为了评价四川省得荣县玛格绵羊资源群体的遗传多样性,选择位于绵羊染色体上的30个微卫星标记,采用毛细管电泳进行等位基因分型,分析并评价玛格绵羊群体的遗传多样性.结果显示:玛格绵羊群体30个微卫星标记具有4～14个等位基因,平均为8.37个等位基因;观察杂合度(Ho)为0.217～0.850,平均为0.605 5,期望杂合度(He)为0.333～0.897,平均为0.701 8;多态信息含量(PIC)为0.310～0.879,平均为0.664.揭示玛格绵羊资源群体的遗传多样性丰富,为下一步开发利用奠定了基础.

为挖掘最新发现的四川省甘孜藏族自治州稻城县亚丁牦牛群体的遗传资源特性,试验选取6头成年牦牛进行屠宰及分割,测定其宰前体尺体重、胴体性状及产肉性能各项指标.研究结果表明亚丁牦牛宰前重公牦牛大于母牦牛,具有显著性差异(P＜0.05);体高公牦牛大于母牦牛,具有极显著性差异(P＜0.01);胴体重公牦牛大于母牦牛,两者间具有极显著性差异(P＜0.01);净骨重公牦牛大于母牦牛,两者间具有极显著性差异(P＜0.01);净肉重公牦牛大于母牦牛,两者间具有极显著性差异(P＜0.01);其他指标公母牦牛之间均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).亚丁牦牛产肉性能良好,是我国较好的牦牛遗传资源,具有进一步选育开发和挖掘的潜力.

勒通藏绵羊是肉毛兼用的高原草地型绵羊品种,是在高海拔、寒冷的环境下经过长期自然选择和人工选择而形成的原始群体,具有耐粗饲、抗逆性强、抗缺氧能力强等特点.该品种藏绵羊以头、颈及胸部毛色呈成片棕色为典型外貌特征,部分羊头顶至鼻梁有一条白色毛带,前肢膝关节、后肢飞节以下为棕色,其他部位为白色.公、母羊均有角,体格大,体躯长,胸宽而深,背腰平直,体质结实.群体遗传变异程度较高,具有丰富的遗传多样性.

为了解亚丁牦牛的遗传资源特性并为今后的选种选育提供参考,试验随机选取6头(公母各半)5.5岁健康亚丁牦牛测定其体尺、体重,并采用屠宰分割的方法测定亚丁牦牛的屠宰副产物和内脏重及各项屠宰指标.结果 表明:公牛的宰前体尺和体高都显著或极显著高于母牛(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);屠宰后亚丁牦牛公牛头重、蹄重均极显著高于母牛(P＜0.01);胴体性状指标上,公牛胴体胸深显著高于母牛(P＜0.05);在产肉性能指标中,公牛胴体重、净骨重、净肉重和眼肌面积极显著高于母牦牛(P＜0.01).说明5.5岁的亚丁牦牛公牛产肉性能要优于母牛.

[Objective] This study was conducted to understand goat germplasm characteristics.[Method] With some 24-month-old males and females Tibet goats as experimental materials, a slaughter experiment was carried out to determine their slaughter performance, muscle quality and muscle nutritional components. [Result]The body weights of males and females before slaughter were (20.16±1.26) and (19.33±4.86) kg, respectively; the dressing percentages of males and females were (43.86±1.74)% and (44.08±5.46)%, respectively; the meat percentages were (32.43±1.52)% and (32.72±3.97)%, respectively; and the meat production rates of carcass were (73.28±0.09)% and (73.16±0.85)%, respectively. There were less differences in carcass measurements, carcass segmentation, muscle quality, muscle fiber characteristics,muscle nutritional components, muscle mineral contents and heavy metal contents between males and females, while eye muscle area and hind leg meat weight of males were significantly higher than those of females. In muscles of males and females, 18 amino acids were detected totally, EAA/TAA values were (39.23±0.24)% and (38.70±0.15)%, respectively, and EAA/NEAA values were (64.73±0.65)% and (63.17±0.41)%, respectively. [Conclusion] This study lays a foundation for overall understanding of germplasm characteristics of Tibetan goats.

