Based on the wind tunnel test result for the superficial pressure measurement of some stiff model with the concave-convex cross section,the paper researches the most unfavorable wind pressure coefficient of the tested points of the elevation at the super-high-rise double-tower buildings,analyzes the influence of the complicated cross sections and neighboring sister towers on the wind loading of the enclosure structure of the elevation of the buildings,and achieves some beneficial conclusion.
V2O5-TiO2 composite thin films were prepared by sol-gel process with Ti(C4H9O)4 and V2O5 powder as the starting materials.The thin films were characterized by XPS and UV-vis-nir spectrophotometer.With increase of heating temperature,content of V4+ decreases and that of V5+ increases gradually while that of Ti4+ remains as before;theoretical curves of the film agree with the experimental curves well through simulating of superposition integral;the transmittance of the films in the ultraviolet range falls remarkably and the absorption edges take a red shift with the increase of heating temperature.
Ambient pressure dried V_2O_5 aerogels were prepared from VO(OC_3H_7)_3、acetone and H_2O by sol-gel method and solvent exchange process.The crystalstructure,crystalform structure and the aper- ture distribution of the V_2O_5 aerogels were investigated by SEM,TEM,XRD and BET.The experimental Results show that V_2O_5 ambient dried aerogels exhibited a fibrous microstructure,surface area was 138. 9 m~2/g and average pore diameter was about 15 nm.V_2O_5 aerogels were crystalline when annealed at 300℃.The electrochemical impedance spectra(EIS)with different potentials were studied by fitting EIS date to an equivalent circuit,and then some kinetics parameters were analyzed and discussed.The elec- trochemical measurements have shown that the specific capacity of V_2O_5 aerogels derived by the ambient pressure dry is 300.45mAh/g,and it can be used as a good cathode material for Lithium batteries.
V2O5 aerogel materials has received much significant attention recently as it can be used as highly promising cathodic materials for Li-ion batteries. A novel kind of V2O5 aerogel materials, ambient dried V2O5 aerogel films were reported in this paper. The films were deposited by the dip-coating method and dipped into acetone and cyclohexane by turn to exchange the solvent in the films. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction topography (XRD), ellipsometry, and electrochemical measurements were employed to characterize the aerogel films. The porosity of the aerogel films is 56%, 16% higher than that of the xerogel films when dried at 120°C. The aerogel films have the higher capacity, as well as better reversibility than those of the xerogel films. The improvement of the capacity can be ascribed to the increase of porosity as well as the pore diameters after the solvent exchange.
TiO_2-V_2O_5 nano-composite thin films were prepared by sol-gel process with Ti(C_4H_9O)_4 and V_2O_5 powder as the starting materials.The thin films were characterized by Ellipsometer,AFM,XRD,TG-DSC and UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer.The results show that with increase of heating temperature,TiO_2 transforms from amorphous to anatase and then to rutile.The temperature at which rutile appeared and anatase turning into rutile completely decreases about 200℃.Crystallite size grows from 5.1nm to 227.3nm gradually.The refractive index of TiO_2-V_2O_5 composite thin films changes from 1.6 to 2.4,and the thickness reduces from 276nm to 187nm simultaneously.The transmittance of the films in the ultraviolet range falls remarkably while the absorption edges take a red shift with the increase of annealing temperature.
Ambient dried V2O5 aerogel films were deposited by dip coating of V2O5 sol followed by solvent exchange. The films were characterized with X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, etc. The results show that annealing significantly affects its quality. For example, the film annealed at 300°C has higher V5+ density, lower porosity density and better compactness than as deposited one.
Pd doped nano-structured WO3 films were grown on glass substrate by sol-gel process with Pd as catalyst and with tungsten powder and H2O2 as the main starting materials and by spinning coating. The gaschromic window consists of two glass sheets, separated by a layer of Ar and H2 mixture and sealed at the edge; the inside wall of one glass sheet is coated with WO3 films. The films were characterized with atomic force microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. The results show that the fastest coloration response is 10 seconds and within 2 minutes the changes in transmittance from coloration to bleaching at a wavelength of 700 nm, is found to be over 60%. Influence of various factors, including annealing temperature, content of Pd catalyst and film thickness, on characteristics of the films was also tentatively discussed.
The influence of lithium intercalation on the optical absorption of vanadium pentoxide films is reported in this paper. Thin films were prepared by thermal evaporation followed by annealing in air. Lithium was inserted electrochemically so that LixV2O5 (0≤x≤0.54) was obtained. The pristine and lithium inserted films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical spectroscopy, and ellipsometry. The optical absorption coefficient was calculated from measured normal transmittance and reflectance spectra. XRD analysis has shown that the as-grown V2O5 films were amorphous, becoming microcrystal after annealing at 350 °C. The optical absorption spectra of all the samples exhibited two distinct regions of behavior: at high-energy where (αhν)1/2 varied linearly with the photonic energy hν, and a low-energy tail. The blue shift of the optical absorption edge is attributed to the Fermi level going into the conduction band after lithium insertion, and the relation between the change of the optical gap and the inserted electron concentration is interpreted in terms of a Burstein–Moss shift. The results confirm that the anodic electrochromism of V2O5 thin films is due to the blue shift of the absorption edge, and the near-infrared cathodic electrochromism arises from absorption of small polarons in V2O5.
In this paper preparation and research of SiO_2-TiO_2-Al_2O_3 inorganic-organic composite films were investigated. Stable composite sol was prepared using tetraethyoxysliane, tetra-n-butyl titanate, aluminium isopropoxide and coupling agent etc by order hydrolysis of the metal alkoxides derived from sol-gel process. The films were prepared by dip-coating method. The different analysis showed that the nanocomposite films were dense, transparent and scratch-resistant. Properties like hardness and scratch-resistant are greatly improved in comparison with pure SiO_2 film.
13 634 patients entering 650 Chinese hospitals up to 36 h after the onset of suspected acute myocardial infarction (MI) were randomised between one month of oral captopril (6.25 mg initial dose, 12.5 mg 2 h later, and then 12.5 mg three times daily) or matching placebo. Captopril was associated with a non-significant reduction in 4-week mortality (617 [9.05%] captopril-allocated vs 654 [9.59%] placebo-allocated deaths; 2p=0.3). There was a significant excess of hypotension, mostly early after the start of treatment, but no evidence of any adverse effect on early mortality (even among patients who were hypotensive at entry). Taken together with the other trials of converting enzyme inhibitors started early in acute MI, these results indicate that such therapy is generally safe and typically prevents about 5 deaths per 1000 patients treated for the first month.