美国白蛾(Hyphantria cunea Drury)是国际性检疫害虫,本研究连续4年通过野外观察以及性诱捕器诱捕准确掌握了美国白蛾在枣庄地区的生活史以及各代成虫发生高峰期具体时间.研究表明:美国白蛾在枣庄地区一年发生3代,3代成虫发生高峰期分别为4月29-5月3日、7月4-10日、8月13-21日.同时雨天等环境因素对美国白蛾发生规律影响较大,这为科学指导飞机防治提供理论支撑.

2003年从枣庄市地方杏资源中选育出了不经后熟即可采摘食用的新品种'原甜'杏,经连续11a多代高接及植苗建园对比试验,遗传性状稳定.2014年6月通过枣庄市科技局组织的验收,2014年12月通过枣庄市科技局组织的鉴定.该品种单果重16~37g,果皮橘黄色,含可溶性固形物14.2%,可滴定酸1.27%,维生素C 15.1mg/100g,肉质硬脆,离核,口感香甜.剔核后,室外自然晾晒7~9d即可晒制成杏干,杏干味甜浓香,略带咖啡风味.本文介绍了该品种的选育过程、品种特点及栽培技术要点,可为各地今后的引种推广提供参考.

[Objective]Shivaphis pteroceltis is a new pest on Pteroceltis tatarinowii,a member of the national grade Ⅲrare and endangered tree species. The pests had the characteristics of rapid propagating,large quantity,strong outbreak, and long time damage,and cause serious damage to leaves,fruits and young branches of P. tatarinowii. Based on the study of the biological characteristics of S. pteroceltis,the ecological characteristics,such as the effective accumulated temperature,the influence of temperature on the size,population dynamics,and the phototaxis,were further studied in this paper,to lay a foundation for integrated control the pest. [Method]Five treatment temperatures were set to calculate the development threshold temperatures and effective accumulated temperatures by the linear regression method. Developmental duration of the insect under different temperatures was observed and recorded by rearing some wingless parthenogenetic aphids in culture dish in which the leaves of P. tatarinowii were placed,and the improved method of leaf discs was used to rear the aphids. The body length and body width of each aphid were observed,measured and recorded in different temperature gradients. SPSS was used to analyze the data of body length and body width to investigate whether there was a significant difference on aphid size between different temperature treatments. Population dynamics from the hatch of the winter egg of S. pteroceltis to the leaf blade was regularly observed,and then the population dynamics figure of S. pteroceltis and winged and wingless aphids quantity dynamic figure were drawn. According to the characteristics of aphid yellow taxis,the yellow boards were hanged at different heights in P. tatarinowii forest in study sites. The number of aphids was daily counted,and at last the data was collected and processed. [Result]The results showed: the developmental threshold temperature was ( 6. 40 ± 1. 01 ) ℃ and the effective cumulative temperature was 223 . 11 day degree ± 13. 12 day degree,and the K'/K=15. 89,indicating that there were 15 -16 generations every year in Zaozhuang area. Within a certain range,with the increase of temperature,the development duration was shorter,and the size was smaller in the same age. There were three peaks of the aphid outburst,June 10th,July 30th and September 20th,in Zaozhuang City,Shandong Province. Population dynamics was sensitive to the environment factors such as wind and rain. The trapping effect of yellow sticky card was better in the lower canopy.[Conclusion]In the temperature range of 17 -29℃,with the increasing of temperature, the developmental rate of aphid increased and the developmental duration decreased. The pest occurrence trend and the change law provide a theoretical basis for the prediction and comprehensive control. In order to reduce the manslaughter for natural enemy of the pests,such as ladybird,in actual production,the high-incidence season of the natural enemy should be avoided in trapping the pests.

The biological characteristics of Ophiognomonia castanea,a synergistic pathopoiesis fungus of Phomopsis castaneae -mollissimae,were studied in this paper.The results showed that:O.castanea mycelia grew best in potato -chestnut leaf culture medium.The suitable temperature for mycelia growth was 15 ~28℃,and the optimum temperature was 25℃.The optimum pH value was 6.The optimum carbon source was mannitol.The peptone and beef extract as nitrogen sources could promote the mycelia growth.

