多年来,镉引起的健康危害受到高度关注,特别是长期接触镉引起的毒性效应已成为当今研究的重点.表面增强激光解析电离.飞行时间质谱(Surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry,SELDI-TOF-MS)技术是近年来新起的一种蛋白质组检测技术,其原理是蛋白质选择性地与生物芯片活力表面结合,然后用质谱仪快速扫描,从而获得蛋白质图谱.

目的 探讨一般管理人员职业紧张状况及紧张反应的影响因素.方法 采用职业紧张量表(OSI-R),对事业、企业单位/部门、科室的一般管理人员(研究组)569例,随机抽取工厂、机关、服务和商业等行业的职工(对照组)319例,共计888例进行研究.结果 ①一般管理人员的职业任务、紧张反应总均分及各子项(除工作环境子相外)得分均显著高于对照组[( 31.96±5.98)分,(26.18±5.44)分;(35.76±4.20)分,(24.23±5.70)分.(22.54±3.14)分,(17.25±5.15)分;(24.27±4.88)分,(22.45±6.39)分;(27.30±3.41)分,(22.37±4.42)分;(22.36±4.02)分,(20.18±5.96)分;P ＜0.01],仅自我保健子项得分显著高于对照组[(30.42±5.55)分,(28.39±6.74)分;P ＜0.01].②紧张反应与职业任务呈明显正相关(r =0.319 ,P ＜0.01).③个体紧张反应、业务紧张反应的主要影响因素(按从强到弱顺序排列):责任感、任务冲突、工作环境、任务模糊、工龄;心理紧张反应的主要影响因素:责任感、任务不适、工作环境、任务冲突、任务模糊;人际关系紧张反应的主要影响因素:任务冲突、年龄、娱乐休闲、工作环境.躯体紧张反应的主要影响因素:任务模糊、责任感、自我保健.结论 针对一般管理人员的主要紧张源,紧张反应及其影响因素,采取有针对性的干预措施,以降低一般管理人员的职业紧张程度,保护和促进工作能力是职业卫生领域面临的重要任务之一。

糖尿病肾病是糖尿病的主要并发症之一,严重威胁糖尿病患者的健康.肾脏也是镉(Cd)毒性作用的主要靶器官[1].近年来有研究发现,糖尿病可能对镉的肾脏毒性易感.吸烟是环境中接触镉的主要方式.烟草通常蓄积有镉,吸烟者每天通过呼吸道吸收约1～3 μg/d[2].我们选择上海市某社区中的糖尿病患者作为研究对象,研究镉接触对糖尿病患者肾功能的影响.

[Objective] To investigate the effect of occupational factors on working ability and senility of people, and to provide a basic data for community service. [Methods] 663 person as the investigated objects were sampled randomly from the workers in catering industry, workers in factories, teachers, shop employees in markets and traffic police and policemen in Zhi Jiang Xi district. Their working ability, physiological age and psychological age were evaluated by using questionnaires for health state and working ability, GD - 1 mode human aging degree testing system and physical examination. Statistics and analysis were carried out by using chi - square, variance and covariance. [Results] Significant difference ( P 0.01) was found in both the working ability index and working ability state among 5 kinds of occupational populations. Teachers, traffic police, policemen and workers shared the highest ratio of low working ability and prominent senile state. [ Conclusion] Occupational factors may influence both physiological age and psychological age in the occupational populations. Excessive manual and mental labor can accelerate the senile process of the organism.

镉是重要的工业和环境污染物,主要来源于冶炼厂、电镀、蓄电池、采矿等工业中.人类对镉的研究已有100多年的历史,表明长期低剂量接触镉主要引起以近曲小管损害为主要特征的肾脏损害[1].研究也显示,镉接触与生殖损害、肿瘤和衰老等有一定的关系[2,3,4].