为了比较24月龄丹巴黄羊与藏山羊的肌肉特性,测定其肌肉品质、肌肉营养成分、肌肉矿物质含量和肌肉重金属含量等指标.结果表明:1)丹巴黄羊羯羊的眼肌面积、背膘厚、GR值和a值等指标显著高于藏绵羊公、母羊(P＜0.05),其他肌肉肉质指标在丹巴黄羊羯羊、藏山羊公羊及母羊间无显著差异(P＞0.05);2)肌纤维特性、肌肉营养成分、矿物质、胆固醇及重金属含量等指标在丹巴黄羊羯羊与藏山羊公、母羊间保持相对稳定,仅藏山羊公、母羊肌肉中碘含量显著高于丹巴黄羊羯羊(P＜0.05).

为了比较12月龄丹巴黄羊与藏山羊的屠宰性能,屠宰了丹巴黄羊公、母羊和藏山羊公、母羊各3只,测定其屠宰性能、胴体体尺及胴体分割等指标.结果表明:1)丹巴黄羊公、母羊的宰前活重、体长和体高等指标显著高于藏山羊公、母羊(P＜0.05),胸围和管围等指标高于藏山羊公、母羊;2)丹巴黄羊公羊的胴体重、净肉率及骨重等屠宰指标显著高于丹巴黄羊母羊、藏山羊公羊及母羊(P＜0.05),屠宰率、肉骨比、净肉率和胴体产肉率等指标在公母羊间及类群间差异不显著(P＞0.05);3)胴体体尺指标除大腿肌肉厚在公母羊间及类群间相对一致外的7项指标均存在一定的差异,丹巴黄羊公羊的胴体分割的5项指标均显著高于丹巴黄羊母羊、藏山羊公羊及母羊(P＜0.05).

The present study was conducted to determine the muscle fiber diameter,muscle fiber cross-sectional area and muscle fiber density of longissimus dorsi muscle between Tibetan and Danba goats by using paraffin section.The results showed that muscle fiber diameter and muscle fiber cross-sectional area in males of Tibetan and Danba goats were higher than those in females of the same month,and muscle fiber density lower than those of females.In addition,the muscle fiber diameter and muscle fiber cross-sectional area of the same sex and 24 months of Tibetan and Danba goats were higher than those at 12 months of age and muscle fiber density lower than those at 12 months of age.Furthermore,the muscle fiber diameter and muscle fiber cross-sectional area of the same sex and ages of Tibetan goats were higher than those of Danba goats and muscle fiber density lower than those of Danba goats.

This study aimed to study the germplasm characteristics of Tibetan goat distributed in Sichuan. Three male and three female goats of twelve-month-old Ti-betan goat were selected, and they were slaughtered for analysis of slaughter per-formance, muscle quality and muscle nutrients. The results showed that the pre-slaughter body weights, dressing percentages, meat percentages and carcass meat production rates of male and female Tibetan goats were (14.33±1.53) and (12.50± 2.18) kg, (42.11±5.26)% and (43.85±4.51)%, (31.34±3.36)% and (32.84±3.16)%, and (72.34±0.54)% and (72.30±0.78)%, respectively. There were smal differences in car-cass size, carcass segmentation, muscle fiber properties, muscle quality, muscle nu-tritional composition, muscle minerals contents and muscle heavy metals contents between male and female Tibetan goats. A total of 18 kinds of amino acids were detected in the muscle of male and female Tibetan goats. The EAA/TAA ratios and EAA/NEAA ratios of male and female Tibetan goats were (39.18±0.38)%and (38.70± 0.72)%, and (64.31±1.03)% and (63.21±1.92)%, respectively.

为了更好地保护九龙牦牛优良品种资源和大力推广以九龙牦牛为父本的牦牛改良,克服活体保种和活畜引种成本高的问题,2003—2004年我们在泸定县雅嘉梗牧场研制符合配种要求的985粒九龙牦牛颗粒冻精。

牦牛（Bosgrnniens）是牛属（Bos）动物中能生活繁衍在青藏高原及毗邻高寒牧区唯一的牛种。我国有牦牛1300多万头,是世界上牦牛最多的国家,占世界牦牛总数的85%。九龙牦牛属肉用型地方良种,产肉性能持别优良,为了充分利用九龙牦牛的优良特性发展牦牛生产,提高牦牛的产肉性能,1988年在省民委、省畜牧局、甘孜州两资办、甘孜州畜牧局的大力支持下,把"九龙牦牛选育"项