【目的】研究青檀绵叶蚜的分布与为害、形态特征、生物学特性等，为进一步研究其生态学特性及综合防治方法奠定基础。【方法】对山东和安徽青檀自然分布区内的青檀绵叶蚜分布和发生情况进行调查。在青檀绵叶蚜生活周期的不同阶段，从野外及实验室饲养的蚜虫种群中采集所有虫态，用光学显微镜、解剖镜、数码体视显微镜等观察、测量并记录各虫态形态特征。从3月越冬卵开始孵化到11月受精卵产生，每周定期进行林间和室内饲养观察，记录青檀绵叶蚜的为害特点、生活史和生活习性。【结果】青檀绵叶蚜在山东、安徽等地均有分布，若蚜及成蚜以口针刺入叶片及嫩枝等韧皮部，吸取汁液，导致叶片褪绿变黄、卷曲甚至脱落，造成种子无法发育，严重影响青檀结实，虫体产生的蜜露还诱发严重的煤污病；蚜虫群居在叶片背面主叶脉附近，并沿叶柄基部主脉向叶边缘侧脉扩散为害。青檀绵叶蚜卵初产时为橙黄色，后逐渐变为黑褐色至黑色，越冬卵为亮黑色，光泽明显；初生若蚜为椭圆形，通体透明，体表无蜡丝蜡粉；若蚜4个龄期，体被长蜡丝蜡粉；成蚜呈椭圆形，黄绿色，被白色长蜡丝；干母成蚜无翅，较无翅孤雌成蚜粗短；孤雌成蚜分有翅型和无翅型2种；雌性蚜无翅，雄性蚜有翅。在山东枣庄，越冬卵3月中下旬开始孵化出干母，4月产生干雌，5月产生孤雌蚜，10月上旬产生性蚜，10月中旬雌雄性蚜交尾后产生受精卵，以卵在青檀上越冬。无翅型耐饥性强于有翅型。【结论】目前发现青檀绵叶蚜仅为害青檀，在山东、安徽等地均有分布，营同寄主全周期生活，呈群居分布，以无翅型为主，耐饥性较强；青檀绵叶蚜具有繁殖快、数量多、暴发性强、危害时间长等特点，对不同地区、不同种源的青檀均造成危害，是青檀上

The toxicity determination of the 7 pesticides against Shivaphis pteroceltis showed that 1.8%abamectin EC, 0.5%matrine AS, 4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC, 0.3% azadirachtin EC, and 10% imidacloprid WP had a higher toxicities against Shivaphis pteroceltis. And their LC50 were 1.556、2.897、3.894、4.080 and 7.982 mg/L. So we chose 5 higher toxicity pesticides to conduct the field efficacy trials. The result showed that three kinds of the botanical pesticides 1.8%abamectin EC, 4.5%beta-cypermethrin EC, and 10%imidacloprid WP had better field control efficacy on the Shivaphis pteroceltis after one day, and their corrected mortality were more than 90%, after 7 days reached more than 95%. But two kinds of botanical pesticide field control efficacy were slower, and their corrected mortality were more than 90%after 7 days.

2007年5月发现危害青檀的一种蚜虫,经鉴定为斑蚜科(Drepanosiphidae)、绵叶蚜属(Shivaphis Das 1918)一新种,命名为青檀绵叶蚜(Shivaphis pteroceltis Qiao,Jiang and An,sp.nov).据笔者2007-2013年调查发现青檀绵叶蚜为单食性蚜虫,寄主仅为青檀,在山东、河南、山西、北京、安徽等地的青檀自然分布区均有分布,在山东省枣庄市已对青檀造成严重危害.该虫若蚜及成蚜吸食叶片、幼果及幼嫩枝条汁液导致叶片失绿,影响树木生长及结果;虫体分泌的蜜露容易引起枝叶发生煤污病,严重影响风景观瞻和生态景观.青檀绵叶蚜在树冠部位呈聚集分布,分布规律为树冠底层＞中层＞上层,内部＞中部＞外部.

Since 2003, investigation has been carried out on associated organism of pteroceltis tatarinowii forest in Zaozhuang Qingtan Temple and main type of pests of pteroceltis tatarinowii forest in Zaozhuang, Taian, Jinan of Shandong province, Miaofeng Mountain and Shangfang Mountain in Beijing, Folwer Tower in Ling county, Shanxi province, Qingyang county, Jing county, Quanjiao county, and Langya Mountain of Anhui province. The results show that there are 129 species associated organism in pteroceltis tatarinowii forest of Zaozhuang, among which pathogenic microbes accounts for 8 species;gastropod mollusks accounts for 1 family, 2 species;arachnida accounts for 4 families, 5 species;insecta accounts for 7 orders, 38 families, 55 species;plants accounts for 35 families, 59 species. A new specie of Shivaphis was found in investigation, which was named by Research Fellow Qiao ge-xia. Main pests of pteroceltis tatarinowii forest were Bradybaena ravida (Benson), Bradybaena similaris (Ferussac), Tetranychus viennensis Zacher, Hlyphantria cunea (Drury), Shivaphis pterocelti Qiao, Jiang and An, sp.nov., Apriona germari (Hope). Investigation on weed in nursery land of pteroceltis tatarinowii was carried out, and there were 17 families, 37 species.

