of VEGF to predict patients' survival. Methods: Searches were applied to PubMed and EMBASE until December 31, 2011, without language restrictions. Studies were assessed for quality using REMARK (Reporting recommendations for tumor MARKer prognostic studies). Data were collected comparing overall survival in patients with high VEGF level with those with low level. We conducted a systematic review of 31 studies (n = 2,387 patients) and completed a meta-analysis of 30 studies (n = 2,345 patients) that correlated VEGF levels with overall survival. Data were synthesized with HRs. Results: The estimated risk of death was 1.82-fold greater in patients with high VEGF expression [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.58–2.08]. The heterogeneity was not significant (P = 0.130) between studies. High VEGF expression was associated with worse survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (HR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.57–2.10) and there was no significance in between-study heterogeneity (P = 0.185). Data collected were not sufficient to determine the prognostic value of VEGF in patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, elevated VEGF expression was associated with poor survival in patients with esophageal cancer but not esophageal adenocarcinoma. Impact: These results support further investigation of VEGF expression for predicting poor survival in patients with esophageal carcinoma and may have implications for treatments directed at inhibiting VEGF-mediated angiogenesis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(7); 1126–34. ©2012 AACR.

微小RNAs(miRNAs)的异常表达与肿瘤的发生、分化、转移及复发等密切相关。研究发现,在食管癌组织中,miR-NAs在表达水平上明显区别于癌旁正常组织;在外周血中,miRNAs也表达出显著的肿瘤相关性、组织特异性和表达稳定性。本文将对miRNA作为食管癌血清标志物的研究进展作一综述。

目的:通过Meta分析明确食管癌术前辅助化疗的价值.方法:用RevMan 5.0.2软件来完成Meta分析.结果:共有16项研究,2594例患者纳入本分析,接受术前辅助化疗组与手术组1年生存率无统计学意义(RR=1.02;95％CI:0.95～1.10);5年生存率有统计学意义(RR=1.31;95％CI:1.13～1.51;P=0.0003)；手术死亡率无统计学意义(RR=0.89;95％CI:0.64～1.23).结论:食管癌术前辅助化疗不增加手术风险,有利于提高食管癌患者5年生存率.

目的:评价七白膏方剂中的药物对离体培养人黑素细胞的作用.方法:建立体外人表皮黑素细胞模型.醇提法提取各种中药活性成分.以熊果苷为实验对照,检测各种中药提取液对于离体培养人黑素细胞增殖、酪氨酸酶活性及黑素合成的干预作用.结果:低浓度白芷对黑素细胞增殖呈抑制作用(P＜0.05),但高浓度时略呈激活作用.其它中药对黑素细胞增殖和酪氨酸酶活性有抑制作用.不同中药提取液对于黑素合成抑制作用不同.结论:各种中药提取液可影响黑素细胞增殖、酪氨酸酶活性和黑素合成,从而干预体外人黑素细胞的代谢.

【Objective】 To investigate the related factors of drinking behavior on adolescence and the educational strategy.【Methods】 A questionnaire survey of alcohol-drinking behavior and its related issues was carried on among 2 845 junior and senior middle school students in Guangzhou.Related factors of alcohol drinking were assessed by using chi-square test and multiple logistic regression models.【Results】 The prevalence rate of drinking in the senior middle school students was significantly higher than that in the junior middle school students(χ2=19.69,P0.01).Prevalence rate of male students in drinking was significantly higher than that of female students(χ2=46.26,P0.01).Using scold as a way to educate,loneliness,cutting class,staying out late,and alcohol use of parents were risk factors towards drinking behaviors(OR1),while communication with parents,excellent scores in learning,being opposed to drinking by parents,considering alcohol addiction may lead to diseases were beneficial to reduce drinking behavior in adolescents(OR1).【Conclusions】 All positive factors should be considered sufficiently and put into effect.Education on drinking and healthy lifestyle should be strengthened to eliminate or reduce alcohol consumption in junior and senior middle school students.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the association between COX-2 expression in human esophageal cancer and its clinicopathologic characteristics of esophageal cancer.METHODS:Published studies were searched in the CBMdisc(1978-2011),CNKI(1979-2010),VIP(1989-2010) database,CMA Digital Periodicals(1998-2010),other relevant journals were manually searched to identify all the related case-control studies in mainland China.The quality of the included studies was assessed.Cochrane Collaboration's Software Revman 5.0.2 was utilized to test the heterogeneity,the overall effect and the publication bias of the combined studies as well.RESULTS:Seven studies were included.For the positive rate of COX-2 expression,significant difference was tested between esophageal cancer and normal esophageal tissues[OR=31.44,95%CI(10.47,94.38)].In addition,cell differentiation G1+G2 vs.cell differentiation G3 revealed significant difference[OR=3.60,95%CI(1.63,7.99)].However,there was not any significant difference shown in terms of gender,age,depth of invasion,lymph node metastasis,of which the overall effect were 1.56(0.61,3.98),0.59(0.27, 1.30)、1.21(0.49,2.98),1.47(0.38,5.64),respectively.CONCLUSION:According to the currently available national evidence,higher COX-2 expression may be associated with esophageal cancer and cell differentiation.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the protective effect of Schisandrins extract on liver ultrastructure in rats with CCl4 poisoning.METHODS:Twenty five Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group,the CCl4 poisoned 24 h and 10 d groups,the Schisandrins 24 h and 10 d groups,five groups with 5 rats in each group.The rats of the CCl4 poisoned and the Schisandrins groups were given one peritoneal injection of CCl4(200 ml/L in vegetable oil) at a dosage of 0.2 ml/100 g body weight,the rats of the control group were given the same volume of vegetable oil.Then Schisandrins extract(0.5 ml/100 g body weight)were given orally to rats of the Schisandrins group daily,while saline was given to rats of the poisoned and the control groups.The rats were sacrificed at different time points.The morphologic changes of the hepatocytes were examined by transmission electron microscopy.RESULTS:The ultrastructure of hepatocytes of rats were changed in the CCl4 poisoned 24 h group,the cytoplasm of hepatocytes was loosed and vacuolated,mitochondria were swollen,with cristae breakdown or loss,and the endoplasmic reticulum appeared lamellar.The nuclear membrane was shrunken and ruptured,and the nuclear chromatin condensed and marginated.The hepatocytic nuclei showed obvious atypia in rats of the CCl4 10 d group.By comparing with that of the CCl4 group,the ultrastructure of hepatocytes in rats of the schisandrins group was less severely damaged.CONCLUSION:The use of Schisandrins extract in the treatment of CCl4 poisoned rats exerted a protective effect on liver ultrastructure.