青檀绵叶蚜(Shivaphis Pteroceltis Qiao,Jiang andAn,sp.nov.)是2007年5月首次被发现的一个危害青檀(Pteroceltis tatarinowii Maxim)的斑蚜科(Drepanosiphidae)、绵叶蚜属(Shivaphis Das)蚜虫新种.2007年以来对其发生规律和综合防治技术进行了研究.

[背景]青檀绵叶蚜是近几年在山东枣庄市发现危害青檀的新物种,该蚜虫对青檀造成了一定的危害.[方法]2013年对山东和安徽青檀分布地实地调查确定青檀绵叶蚜的分布情况,并结合我国环境变量,采用Maxent生态位模型对青檀绵叶蚜在中国的潜在地理分布进行预测.[结果]青檀绵叶蚜潜在高风险区大面积集中在山东,江苏和北京有零星分布;中风险区大面积集中在河北、河南、安徽和江苏;低风险区集中在山西、四川、江西、辽宁、湖北、湖南和浙江等地区.[结论与意义]青檀绵叶蚜潜在分布区集中在中国中东部地区,这对青檀分布地区预防青檀绵叶蚜发生有重要意义.

The field stady of the feeding and oviposition preference of Apriona swainsoni in nubde showed that the feeding and oviposition amount on Sopora japonica and Robinia pseudoacacia,were the biggest while just a few emerged on Koelreuteria paniculata,but nothing on Salix babylonica.The result of trap test showed that using distillate of twigs and foliage of S.japonica can monitor A.swainsoni in a wide range,each trap could catch 7.42 heads of A.swainsoni weekly on the average.The research laid the foundation for clarification of host range of A.swainsoni and would provide scientific and theoretic basis for further research for plant attractants.

Pseudorobitis gibbus attacked the twigs,flowers and fruits of Lagerstroemia indica as adults and larvae.In Tai'an and Zaozhuang of Shandong Province,the population density was 2.16 weevils per fruit and the average infestation rates on Lagerstroemia indica and its capsules were 93% and 40.11% respectively,which seriously influenced the flowering and fruiting of Lagerstroemia indica and decreased the ornamental value of its flowers.The morphological characteristics,harm and occurrence of the weevil were introduced and the control measures were suggested.

日本龟蜡蚧Ceroplastes japonicus Green是枣庄市石榴主要害虫,近几年在石榴产区发生普遍,不同地片虫株率29.8%～100%,虫口密度重者达每株几百头,甚至超过千头,严重影响了石榴的产量、质量和效益.为此,我们2002～2004年对其防治技术进行了研究.

石榴是枣庄的特色果品,石榴棉蚜Aphis gossypii Glover是石榴主要害虫之一,主要危害新梢及花蕾.由于北方春季干旱,其繁殖迅速且量大,容易导致严重发生.据2004年5月12日调查,重发区一片石榴叶上有蚜虫134头,8cm长的嫩梢上有棉蚜634头,严重影响了石榴的开花座果.为此,我们在2004年对其进行了药剂防治试验研究.

女神为欧洲李系列,国内又称西梅类,由于其成熟晚、品质优,在国外很受欢迎,属精品果系列.为丰富李品种资源,促进果业生产发展,结合我市科技攻关项目研究,2001年我们引入了女神、法兰西、晚黑、斯坦勒等7个西梅品种,进行定植观察和高接试验等系统研究.

枣庄市峄城区667hm2石榴园近年紫薇绒蚧(Eriococus lagerstromiae Kuwana)发生严重.由于该虫1a发生3代,发生量大,世代重叠,加之体外具伪蚧壳,防治效果很不理想.受害轻者树势衰弱,重者并发煤污病,导致早期落叶,枝条枯死,产量锐减,甚至整株枯死,使石榴生产基地面临严重威胁.为此我们在开展虫情预测预报的基础上,对该虫进行了化学防治试验.